Inkqubo ulwazi: iintlobo kunye nemizekelo. Yintoni na - system ulwazi?

Ukusasaza ulwazi, ukuqokelelwa ukuqhubeka kwalo ukubakhona yaye okurisayikilisha kuluntu mihla ngenxa izixhobo ezikhethekileyo: yabantu, zemali, ezobugcisa kunye nezinye. Ngaxa ethile, ezi data ziqokelelwa kwindawo enye, ukuba benziwe ngokwemiqathango echazwe, idibene ibe kwisiseko ekhethekileyo lula-uku-setyenziswa. Inkqubo yolwazi sisixhobo ngendlela apho processing of data ezifunyenweyo. Umsebenzi iphambili ye IP kukunika ingcaciso efanelekileyo ngabantu. Ngamanye amazwi, ukuba iyaneliseka kukho imfuneko kwi into data ngaphakathi kwindawo kwangaphambili. Imveliso ngemisebenzi yeeseti data inkqubo ulwazi yakhiwe sikhokelo, ezahlukeneyo iindidi zamaxwebhu. Kamva kweli nqaku sihlolisise ukuqeshwa, imisebenzi kunye neempawu kwezi zakhiwo.

ngezigaba

Iinkqubo zolwazi, ngokuxhomekeke kuhlobo lweenkcukacha ezifunyenweyo bohlulwa babe ngamaqela amabini. Eyokuqala isakhiwo, umsebenzi wakhe ikhutshwa phandle yezikim enzima. Ezi nkqubo bayakwazi ukusingatha iinkcukacha ngokuzimeleyo. Olu didi lubandakanya, umzekelo, inkqubo ezenzekelayo. Iinkqubo ulawulo Iqela lesibini. Abanalo iisekethe ulwazi processing ephucukileyo. inkqubo Ulwazi - isakhiwo ukuba lunika iinkcukacha isicelo okhethekileyo. It yenzelwe retrieval ngokukhawuleza kunye nokuziswa ulwazi ngendlela elula.

inkqubo nolwazi. feature

Eyona njongo iphambili yale sakhiwo ukuqokelelwa, ukwenziwa ukuba ukugcinwa kunye nokubonelela ngolwazi kubasebenzisi kwakwenziwa isicelo soko. Uhlobo kunye nesiqulatho ulwazi olunikiweyo iphenjelelwa amaninzi reference yokugcina data. Inkqubo yokukhupha ulwazi oluceliweyo ngokusekelwe uphendlo associative kwi iinkcukacha (yokugcina), elandelwa kuqhutywe ngazo ngendlela esebenziseka lula. kwinkqubo yolwazi kwicandelo yokugcina ivumela ukuba Ukuqokelela idata ukugcina ixesha elide. Kungenzeka kwakhona ukuba babelane ngolwazi kwimithombo yangaphandle ababhalisele. Umfundi omnye zinikeze zilandelayo imizekelo: Iinkqubo Ulwazi: isiqinisekiso ezidolophini, zokuthunyelwa yimibutho yeenkonzo, amasebe uphando yokugcina iinkcukacha kunye nabanye.

Xa isakhiwo phantsi ingqalelo luquka izinto eziliqela. Awona macandelo aphambili equka inkqubo ulwazi zezi:

1. yokubeka notitshala.
2. izixhobo ezizodwa ukuba ukuguqula ulwazi ngendlela efikelelekayo kubathengi.
3. imijelo yonxibelelwano.
4. Le umba ezizodwa (i "ingqondo" ngesakhiwo, CPU) oqhubekekisa umlambo data (iqela labantu okanye umatshini computing).

Types systems directory

Kukho iindidi ezimbini izakhiwo: ezineengongoma ezinobunyaniso amaxwebhu. Kwimeko yokuqala, iinkqubo zolwazi-reference izikimu ukuba isekelwe ekunikezeleni isethi eqhelekileyo zibakala: Igama le nkqubo, igama izinto, ixabiso kwabanye. A Uhlobo documentary sistim kunibonelela ulwazi olugcinwe kulo ngohlobo amaxwebhu: imithetho, imimiselo, iziqinisekiso, njalo-njalo. Structures uhlobo ezinobunyaniso ziyahluka kwezinye entsonkothileyo nganye lweenkcukacha. Iintlobo elula iinkqubo ezinjalo ezo zisekelwe kumgaqo ukufuna efunekayo inkcazelo yogcino yayo. iziphaluka Okuninzi ezintsonkothileyo ezisetyenziswa yi processing lwesemantiki iinkcukacha abanazo. Ngenxa yoko, bayakwazi, umzekelo, ukukhetha ulwazi oluyimfuneko (umhlathi mhaka) kwetekisi zizonke xwebhu kuphela. Le inkulu nokusetyenziswa ngendlela ebonakalayo kwinkqubo yolwazi olufunyenwe elisekelwe kwindibaniselwano iindidi ezimbini: uxwebhu-eziyinyaniso.

Aissa: incazelo

The degree of esizisebenzelayo neenkqubo ze kulungiswe ulwazi inempembelelo ebalulekileyo kwintsebenzo naluphi na uncedo. Kulo mba, yakutsha nje ngokubanzi kuphuhliswa size sisetyenziswe iinkqubo uphendlo nokuhambisa, ukuqokelelwa kwedatha esakhiweni. Zisekelwe kwiikhompyutha ezinamandla zombane. Ngokusebenzisa uphuhliso nokusetyenziswa lweekhompyutha lwenze incediswe kakhulu kwinkqubo ukuvuselela nokugcina ulwazi. Iimpawu ezininzi Aissa zezi:

1. Icandelo zobugcisa. Oku ungumnikazi ngqo ikhompyutha, omele ubume ingqondo, iseti izixhobo ezincedisayo ngokunika ingcaciso izixhobo igalelo-output, kuvumela umsebenzisi ukuba ukusebenza kunye database, izixhobo zokugcina data ngekhompyutha (disks, amakhasethi owahluke ngokwemvelo, njalo njalo).
2. Ukugcinwa kweenkcukacha kunye software. Izikhokhelo Inkqubo yolwazi automated yaye enxulumene ngokusebenzisa izixhobo eqhelekileyo (teleprinters). Nabo ke, ukuba elidityaniswe ngqo kwi computer nge ngefoni okanye kusungulwe channels. Ezithandwa kakhulu nababhalisi ezifunyenweyo consoles kunye screens eyakhelwe-ngaphakathi. Icilikishe kubonisa ingcaciso evela kwinkqubo Help. Kwakhona mayixhotyiswe keyboard consoles ezizodwa, apho ulawulo kunye idatha efunekayo.

isakhiwo Aissa

inkqubo yolwazi ezenzekelayo isekelwe kwindibaniselwano zokugcina ezininzi. Bathi nazo zonke iinkcukacha eziyimfuneko ukuze isikolo sisebenze le sakhiwo. Iinkcukacha bacwangciseke ngendlela ethile, kuthathelwa ingqalelo zonke iimfuno kwifomu, uhlobo kunye nexesha isicelo emva kokuba isicelo lomsebenzisi. Umgangatho iinkcukacha eziqulathwe kule nkqubo ukuhlaziya umgangatho wabo kunye nesakhiwo kuxhomekeke ngqo kwi iimpawu kunye nobungakanani yokugcina.

Mathematical Software Aissa

Kukho iseti ezizodwa lweenkqubo ukuba enze ubuchule ezithile lokuguqula iinkcukacha kunye nokulawula zonke iinkqubo eziqhubeka ngaphakathi kwinkqubo. Olu hlobo software kwenziwa nge "iilwimi ezisesikweni" nje ezimbalwa:

• ihlabathi ngaphandle esebenzisa apho rhumela ivelisa isicelo kwindlela;
• ulwazi;
• nezinto zesiqhelo;
• kweenkqubo.

ukuvelisa

Imveliso nayiphi na inkqubo reference banazo:

• Lo mbutho noshowo iinkqubo ezisekelwe kwi-processing ezilandelanayo;
• ulwabiwo ngokupheleleyo kwemithombo yawo kunye neendlela zokusebenza;
• nokucaca ukuqonda imiyalelo yomsebenzisi.

Kwakhona, ukwanda avareji kwemveliso Aissa luya kufikelelwa ngokusebenzisa ukuqaliswa software zamva. Ngoko, ke, ichaphazela iinkqubo ukubala kwaye ivumela ukusebenza kwimo ezininzi.

features Aissa

Umsebenzi kolwazi kunye reference iinkqubo mihla ngokusekelwe kwinkcazelo eziphambili kweli abasebenzisi nkonzo, ukhetho wemisebenzi ebalulekileyo. Ngenxa yoko kukho inkqubo entsha ulungelelwaniso izicelo kunye nolwazi imo kukukhupha ngamathuba athile ngexesha inkqubo. Kwiimeko ulwazi non-esezantsi izicwangciso khangela, le nkqubo iyakwazi, ngaphandle kokusebenzisa izixhobo ezongezelelweyo, ukuze ufumane iinkcukacha eziyimfuneko. isakhiwo Modern nga ngaphandle ukulahleka kwexesha kunye nokubasemgangathweni kwengcaciso ukuze abasebenzisi abaninzi ngexesha elinye (inani ngqo ixhomekeke inkxaso yobugcisa). isicelo sayo Aissa lufumaneka kumacandelo afana neshishini kunye nezolimo, ngoncedo iinkqubo automated ukuthatha indawo kumashishini kunye nemibutho nezifundo zenzululwazi. ulwazi zithandwa kakhulu kwaye zomthetho inkqubo evumela ababhaliselwe uvimba omkhulu ukufumana ulwazi oluyimfuneko kwi isenzo olumisiweyo eceliweyo.