Inkqubo truss kophahla Gable ngezandla zabo. Drawing kunye nenkqubo kophahla yoyilo

inkqubo truss Gable kugqalwa ephantsi ngokwaneleyo kule yophahla. Abanini kwawo khetha amaziko zabucala zokuhlala. Le nkqubo elula practical truss. Uyilo zifanelekile kwaye ibonelela ngokhuseleko eyimfuneko kwimozulu. Okulandelayo, cinga iinketho kunokwenzeka ukuba izixhobo zayo.

Overview

inkqubo truss Gable yikhompawundi iinqwelo-moya buxande kwi-engile. Ukususela emacaleni kunye Ekungeneni ezi ezingoonxantathu-ezimise. Bona kufakwa gables. Ubume lophahla (inkqubo truss) ibandakanya izinto ezahlukeneyo axhasayo nokugcina. Bona zinika ukuthembeka elide. Okulandelayo cinga into eyenza isakhiwo esinophahla (inkqubo truss).

mauerlat

Isiqalelo siqulathe i umqadi kokuba icandelo square emnqamlezweni. It yenziwa sapling. Mauerlat yenzelwe transfer umthwalo uniform ukusuka imiqadi ukuya iindonga ukuzala. ubukhulu Beam ongowona 10-15 cm. watshisa izitha zengqolowa awo owayame eludongeni axhasayo. Xa ngeentonga ezivelileyo okanye izikhonkwane yangaphakathi njengento lokubopha.

"Umlenze"

Kuyinto iplanga ogama ubukhulu ngenxa yecandelo 15 X 5 (okanye 10) cm. Ngenxa lwesi sakhi Abizelwa nentaba kophahla elingunxantathu. Yena, ke, osithwalela umthwalo iphela nesenzeko esesibhakabhakeni: ikhephu, isichotho, imvula okanye nomoya. Kuba imiqadi ezinkulu ukuthembeka zibekwe kumgama oziimitha 0.6-1.2. Umgama i ngaphantsi kwe kulindeleke enze uphahla esinzima. Ukongeza, ubukhulu inyathelo yi kwezinye iimeko ziya kuchaphazela neempawu zolwakhiwo wesigqubuthelo kophahla.

groundsel

Le imithi na icandelo efanayo naleyo ukuze mauerlat :. 10 x 10 wabeka tye phezu kodonga ukuxhasa cm yakhe. Oku kuqinisekisa ukulayisha efanayo ezo ntsimbi zilapha phezulu.

Zokuqinisa kunye ezikhaphukhaphu

Into yokuqala ugqibezela unxantathu of "imilenze". Retaining ukuthintela ukusasazeka kwayo. Ezikhaphukhaphu, enze umsebenzi njengesixokelelwano phakathi umqadi kunye nezinto ezixhasayo. Xa uqhagamshela la malungu kunye ukuqinisa ajike efama. Le element unamandla kakhulu. Nkqu kwimeko ukuyilwa truss span enkulu ngokuqinileyo ukumelana yonke imithwalo.

umi

Kuba ezi zinto amaplanga enye, njengokuba ukusezela. Yokubeka kube nkqo. Baya kuthatha phezu umthwalo ukusuka kummango ayidlulisele eludongeni engaphakathi yenethiwekhi.

lathing

izinto Framework zibekwe nkqo ukuya emiqadini. Njengoko athwele of angase ezivelileyo iibhodi okanye nemivalo. Esi sakhiwo lidlulise ubungqongqo yophahla imilenze kwaye iqinisekisa bond olongezelelweyo. Kuba groundworks kungcono ukuthatha sivuma iziqalelo. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba oku akwenzeki, ungasebenzisa i ibhodi nokumamela okanye nemithi kunye ixolo isusiwe. Ukuba kukho kusetyenziswa isigubungelo uphahla ethambileyo, umzekelo ngokusekelwe tile yebhitumene, ngoko lathing yenzelwa oluqinileyo. Kulo mzekelo, ngokwenene sheets (ukufuma) isenzo njengezinto yayo.

Seahorse and itulo

Into yokuqala isahlulo aphezulu eluphahleni. Apha uqhagamshele ethambekeni eluphahleni. Seahorse ukhandwa entlanganweni umlenze. Kubhaliwe elise tyaba. Kumgama ezimalunga nama-40 cm ukusuka eludongeni iphumele itulo. Le element likhusela ngokuchaseneyo nokuphuma emvula.

"Lehashe"

Ezi zinto zenza i itulo. "Mare" zifuneka kuphela xa imilenze imiqadi mfutshane kakhulu. Ezi zinto ke iibhodi zisebenzisa kwicandelo ezincinane.

indlu inkqubo umqadi: Iintlobo

ababini kubo kuphela: naslonnogo kunye nohlobo ezijingayo. ZifunwaEzokugqibela zidweliselwe ezisetyenziswa kwimeko xa iindonga iindonga lwangaphandle isakhiwo zikwindawo kumgama ukuya ku ezilishumi leemitha bebodwa. Enye imeko esebenzisa inkqubo truss kophahla ezijingayo (ukujikeleza kwalo kubonisiwe kwinqaku) na ukungabikho ophethe phakathi kweendonga ahlukeneyo izinto zokwakha. Ukuba kunjalo, ngoko lisetyenziswa naslonny uhlobo. Ukuba ukwahlukana phakathi nesakhiwo kwenziwa lwemihlathi, endaweni udonga lokuzala, kusetyenziswa yaye zombini inkqubo truss. Le umzobo ubunjwe izinto amalungiselelo kwi-engile ephakathi kwabo iinxalenye lokunqunyanyiswa kwalo. Okulandelayo, cinga iinkcukacha zokwakha.

uhlobo Ukumiswa

A phawu yesi sikimu indawo unit inkqubo izixhaso ukuxhasa iindonga ecaleni. Zisasuka kulo mzekelo kucingelwa ukuba ukuyilwa yoxinezeleko caphukisayo, ngenxa apho kweendonga ekugqibeleni baye entshabalalweni. Ukunqanda le meko sisetyenziselwa retaining imiqadi udibaniso. Oku kukhokelela unxantathu abantamo nto leyo phantsi deformation phantsi komthwalo. Endaweni omfuthelayo adla ngokusetyenziswa imiqadi floor. Zibalulekile ingakumbi ukuba ulindele kophahla ukuphucuka. Le nkqubo truss gable lophahla kunye Lungisa izandla zakhe phantsi kakhulu nje. Abaxhamla kule sakhiwo akukho mfuneko entabeni mauerlat. Ngelo xesha kakhulu ufake nje ezo zinto zezakhiwo, apho imiqadi baxhomekeke phezu kodonga. Zinoboya nge Ibhodi yokugquma layer ukuba lenze flatness efama kunye nozinzo. Oku kwenzeka ngokubonelela indawo enkulu yenkxaso. Kukho iindidi eziliqela ze imiqadi ejingayo. Bonke trehsharnirnymi.

isakhiwo Simple ntathu

Le nkqubo truss gable kophahla ngezandla zakhe ngokuya zonke lula. Ukwakhiwa yi unxantathu esivalekileyo. macala sakhe sangaphezulu ezimbini ekuthanda ukuvumela umthwalo. Used in ezinjalo isakhiwo ukuqinisa ayisebenzi kuphela eqine kwaye alibhekiseli ukuya element yenethiwekhi. Kule meko, kunokwenzeka ukuba indawo tyazhem ngentsimbi. Kukho iinketho ezininzi indibano isixhobo lwesakhiwo. Oku kusetyenziswa nokuba avala ipleyiti nokuqhobosha, kwakunye zisikayo ngokungqalileyo orthogonal.

Trehsharnirnaya arch unxantathu besebenzisa buyaqhubeka esinyusiweyo

Le nkqubo truss gable kophahla izandla zakhe azinze xa isixhobo ufanele indawo yokugcina. Kule zisancumisa akayi kusekwa emazantsi kunye phezulu. Kulo mzekelo, ukwandisa umthwalo kwi elula. It ezisekele ngokwabo zibanjwa kwi mauerlat iintsika. Kulo mzekelo, umthwalo uba uniform, ngenxa yokuba uya kuba yintoni uzinze inkqubo yonke truss kophahla gable. Ukubalwa ukwakhiwa kufuneka wenziwe kuthathelwa ingqalelo into yokuba kungqameko iziqalelo kufuneka utshintshe udlalele udonga ngaphandle kwesakhiwo. Ukuthintela unokukhawuleza ngokuqinisa kufuneka ibe ukumiswa elungeleleneyo. Oku kubaluleke ngakumbi xa kuthathwa ukwakhiwa silingi lobuxoki, okanye ngokubekwa ubushushu umaleko. Ukuba zisancumisa lifutshane, oko zigxunyekwe Ridge entanyeni. Ngokuba lo isikhonkwane iibhodi ezimbini. Ukuba ukuqinisa inde, yinto zibe mbalwa.

Naslonny uhlobo

Ukuba amalungiselelo inkqubo truss kophahla gable ezifana ngezandla zakhe, kufuneka ibekwe kanye embindini umqadi nkqo. ubunzima kophahla uya kucanda kulo ukusuka kummango abase umgama elifanayo ukusuka kungqameko ngaphakathi udonga yokwakha ukuzala.

Naslonnoe-Elati isakhiwo

Onyuswe enjalo inkqubo truss kophahla gable ngezandla zabo kungenza ngeendlela ezintathu. Le ukhetho lokuqala unika mauerlat nje inkxaso. Okanye bafaka umqadi okhethekileyo umqadi. Njengoko isiqhoboshelo esetyenziswa vrubka ngezinyo. Ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthembeka wayo inshorensi kunye ucingo okanye yamasango. Phezulu kwe eziqalelo nasezimfanteni mandatory ezisisigxina. Ngokutsho lwalo yesibini, inkqubo truss kophahla ngezandla zakhe usebenzisa imichiza ukulungisa eshukumayo yohlobo yesilayidi. Unako ukwenza ukulungisa ngoncedo iqhekeza le bar. Ukuze kubonelelwe unyawo olomeleleyo ukugcinwa, nail phezulu okanye ekhandiweyo Iqinisekile kwipleyiti ngentsimbi bhetyebhetye. Ukulala phezu imiqadi kummango kwipali ziqhotyoshelwe ngezibini ukuya umngxuma okanye ngokubaleka. Njengokuba le yokugqibela ufakelo ukhetho, kukho kuthatha beka uxhulumaniso engqongqo. Ngokunxusene element kummango abotshwe kumacala omabini kweebar okanye amacwecwe. Kule meko umqadi umthwalo eyomeleleyo ukugoba. Noko ke, imiqadi SAG ngaphantsi kakhulu. Loo ngobuwena eqhubekayo Kuthi nzima ngakumbi ukuphumeza, kuneyokuqala. Kule meko, oku kusetyenziswa alufane.

Izakhi spacer naslonnye

uphahla olunjalo kakhulu efana embodiments ngasentla. Noko ke, kukho caveat: iinyawo ezinokususwa lowo kwindawo kuyimfuneko ukufaka esisigxina (nzima). Kulo mzekelo, umthwalo izixhaso zongameleyo ziya kudluliselwa iindonga umthwalo-langa. Ngokubanzi, aba spacers asebenze njengomthetheli yi ithambekele kwinkqubo nesisitheliso. Noko ke, ungenza ntoni ngaphandle run. Ngokulungiselela indlela spacer kufuna nitrogen mauerlat kakhulu ukuya eludongeni lwayo indlu. Ngaphezu koko, le miba yesakhiwo kufuneka womelele nepeni.

Ezisekele ne braces

Kulo mzekelo, izinto ezongezelelweyo olubekwe kwi-engile degrees 45. Khawuwabhinqise njengomfo, enyanisweni, kuba usebenza imiqadi umlenze wesithathu, esebenza ucinezelo. Ngoko, kuba kunokwenzeka ukuba zilala phezu kweminwe, ubude ukuya kwi-14 m. Kulo mzekelo, umqadi ingasetyenziswa kunye necandelo elincinane emnqamlezweni. bahambahamba kuyanda ukubala ayikho kuyimfuneko, ekubeni kwanele ukuba kufakwe imiqadi kunye nail emacaleni. Kulo mzekelo, i element ongayi kushukuma. Noko ke, eyona nto iphambili icandelo ngqo angela bahambahamba. Kufuneka uthathe ingqalelo kwithambeka umqadi. Ukuze ubone umqadi cross-candelo kuyimfuneko ukumisela umthwalo ucinezelo.

design Podstropilnye

Zisetyenziswa kwizakhiwo kunye kweendonga ezimbini umthwalo yawo. izakhiwo Podstropilnye ziquka imiqadi, amalungiselelo kwicala elide eluphahleni. zilapha ngezantsi kubo zifakelwe, apho imiqadi ezibekwe. Kwakunye nenkxaso isenzo iindonga ngaphakathi wethala. Ezisekele amacala asentla oxhulumene kwi omnye komnye. Kuba babopha ngomthi okanye ngentsimbi amacwecwe. Ridge Run ilahlekile, ngoko ke saliphosa ibonakala. Retaining ibekwe ngezantsi nge-libalekela kulo. Ngenxa yoko, onge iyapheliswa. Kuba nozinzo ntsimbi zilapha kweli amazantsi ziyaxhonywa yokulwa. Ukuba uthathe umthwalo ucinezelo, osebenza kwipali enqamlezileyo. dilatation ukulungiswa eyenziwa crosswise.