Inkqubo IPL: iimpawu kunye nesikhundla kwinkqubo yezomthetho

Modern inkqubo yomthetho Russian kuquka inani lwamashishini ezahlukeneyo, umsebenzi engundoqo apho kukulawula zonke iintlobo ulwalamano ezisemthethweni ezivela nokwenza ekuhlaleni. Inani kumacandelo afana kwaye ziquka umthetho abucala amazwe ngamazwe (pil), apho features, ngokunjalo malunga SPE indawo kwinkqubo yezomthetho iza kuxutyushwa kweli nqaku.

Ingqiqo kunye subject of IPL

Ngoko ke, lo mthetho abucala amazwe ngamazwe - a yeMetro yemigangatho zomthetho kunye nohlobo eziphathekayo kwembambano, elizweni jikelele nakumazwe ngamazwe, apho kukho ulawulo nobudlelwane ezahlukeneyo yoluntu ngokusemthethweni, nto leyo ngqo into obandakanyekayo amazwe.

Ngenxa into ngqo, nto leyo inxaxheba kwinkqubo MPP, benze ngemvelo ubudlelwane babucala, indlela enzima okanye elinye isolotya ukuba umyalezo angaphandle anokuthi luboniswe iintlobo ezifana:

• phambi kobudlelane kwicala kwisifundo yayivele;
• phambi kwayo nayiphi na into kwicala yonxulumano;
• luyinto enokwenzeka ngokusemthethweni.
  

Malunga nendlela MPP

Eneneni, inkqubo MPP na ukufana typological kunye nenkqubo yomthetho yembambano kwaye inkqubo yomtshato ezintathu, ezizezi:

• Ingxenye jikelele.
• Ingxenye ekhethekileyo.
• inkqubo Civil ngamazwe, ngokunjalo yolamlo yorhwebo yamazwe ngamazwe.

Inxalenye jikelele kuquka ingqalelo imiba efana:

• ingqiqo, into, indlela;
• impixano nemimiselo yomthetho;
• ngqo kwisifundo;
• Iimpawu ze isicelo komthetho amazwe.

Ingxenye Special kwenkqubo MPP ikwaqwalasela nemiba efana:

• ubunini;
• Iintlawulo ngamazwe nezothutho;
• tort kwemfanelo ubudlelwane;
• usapho, ilifa, abasebenzi kunye nezinye bezomthetho ngamazwe.

inkqubo Civil ngamazwe kunye nolamlo yorhwebo yamazwe ngamazwe yenziwa ummiselo ngemiba enxulumene ngokulandelelana:

• ngeenkqubo kumatyala embambano ebandakanya element angaphandle;
• kunye nohlobo woqoqosho zokusombulula imbambano abadlali abaphambili ekuphumezeni uhlobo zangaphandle umsebenzi.

MPP kwinkqubo yezomthetho mihla

Ukuqwalasela lo mbuzo oko SPE indawo kwinkqubo yezomthetho kufuneka kuthiwa e isayensi mihla kukho i neengqiqo ezimbalwa ngalo mbandela, apho ixhaphake kakhulu zithathwa emithathu elandelayo.

Eyokuqala kwezi ngongoma zingentla ukholelwa ukuba MPP yinxalenye ebalulekileyo umthetho zendalo nezikazwelonke nganye ithi mihla umthetho wamazwe ngamazwe yabucala zabo khona. Le ndlela isekelwe kwinto yokuba yokugqibela yakhiwe kwakheka kazwelonke imithetho impixano, leyo ayinakutshintshwa kwiikhowudi zabo. Noko ke, ukuba sengozini le ndlela kuxhomekeke yokuba ukongeza nemigangatho yesizwe imithombo MPP kukho izithethe eziqulathwe kwizivumelwano zamazwe ngamazwe. ilungelo elifanayo International na ubume inkqubo yomthetho ozimeleyo, ngokunxulumene apho imithombo ayikwazi aphathwe njengemithombo zasekhaya yomthetho.

Ngokutsho ingqiqo yesibini, MPP inkqubo inkqubo yenkundla ezizimeleyo esebenza ngaxeshanye kunye neenkqubo ezifana nomthetho wesizwe kunye nomthetho yoluntu jikelele. Noko ke, le mbono babephikisana kunye indawo eyamkelekileyo ukuba kukho okwangoku iinkqubo ezimbini kuphela zomthetho, omnye apho - ilungelo yesizwe States, kwaye eyesibini enyanisweni, umthetho wamazwe ngamazwe, nto leyo kwenza isiseko izivumelwano zamazwe ngamazwe kunye namasiko.

Ingcamango wesithathu ikholelwa ukuba SPE imbaxa multisystem zomthetho, owokuqala leyo ifakiwe isakhiwo komthetho wesizwe (imigangatho yesizwe), yaye inxalenye yesibini ifakiwe isakhiwo komthetho wamazwe ngamazwe (imithetho, liqulathwe yezizwe ngezizwe).

iziphumo

Ngaloo ndlela, esekelwe ngasentla, oko kuchazwe ukuba mbuzo oko SPE indawo kwinkqubo yomthetho, ukuba ngandlel 'ithile impikiswano, Noko ke, inkoliso bewenza athathe isikhundla IPL kufuneka ithathwe njenge isebe lesizwe yomthetho, nto leyo eye uxhulumaniso kaninzi umthetho wamazwe ngamazwe, kodwa asiyiyo inxalenye yokugqibela.