Ulenga imiqadi: imihlobo, ufakelo

Kuyo nayiphi na ulwakhiwo eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukuba ukudala uphahla. Okubangela ukuba uxinzelelo ngomatshini ngekhephu ebusika, imithwalo umoya ezibalulekileyo kunye nesiphumo kwezulu. Kungenxa yoko le nto eluphahleni inkqubo yokuvelisa kufuna ingqalelo ekhethekileyo nokubulawa yonke imisebenzi kunye ngendlela kakhulu yaye ichaneke.

umahluko

Ukwakhiwa kophahla, kwakunye uninzi lwezinye imisebenzi ekwakhiweni yendlu wahlulwe ngezigaba eziliqela. Icebo of imiqadi ezijingayo ngomnye wabo. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba truss phezu kwiimpawu zobugcisa kwenkqubo ingahluka kakhulu.

Umahluko engundoqo ngumfuziselo eziqalelo inkxaso baxhonywa mauerlat noshowo ngamnye kwaye ngezantsi okanye encotsheni ephakeme inxenye. Oko kukuthi, ukuba ibekwe ngaphandle kwenkxaso nkqo, ngaphandle apho ayikwazi ukwenza ekubunjweni kwenkqubo naslonnoy.

Oko kunilungele ukuba ukusebenzisa i ngobuwena kwindawo engekho wokunikela iindonga ngaphakathi kwisakhiwo. Unako ukusebenzisa, ukuba kuyimfuneko, ukusetyenziswa kwesithuba eliphezulu ekhaya. Njengoko ukwakhiwa umzekelo yophahla mansard.

Uyilo imiqadi ejingayo ithwala kwizakhiwo ezindongeni caphukisayo umthwalo mechanical - kuba iindleko engaphephekiyo zokungabikho kuhlanganiselo isekela nkqo. Ngoko ke, ilungiselelo nkqubo truss a ayikho ngaphandle ebizwa ngokuba yi-screed. It is a element zingqengqisiweyo ukuyiqinisa imiqadi, enkosi olu donga zixhomekeke uxinezeleko ngaphantsi ingxa-. Kukwabalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba umgangatho ukuncitshiswa ibandla screed kwandisa ngempumelelo.

isithunzi

inkqubo Truss, awawenzayo selungiselelo ilenga, has a lot of yokusebenza yokusebenza kakuhle. Umgangatho kunye nokubulawa ofanelekileyo ukunika amandla awoneleyo uphahla kunye nokunciphisa imithwalo ifuthe bafakela kuyo. Xa kuthelekiswa nenkqubo naslonnoy, iye ubunzima ngaphantsi, leyo kunciphisa umthwalo ngokubanzi kwi izakhiwo udonga, ngokulandelelana, ngenxa yendlu.

Esebenzisa isicelo ohlukileyo ezimbalwa lwento kufuneka ukuba ukuyila izixhaso nesisitheliso.

Naslonnye and kubekwa ezijingayo

Ukuba indlu udonga ngaphakathi imali, ezininzi eziqhele ukusetyenziswa naslonnaya inkqubo ekwakhiweni kwendlu nje isakhiwo inkxaso. Kuye umahluko ophambili kukuba xa kukho into ezongezelelweyo yangaphakathi ukuba ugxininiso kwi kwikholam okanye elibizwa udonga ngaphakathi. Ngenxa yoko, umthwalo idluliselwa kukhutshelo kuphela kwi begoba. Phakathi inzuzo yalo yokwakha, kubalulekile ukuphawula ubunzima esezantsi kakhulu, kunye nemfuneko yokusebenzisa imali encinci kwezixhobo zokwakha.

Kuba Kwiimeko ezithile, umzekelo ekuzalweni okutsha yophahla eyodwa phezu kwiindibanisela eziliqela, ifuna ukusetyenziswa ngaxeshanye zombini iinkqubo naslonnyh nokumiswa. Imiqadi, naslonnoy iindawo isakhiwo kule ngobuwena kusetyenziswa kuloo ndlu apho kukho inkxaso yasekhaya, ngokulandelelana, apho akunjalo, ukulungisa enye inkqubo.

izigaba ukwakhiwa

Emva kokuba izigqibo uhlobo izixhaso zikwazi ukuthathwa ukwakhiwa kanye. Okokuqala, umzobo udandalaziso luyenziwa. Kufuneka ngoko nangoko kuqatshelwe ukuba enqwenelekayo owonithemba iingcali, kuba nonobungcaphephe obufunekayo kunye namava kulo mhlaba. Uqokelelo yobalo kwinqanaba ongenalwazi - umsebenzi kunokuba yingozi ukususela kuyilo sinokwenziwa swihoxo ezikhokelela kamva ukutshintsha ukuthembakala kwenkqubo yophahla okanye ukutshatyalaliswa kwayo.

Xa umzobo idaliwe, oko liqalisa ukwenza imisebenzi engaphezulu, okt ufakelo mauerlat. Afanelekile imiqadi ngomthi ukuba icandelo umnqamlezo 20x20 cm, ibekwe phezu kweendonga kwebala kunye namandla. Kufuneka uhlawule ingqalelo kukuba mauerlat kufuneka ukukhuselwa ukufuma, ngoko kukho izinto ezizodwa imvelaphi inyuselwa khona ngaphantsi kwalo, umzekelo, izinto zokuxhoma uphahla.

Xa usebenzisa ibhloko okanye lwezitena ukuze kwakhiwe iindonga, kufuneka ukuba enze sokulinganisa le screed eziphathekayo kwi kwimida yayo, uze kuphela abeke mauerlat.

Ke ukuze imiqadi imathiriyeli kuhle ukusebenzisa i ibloko ngomthi nge cross icandelo 20X5 cm. Ukuba kuyimfuneko, wabona abantu waya ubude efanelekileyo, ngecala esezantsi emanxebani ezizodwa zenziwe ukuqinisekisa ukuba siyeke a mauerlat esiqinileyo.

imiqadi Ulenga ingafakwa kusetyenziswa xitsunga apho anika ngqongqo ezongezelelweyo zesakhiwo. Ekulungiseleleni lo yophahla ngaphandle uqhagamshelwano inxalenye ephezulu kufuneka kwenziwe kugqaliso kwaye hayi wayesaphila.

Kukho iindlela ezimbini ukuyinyusa: ufakelo wokuqala ngambini ongaphandle iinyawo kunye Ridge, waza wabeka abanye, mhlawumbi ukuze. _________bakhetha lo ngobuwena yokuqala, ekubeni ngenxa luyafumaneka ekongeni ngexesha kwakunye uyilo inokuthenjwa, ezinzile kwiintlobo ezininzi imithwalo.

Kuba nokuveliswa omfuthelayo basebenzisa izinto ngokufanayo emiqadini. Retaining shelwe ngokuxwesileyo. Njengokuba bekutshiwo ngaphambili, i-asezantsi indawo yayo, ngcono ke iimpawu zayo. Kuyimfuneko ukuba ukuthatha ingqalelo le nyaniso, nto leyo ibaluleke ngokukodwa ukuba uceba ukusebenzisa isithuba imbala. Xa kungekho iplanga ubungakanani efanelekileyo ukwenza zisancumisa angafaka isicelo umnwe mgawuli ngokuhlangeneyo.

Ulenga imiqadi: uyilo kunye namacandelo

Xa ufaka inkqubo ukunqunyanyiswa yindlela ebalulekileyo kokuxhuma nodes. Ukongezelela beqwalasele kunye ngezikhonkwane okanye ngezikhonkwane, ukuba nezixandileyo ababekho neenkozo zepistasi, iibholiti, imigodi eweva ukulungiselela le njongo kwiindawo ezithile.

Kunyanzelekile ukuba usebenzise ukucuthwa lobuchwepheshe. Kuba truss compound nganye iziqalelo nkqubo kufuneka zenziwe izinto ubuncinane ezimbini lokuvala. Ngokomzekelo, ababini ngokuqinisa ngezikhonkwane eqwalasele okanye izikhonkwane, ilandelwe yi nokutsala yentonga azinamsonto.

izinto nekhethini

Xa inkqubo ifakwe imiqadi isisitheliso, kubalulekile ukukhumbula malunga nokusekwa uphahla. Kunqweneleka ukuba ubude bawo ekuqaleni walala ubungakanani imiqadi, kodwa iindleko zokwakha ngenxa oku kwanda. Ukuze mali nezixhobo zokukhabela yokuvelisa isicelo ibhodi mbini, ogama parameters eziquka 10x5 cm. Senziwe ngenxa yolo "intethe", ubude bawo kufuneka zikhethwe ukwenzela ukuba zilala phezu imiqadi kwi phezulu ubuncinane-50 cm. Lokuvala ziindawo yangaphakathi .

Xa mauerlat wenza cuts efunekayo ubungakanani yoqhagamshelo ezingqongqo. Kuba azidlulisele ekwandeni amandla ngomatshini phakathi "intothoviyane" Kwakhona esisigxina reference bar ubungakanani encinane, nto leyo esiqingqiweyo ecaleni wophahla kunye inxalenye mauerlat eliphezulu.

izixhaso Compound yenziwa sifana kunye lempundu. In lwalo yokuqala, imiqadi nesisitheliso ayinakutshintshwa ukuya kwenye nenye bolting. Kwiindawo amandla yesibini eqhotyoshelweyo iipleyiti, ezisetyenziswa ipleyiti yesinyithi okanye ibhodi.

Lwesakhiwo izixhaso ezimbaxa ukuqinisa lokumisa lwenziwa orthogonal ngokungqalileyo notching ukuba izinyo elinye okanye kabini, iipleyiti okanye neebhodi.

Sae Arch unxantathu

Loo ngumfuziselo imiqadi truss elula. Isiseko neengqameko kwizinto ezintathu: umqadi ube mnye oxwesileyo (ukuqinisa) apho oqondela nesisitheliso bube kukolulwa ezisekele kwiziko okanye emazantsi, kunye kophahla imiqadi imilenze ezimbini edityanisiweyo phezulu. Retaining wabumba iintonga zentsimbi okanye imiqadi zomthi, ithatha phezu amandla ukuhlela ukuze idluliselwe iindonga zangaphandle umthwalo nkqo indlu. Ngenxa yoko, kuba lula kakhulu kwicandelo inkxaso kwifama kubume eludongeni: ibizwa shelwe endaweni ebhodini yesiqhelo mauerlat, esetyenziselwa emi- umthwalo okhoyo.

Xa indawo isiseko emiqadini ibekwe retaining imfuneko ukwenza umgangatho yokugcina. Isetyenziselwa ukuxhasa imigangatho esiphakathi. Kwezinye iimeko, ukuqinisa imvelaphi inyuselwa khona kwinqanaba eliphezulu. Ngoko ukwandisa uxinezeleko eqine lowo uwe phezu kwayo, kodwa izixhaso kubude yaguquka ukuvumela imikhosi.

arch zendlela ne evulwa

Le fama abangaboniyo ikhangeleka ngathi kophahla gable kunye imiqadi isisitheliso, njengoko kuchaziwe apha ngasentla, ngokohlobo kanxantathu. Umahluko eziphambili kwinkxaso isebenzisa eludongeni. Le transom arch imiqadi isiseko ezisisigxina vee, ezi ke ziyafumaneka mauerlat. Ezindongeni, ukongeza imikhosi nkqo beze nazo kanye spacers. Le midspan ekhwele ngokuqinisa (kule ndlela, ibizwa ngokuba evulwa abafileyo) kwaye isetyenziswa ucinezelo. Ngenxa yoko, elula entabeni imiqadi kunye nemiqadi.

Arch ukumiswa zendlela

Ukuba ezisekele kophahla ijinga na ububanzi ngaphezu kwe-6 m, kunzima ngokwaneleyo ukuze kuxhotyiswe ifama element emithathu elula. Okokuqala, ngenxa yokuba kuveliswe le kuqhinwe le ubukhulu kuthatha ixesha elininzi efuna bar. Okwesibini, SAGs kutsala elide embindini nobunzima enzima. Ngoko ke, ukunqunyanyiswa isetyenziswa njenge arch supplement - kwiinkcukacha okuhlanganisa retaining embindini kunye incopho Arch. Isiqalelo retaining ubunjwe iinxalenye ezimbini, ngokuthi bolting. Wooden ukunqunyanyiswa ubizwa umakhulu wakhe, nentsimbi - tyazhem.

uhlobo lomnyango arch braces

Ukunciphisa le aphambuke, efumaneka imiqadi, ezikhaphukhaphu kwinqugwala ukunqunyanyiswa adityaniswe, leyo akathandi imiqadi iziqalelo chweba kwi embindini kweminwe. Ngoko ukuze abutment ngokwabo ezikhaphukhaphu ukumiswa kusetyenziswa.

isiphelo

Xa kwisigqibo ngentla kubalulekile ukuphawula ukuba ngenxa uphumezo eyiyo iintlawulo kunye nemisebenzi zizonke, imiqadi sijinga yi Performance lingayivelisi naslonnym. Ukongeza uzinzo kunye namandla phezulu, ukusetyenziswa kwale lokwakha kuvumela ukwenza isithuba imbala, elungele ukusetyenziswa kuzo neenjongo zorhwebo okanye ezinye. Kwimeko ilungiselelo yophahla mansard, le nkqubo truss yeyona ndlela efanelekileyo.