Ibhalbhu ilayite Edison yakhe. Ngubani owavela ibhalbhu wokuqala ukukhanya? Kutheni lonke uzuko waya Edison?

Zesiqhelo eewathi isibane, nto leyo lisetyenziswa phantse kuyo yonke imizi, udla ngokubizwa ngokuba ibhalbhu Edison ukukhanya. Imbali kwepensile babungelulanga. Phambi kukhanya okwenziwe ukunika izigidi zabantu, ifikile indlela ende yophuhliso.

iglowubhu ukukhanya Edison yakhe

American Thomas Alva Edison - ngomnye wabantu abaninzi izama kweli hlabathi. Enakho 4 amawaka awodwa izinto ezahlukeneyo. Lo mntu waba yimbangi igramafoni, kusungulwe, microphone carbon, Kinetoscope, ibhetri nickel-zentsimbi kunye nezinye izixhobo. Ekubeni igama lakhe linxulunyaniswa ingcamango yokudala ziqhelekileyo zigqengezelayo.

Noko ke, Edison ibhalbhu ilayite icarbon filament ngaphakathi wayengekho wokuqala ehlabathini. nabasunguli ngaphezu kweshumi asebenza kwi ingxaki ngokudala zenza umthombo ukukhanya. izibane wabonakala iimilo ezahlukeneyo kunye nobukhulu, leyo zicwangciswe ngaphakathi bamboo, platinum, kunye carbon nefayibha. Abaninzi kubo baye ababhaliswe ngokusemthethweni.

Kutheni phakathi abayili abaninzi kangaka ehlabathini lonke udumo waya kuphela Edison? engundoqo indima yawo wabonakaliswa hayi ingcamango yokudala isibane, kwaye ukunika indlela yokwenza indlela ekulula ukuyisebenzisa, azibizi kwaye ayafikeleleka.

Imizamo yokuqala

Kunzima ukutsho ngqo ngubani na ke umbhali ingcamango ukwenza ibhalbhu. Kodwa ngaphambi kokuba kubekho isibane Edison yakhe, amakhulu uhlolisiso nezinto isaziso izinto ezininzi ezifanayo sele yenziwe. Ekuqaleni, Arc apho, yaye ngoko ibhalbhu ezingqengezelayo. Kwinkulungwane XIX kokufunyanwa arc yombane ikhokelela nabasunguli ukuba ingcamango udale i kukhanya okwenziwe. Oku ezifunekayo ukuqhagamshela iingcingo ezimbini idityaniswe umbane, uze emva koko bahlukana kancinane omnye komnye. Ngoko kukhanya kwavela phakathi kwala macingo.

Kukho ubungqina bokuba Belgian Gerard kuqala wadala isibane ngentonga carbon. Emithonjeni isixhobo yangoku, kwaye uvelisa intonga ukukhanya. Kamva Kwazeka oko malunga eliNgesi Delarue, isikhundla amalahle platinum ntambo.

Ezi iibhalbhu zithathwa ezifunyaniswe ezixabisekileyo, kodwa ukusetyenziswa kwazo lukhatshwa nobunzima kakhulu. Platinum olulingana kwakholeka eninzi, asinguye wonk 'Andinamali yaneleyo ukusebenzisa isibane. intonga Carbon iindleko kakhulu, kodwa ixesha elide ukuba akwanelanga.

inkqubela ecacileyo

Ngowe-1854, weewotshi waseJamani Genrih Gobel kudala isibane ngentonga carbon obhityileyo, Okuya kuba mhlophe ngokuba ixesha elide ngaphambili. Ukuphumeza oku, i-abacebi nempumelelo ekusebenziseni cleaner. Lamp Gobel kuye ixesha elide siyathandaza, kunye neminyaka kuphela kamva isaziso ibhalbhu yokuqala, ubulungeleyo ukusetyenziswa practical (ukuqaphela Edison lomenzi ayisebenzi).

Ngomhla kuphuculo mshini osebenza Dzhozef Suon, Alexander Lodygin. kwasungulwa "isibane ndixakene" yokugqibela lobunikazi ebaleka kwi intonga carbon emoyeni. Ngowe-1875, umahluko eziphawulekayo Pavel Yablochkov, wasungula "amakhandlela zombane." iinjineli Russian wasebenzisa olulingana kaolin, nto leyo efunekayo xa cleaner. izibane Yablochkov esetyenziselwa ukukhanyisa estratweni ezisetyenziswa kakhulu eYurophu.

ekuphuculeni indlela

Eyona ndlela iphambili Kudala kwaziwa. A bar ye material zinikwe emoyeni kwaye ezifakelwe yangoku yombane. Yaqhubeka ukukhetha umbandela elifanelekileyo electrode, kuba bugcwele elide.

Ngowe-1878, Edison waba nomdla ekufumaneni izisombululo ngempumelelo ebhalbhu ukukhanya. Umsunguli enza yi kwetyala practical: iqashiso karboniziruoval zezityalo, ababambeleyo izinto ezahlukileyo njenge ntambo. Emva kokuba iimvavanyo 6000 uyakwazi ukwenza isibane ngoqalo amalahle, nto leyo esebenza iiyure ezingama-40. bulb Edison ukukhanya iqalisa ukuba kuveliswa endle, kwanyanzeleka ukuba imarike yonke isibane. Ngowe-1890, injineli Lodygin abhalise ukusetyenziswa intonga Tungsten, yaye kamva uthengisa inkampani patent General Electric.

Merit Edison

Xa ukuphuhlisa isibane, Edison waqonda ukuba ukongeza nikhethe iimathiriyeli kunye noyilo womatshini kubalulekile. Ngoko ke qulunqa ikepusi esijijwayo, a iCartridge ngenxa isibane, ukudala iifyuzi, iimitha, itshintshela kuqala, umbane. Uninzi components zokukhanya ukuba Edison ceba ukuba umgangatho kwaye isasetyenziswa ehlabathini jikelele.

Abaqambi wenza ukuze iibhalbhu ukukhanya ziyafumaneka kubantu bonke. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, waqala ukuthengisa kubo ngexabiso eliphantsi. iglowubhu ukukhanya Edison yaba ezixabisa ngaphezu kancinane nje dollar. Zezomntu izicwangciso fyabo entsha American kwenziwe lula kangangokuba amakhandlela wax Kubonakala zodidi kuthelekiswa kuye. Fast iza kunciphisa iindleko yaye kwangaxeshanye kuvelisa imbewu eninzi yamaxhoba. Kungekudala ixabiso isibane laba malunga 22 eesenti. iphupha Umsunguli ebomini - iibhalbhu ukukhanya uvele ekhaya yonke.

iibhalbhu Edison elingaphakathi

Kungokunje, iibhalbhu zixhaphakile. Ba ziyafikeleleka kwaye kulula kakhulu ukuyisebenzisa. Ngaphezu koko, impi kweentlobo ezahlukeneyo kunye imizekelo nezibane. ukubaluleka zazo zepraktikhali libunile kungena imvelaphi, kwaye ngoku ziye zaba yinto ebalulekileyo lokubhalela ngumphelelisi ekhaya.

"Bulb Edison kaThixo ukukhanya" (jonga ngentla ifoto) - igama elithile uhlobo nebhalbhu zokukhanyisa. Bona Zazihonjiswe ngendlela style Retro, kwaye ziyafana nezo ezazisetyenziswa ngemihla uThomas Edison. izibane ezinjalo ihlaba ukukhanya ethambileyo mnandi, yiba indlela nebhalbhu yeglasi okanye ibhola intambo esiqinileyo. iiglowubhu ukukhanya Edison kaThixo adla ngokusetyenziswa zocwangciso izithuba kawonke - bars, cafes, okanye ukuyila igumbi lokuhlala kunye okulala.