I-OJSC "Inkcazo yezoKhenketho egama lingu-Ilyushin S.V.", EMoscow

Inkomfa ye-Aviation ebizwa ngokuba ngu-Ilyushin SV yenye yeyona ndlela yamabhizinisi amadala adala i-aircraft efanelekileyo kwiRashiya. Imbeko ngaphambi kokuba urhulumente ahlonishwe ngokuphindaphindiweyo. I-OKB yanikezwa i-Order yeLenin, iBhanner Banner of Labor, i-Red Banner of Labor kunye noMyalelo weNguqulelo ka-Oktobha. I-ofisi yoyilo iyaqhubeka nokusebenza ekudaleni iteknoloji yeenqwelo zeenqwelo, ngokuqwalasela ubuchwephesha banamhlanje.

Impumelelo yokuqala yokuyila

I-Complex ye-Aviation ebizwa ngokuba ngu-Ilyushin SV yasungulwa ngoJanuwari 1933. Okokuqala, kwakhiwa i-bureau yoyilo, umsebenzi owaqala kuyo kwinombolo yesityalo 39. Umsebenzi we-Design Bureau wawukuphuhlisa umjikelo wokuvota ovaliweyo kunye nokuqulunqa ukukhanya kunye neenqwelo zezixhobo, kuquka neenjongo zemikhosi. Intloko yeofisi yamiselwa uS S. V. Ilyushin. Iqela, eliqalise ukuphuhlisa i-TsKB-26 yombomber, ebenabalingisi abasixhenxe. Ngomhla ka-Meyi 1934, abasebenzi basebenzele abantu abangama-54.

Kwizakhiwo zokuqala zebhomu zenze iinguqu zakutshanje, nto leyo eyayihluke kakhulu kwizinto ezikhoyo kwiimoto zenkonzo. Amaxwebhu obugcisa kunye neprototype akhululwe ngokukhawuleza. Inkomfa ye-Aviation egama emva kokuba i-Ilyushin VS ivivinye imodeli ye-TsKB-26 ehlobo le-1934, umqhubi wevavanyo ovavanyiweyo uVK Kokkinaki wayehleli phantsi. Iziphumo zovavanyo azibonanga nje ukusebenza kakuhle, kodwa impumelelo evelele yeqela lonke. Kwixesha elizayo, le moto inokuphumelela kwimincintiswano emininzi, ukubeka iirekhodi zehlabathi kwixesha elikhawulezayo kunye neendidi zeenqwelo.

Uxhasi lwenkxaso yempi kunye neirekhodi

Emva kweemvavanyo eziphumeleleyo zebhomu lokuqala, uSV Ilyushin wayeyalelwe ukuba aqinisekise ukukhululwa kwesibini kwisizukulwana se-TsKB-30 esineenqwelo-moya ezinokwakhiwa kwesinyithi. Imodeli yokulinga yavivinywa ngowe-1936, kwaye i-aircraft yaxhaswa phantsi kwegama le-DB-3.

Ukukhululwa kwayo kwaqala ngeentlobo ezintathu eziseMoscow, eKomsomolsk-on-Amur, eVoronezh. Iibhobho zeemodeli ezintsha zancinci zatshintsha imodeli yeDB-3 engapheliyo kwimimandla yomhlaba yoMkhosi wamandla. Kuba i-fleet yenziwe uhlobo oluthile lwe-torpedo bombers, ebizwa ngokuthi iDB-3T.

Ukwamkela ukuba i-Complex ye-Ilyushin ye-Aviation Complex yenze imodeli engcono kakhulu ye-teknoloji yendiza ngelo xesha, kukho iindiza ezimbini zomgama omde omatshini, okwenziwe ngaphandle kokuhamba ngokukhawuleza. Enye yazo yayiseNdleleni yaseMoscow-eMpuma Ekude, okwesibini yahamba ngendlela ewela i-Atlantic Ocean ukuya eNyakatho Melika, ubude beekhilomitha ezili-8 zeekhilomitha.

Ngaphambili

Ngaphambi kwemfazwe, ngowe-1939, ubunzima beenqwelo-moya ezibizwa ngokuba ngu-Ilyushin SV zaqhuba iimvavanyo zendlela yokuphucula i-bB-3F. Kwimoto, iimpawu ze-aerodynamic zaphuculiswa, injini yafumana amandla amaninzi, kwaye isantya seenqwelo-moya senyuke kwiikhilomitha ezingama-445 ngeyure. Inqwelo-moya, elayishwe ibhokhwe yokulayisha ubuninzi beetoni e-1, yenza inqwelo yeenqwelo-moya ezinokufikelela kwiikhilomitha ezili-3,5 eziliwaka.

Ngokuqhambuka kwemfazwe, yonke imodeli yendiza, eyenza uchungechunge lwenqwelomoya. U-Ilyushin, babandakanyeka kwimpumelelo yokuziphatha kweemfazwe. Kudala ngo-Agasti 1941, izithuthi ze-DB-3 zeBaltic Air Fleet zihlasele iBerlin. Ngomnyaka we-1942 iibhombisi zoluhlu oluqala ukukhutshwa lwafumana i-Il-4. Kwimfazwe yaseStalingrad ngo-1942, ii-bombers ezingama-480 zazingqonge. Ngexesha lemfazwe, i-IL-4 yaba yinto ephezulu yezithuthi ezisetyenziselwa ukulwa.

Tank Flying

Ngowe-1941 kwi-Arsenal ye-Ilyushin Design Bureau yayikuphuhliswe kwamaxwebhu obugcisa kunye neprototype ye "tank ehambahambayo" - iinqwelo ezimbini zokulwa. Ngenxa yeempawu zokuqhuma nokuqhuma kweembambano, kwakunempumelelo ngakumbi kunezinye iifane zezinye ii-freeaus zokwakha. UVK Kokkinaki wavavanya i-prototype ngo-Oktobha 1939, kodwa iziphumo zazingenelisekile.

Kwathatha ubuninzi ukucocisa, ngokukodwa, kwakudingeka ukuphucula injini ye-AM038, ukubuyisela kwakhona i-cabin yomqhubi omnye endaweni yeebini, kwaye umkhosi wafuna ukudibaniswa kwezixhobo. Ngowe-1940, le nqwelo yayibizwa ngokuthi yi-IL-2 kwaye yaqaliswa kwimveliso emininzi kwipropati yaseVoronezh. Ngaphambi kokuqhambuka kwemfazwe, ama-troopers angama-250 aphephelwa kwi-shishini.

Ukulwa kokuqala kweenqwelomoya ezinhlanu ze-Il-2 kwakukho ngoJuni 27, 1941, ukuhlaselwa kwikholam yesixhobo saseJamani kufuphi nomzi waseBolruisk. Ngethuba elifanayo, ukukhululwa kwe "Ilov" kwehlile ngokumalunga nokukhutshwa kwamanzi kwezityalo, emva kokungenelela kukaStalin, imeko yatshitshiswa, kwaye amandla okuvelisa aqala ukwanda. Ngelo xesha imfazwe yaqala kwi-Kursk Bulge, ngaphezu kwe-1 000 i-Il-2 iinqwelo eziye zaziswa ngaphambili. Ngaphezulu kweminyaka yemfazwe, kwakhiwe izithuthi ezingaphezu kwama-3,600.

Ukuguqulwa kwe-IL-2

Ukuthatha inxaxheba kwimikhosi yemikhosi kubonise ukungalungi kwe-IL-2, ngokukodwa, ukungakhuselekanga komsila ngexesha lokuhlaselwa kweentshaba kule moya. Ukuphelisa isiphoso esinqunyiwe ngokubuyela kwi-cabin ephindwe kabini, apho inxaxheba yesibini kwendiza yayiyi-shooter, apho umpu womshini omkhulu wamiselwa ngayo uBerezina. Olu lungiso lwendiza yokuhlaselwa lubekwe isiseko sohlobo olutsha lwezixhobo zokuhamba.

Ngokwe siseko se-Il-2 ephakamileyo, i-Complex ye-Ilyushin ye-Aviation egama emva kwe-S.V. yakhipha i-aircraft ye-Il-10 yokulwa nokulwa, eyayisasazeka kwixesha elidlulileyo lemfazwe neJamani kwaye yathatha inxaxheba kwimisebenzi yokulwa eJapan. Kwimikhosi yaseSoviet, i-IL-10 yayisenkonzweni ukuya ngowe-1950, ukuveliswa kwemveliso ye-serial yavalwa ngo-1947. Ngaphezu kwe-30% yeqela lokuhamba ngeenqwelo zeenqwelo ezibandakanyekayo kwi-Great Patriotic War, yenzelwe kwaye iqalise uchungechunge lwenqwelomoya. S. V. Ilyushin.

Uthutho lwabagibeli

Kwexesha elithile i-OKB yayisindayo (Oktobha 1941-Epreli 1942) kwisixeko saseKibyshev. Emva kokuba abuyele eMoscow, uSV Ilyushin wamiselwa njengomlawuli kunye nomqambi oyintloko wesityalo seenqwelo-moya uNombolo 240. Emva kokuqhekeka kwimfazwe ngenxa ye-USSR, u-Ilyushin waqala ukuphuhlisa izithuthi zomoya. Inqwelo yokuqala yokuhamba ngokukhululeka yayingu-Il-12. Usebenziso lwayo lwaqala ngowe-1946, ngaphandle kohlobo lwabagibeli, lwakhiwe ngendlela yokuthuthwa kwezempi.

Ngowe-1950, i-Complex ye-Ilyushin ye-Aviation Complex (eMoscow) yavelisa iinqwelo ze-Il-14 ezihamba ngeendlela eziphuculwe kakuhle emva kokuhlalutya kwedatha yokusebenza ye-IL-12. Imodeli entsha yaveliswa ngama-14 ahlukeneyo ngamazwe amathathu-i-USSR, i-GDR, iCzechoslovakia. Inqwelo yayisetyenziselwa ukuthutha abantu abahamba ngeenqwelo kunye nokuhamba kwezesayensi. Kamva kwi-OKB yasebenza ekudalweni kwabagibeli, izithuthi zomoya ezizodwa kunye neenqwelo zezixhobo ze-Air Force.

Abagibeli kunye nezithuthi ezizodwa

I-Complex Complex ebizwa ngokuba ngu-Ilyushin S.V. ngamaxesha ahlukeneyo akhupha umgca wezothutho lomoya:

• I-12 (4 iinguqulelo) yayisetyenziswa ukususela ngo-1947 ukuya ku-1968. E-China, ii-aircraft zabandakanywa ngaphambi kowe-1988. Kuzo zonke iiyunithi ezingama-663 zenziwe.
• Il-14 (14 ukuguqulwa). Kwakusebenza ukususela ngo-1950 ukuya ku-2005. Ukusabalalisa kwaba yi-1,348 iinqwelo-moya (ngokweminye imifanekiso, inani lidlula ii-3800 iiyunithi).
• Il-18 (ii-24 zokuguqulwa, kuquka ukuthuthwa kwezempi, izithuthi kunye nokufika, ukuqeqesha, uphando, njl.). Inani leemoto eziveliswe ngamaqela angama-800, ixesha lokusebenza li-1959-2002. Iikopi eziliqela ziyaqhubeka nokusebenza e-Afrika, eSomalia, e-Ukraine, eNyakatho Korea nakwabanye.
• IL-62 (10 ukuguqulwa). Iingqwembe ezingama-289 zaveliswa, ezingama-81 zazo zithunyelwa ngaphandle. Iminyaka yokusebenza - ukususela ngo-1965 ukuya kwangoku.
• IL-86 (4 iinguqulelo). Isetyenziswe ukususela ngo-1976 ukuya kwangoku, zonke kuzo zonke, iinqwelo ezili-106 zaveliswa.
• IL-96-300 (9 ukuguqulwa). Ukusetyenziswa ukususela ngo-1988 ukuya kutsho, inani lezithuthi eziveliswe yi-30.
• Il-114 (12 ukuguqulwa kwabagibeli kunye nezithuthi ezizodwa). Ukusebenza ukususela ngo-2001, ukuvelisa ubuninzi kuyaqhubeka kwiTashkent, ukuveliswa kwezinto eziziinkohlakalo kulungiselelwa kwi-MiG isityalo ngexesha le-2020-2021. Imashini yomsebenzi isetyenziswe ezindleleni zasekhaya.
• Il-114 (12 iinguqulelo). Uthe wabuyela ngo-2001. Ukususela ngo-2017 kuveliswa kwisityalo seTAPOiCh. Iinqwelo zisebenza kwiindlela zasendlini.
• IL-103 yokuhlala. Itholakale ukususela ngo-1994, ngoku isebenza.

Kuza kube yimhla, i-JSC "Inkcazo yezoKhenketho egama linguS. S. Ilyushin" ivelise le moya:

• Iimpawu ezi-9 zeebhomu.
• Iimodeli ezisibhozo zokulwa.
• Iimpawu ezintathu zeenqwelo zezixhobo zeNavy (i-anti-marine, torpedo).
• Iinqwelo zokuthutha ngeendlela ezintathu.
• Izithuthi ezizodwa ezi-5 ezisusela kwizothutho.
• Iimodeli ezithoba zezothutho zabathwele kunye nemimiselo emithathu ekhethekileyo esekelwe kwiinqwelo zokuhamba.
• Kuphuhliso kukho imodeli e-4 (IL-112, IL-114, i -OBE Ermak enkulu kakhulu, i-IL-76 (izithuthi)).

Inkampani kwinqanaba langoku

Ngethuba elipheleleyo lobukho balo, iComplex Complex I-SV Ilyushin (eMoscow) iye yavelisa iindidi ezingamakhulu amabini ezindiza ezinokuguqulwa ezininzi. Kwi-serial production, "I-air" yaveliswa ngenani elipheleleyo lamaqela angama-60 ejoliswe ku-Air Force, ukuthutha abagibeli kunye nokusetyenziswa okukhethekileyo.

Ukususela ngo-1990, ii-OKB zatshintshile uhlobo lobunikazi, kuba yinkampani yokubambisana evulekile-OJSC "IL". Ukususela ngo-1995, uV V. V. Livanov ube nguMlawuli oyiNtloko kunye noMlawuli oyiNtloko. Imisebenzi ephambili yileyilwa yeempahla, izithuthi kunye neenqwelo zokuthutha zempi.

ImiSebenzi

Inkampani ihlala ikhula, idala imisebenzi kwaye iphucula imeko yokusebenza. Kuza kubekho, kukho uluhlu oluthile lweengcali eziza kuvuya rhoqo kwi-Design Bureau kunye namasebe okuvelisa amasebe athile.

Inkcenkcesha yeenqwelo-moya ebizwa ngokuba yiS S. V. Ilyushin isithuba kwiindlela ezilandelayo:

• Abasebenzi (abaqokeleli, abahlaziyi-riveters, i-riveters, njl.).
• Abayili kunye neenjineli (oonjiniyela-abaqulunqi, abaqulunqi abanezakhono, njl njl).
• Abasebenzi bezolawulo kwiSebe leengxelo (abacwanisi, abuchule, njl.).

Inkampani ibeka ingqwalasela enkulu ekuqeqesheni abasebenzi bezakhono, apho inkqubo yenzelwe ukutsala abantu abatsha abanamakhono kunye nokubuyisela abaqeqeshi abakhona. I-JSC "Inkcazo yezoKhenketho egama linguS. S. Ilyushin" ithatha inxaxheba kwinkqubo karhulumente yokubamba iqhaza kwabangena kwiziko lemfundo ephakamileyo. Iziko lemfundo ezisisiseko zi-MAI, MIPT, MEI, MSTU. Bauman, MIREA, apho ungayifumana imfundo kwi-budget yezemali kunye nelihlo ukuqhubeka usebenza kwi-bureau yoyilo i-Ilyushin.

Ulwazi olu luncedo

Ikomkhulu le-Ilyushin ye-Aviation eMoscow liseLeningradsky Prospekt kwisakhiwo esinguNombolo 45, incwadi "G".

Amasebe kunye neeofisi ezimele ze-OKB zifumaneka kwezi zilandelayo zixeko:

• Isixeko saseZhukovsky (esifundeni saseMoscow), isebe.
• Village Kamenka (esifundeni saseMoscow), isikhungo sokuqeqeshwa.
• Isixeko saseUlyanovsk, isebe.
• Isixeko saseVoronezh, isebe.
• Isixeko saseRyazan, isebe.
• Isixeko saseTashkent, i-ofisi emele yenkampani.

Ulwazi olunzulu malunga neenkcukacha zeenkampani kunye nempumelelo yazo zifumaneka kwi-Museum ye-OKB, eLeningradsky Prospekt.