Komthetho Public ngamazwe: isishwankathelo kushishino zomthetho

Njengoko naliphi na ishishini, umthetho karhulumente ngamazwe idlala indima ephambili ekulawulweni nobudlelwane kwezentlalo. Kodwa ngokungafaniyo i "yangaphakathi", inkqubo yomthetho ejoliswe elawula imiba jikelele.

Ingcamango yomthetho yoluntu jikelele.

Bewenza ziimpawu naliphi isebe lomthetho malunga neenqobo eziphambili ezintathu: inkqubo kunye umbandela ulawulo, kwakunye uluhlu lwemithetho ngokwesiseko apho iimpawu ezimbini zokuqala olumiswe lwagqitywa.

Phantsi mxholo amalungelo candelo umbuzo kubhekisa kuzalwano nobudlelwane obukhoyo zomthetho esekwe phakathi kwamazwe, izizwana neentlanga ziyasokola self-determination, amacandelo karhulumente, imibutho karhulumente. Kule isangqa imiba ekufuneka isonjululwe zikhawulelwe kucacisiwe ongaziqukiyo iingxaki izivumelwano zamazwe ngamazwe ukuba aye ngaphaya izakhono kunye ummandla kwilizwe elithile.

umthetho Public bomhlaba indlela ethile elawula ubudlelwane izifundo zoshishino - i kunyanzelekile. Wachaza into yokuba amaqela izivumelwano zisoloko nixoxe kuphela ezo miba apho ayikwazi kuba dualistic isisombululo. Umzekelo okuphawuleka i-Kyoto Protocol ngo-1998, esekelwe apho amazwe ziseke imigangatho eziphila usindiso, ezikubophelela onke amazwe ukuba amaqela Convention kunye Protocol.

umthetho Public ngamazwe luphawulwa iintlobo ezimbini ngokwemigaqo yomthetho, apho ubukhulu becala inokuba nokulawula iingxaki zeli sebe umthetho: kwisivumelwano somsebenzi ne non-yemvumelwano. Nezivumelwano Zakwantu ziquka imigaqo esele ezizinzileyo kwizivumelwano sinqande jikelele (UN Charter), zendawo (Maastricht iSivumelwano 1992) okanye amabini (isivumelwano sentsebenziswano). Ngenxa yoko, izenzo thaca non-yesivumelwano eziye zavela kwaye zisetyenziswa ukusebenza ukuziphatha lwamazwe omnye komnye. Njengomgaqo, umthetho zezivumelwano uya kuza kukubophelela kumaqela kuphela ukuba uluphumelele nokwamkelwa ngokungqinelana nomthetho kunye / okanye umyalelo siseko. imigangatho kakhulu eqhelekileyo kufuneka bathi ukuba non-ayikokubambana ngendlela. Nangona kunjalo, akukho kutshanje kubekho inkqubo bokulungisa okubhalwayo yabe.

Ngokusekelwe kwiimpawu, ubone:

umthetho Public ngamazwe - kunxulumano imithetho eqhelekileyo kunye yesivumelwano elawula imiba kunye nobudlelwane phakathi kwamazwe, kumaqumrhu karhulumente, izizwe zilwe for self-determination, kunye nemibutho ngaphakathi kwaye ziyabophelela kuzo zonke amaqela baqinisekisa ulwamkeleko lwabo ngendlela emiselwe ngumthetho.

umthetho karhulumente nawabucala International: kwinqanaba divergence.

Njengoko kumthetho ekhaya, uhlobo ngamazwe kwizifundo ezahlukeneyo nobudlelwane ezilawulwa ngamaziko zomthetho ezizodwa. Zenza i-luluntu jikelele nomthetho zabucala (ekubhekiselelwa MPP). Ngaphandle kokuba zombini ushishino nokulawula imiba enxulumene inxaxheba abameli amazwe ahlukeneyo, umahluko phakathi kwabo kakhulu.

Okokuqala, imbono yomthetho amazwe eyenza uluhlu lwezifundo zabo, urhulumente, imibutho oorhulumente, amaziko karhulumente, kwakunye uhlanga, ziyasokola self-determination. Ngokwahlukileyo koku kungasentla, MPP ayanda uluhlu lwe nxaxheba wobudlelwane abucala-mthetho, abantu abanjalo kunye / okanye iinkampani joint-stock.

Okwesibini, amashishini ezahlukeneyo, kwaye ngokuxhomekeke kumgaqo. MPP ijolise ukulawula iingxaki umthetho zabucala. Ngokwahlukileyo koko, umthetho amazwe ijolise ekusombululeni imiba yezolawulo, uluntu, indalo.

Okwesithathu, indlela eyahlukileyo yommiselo ngokusemthethweni. ulawulo Uphawu kubalulekile ingakumbi kwimimandla yoluntu komthetho wamazwe ngamazwe. MPP, phezu koko, inika izifundo zayo ukuziphatha ezithile kwaye ivumela nxaxheba ukuba ukhethe ukhetho zifanelekileyo imeko yakho.

Okwesine, kokulawula sikhokelo kumalungu amanyathelo SPE, kwiimeko ezininzi, zichazwe ngumthetho karhulumente ngamazwe, ngaphandle amasiko zomthetho. Kwaye yiloo nto ezinye bewenza rhoqo ngaphandle kule nkcazelo 'yomthetho amazwe "umsebenzi osemqoka" kawonke ", ibhekisela kwicandelo umthetho welizwe zoluntu lwamazwe ngamazwe.