Intsingiselo yegama elitsha: ulingano ... lu ...

Igama elithi "ukulingana" lithetha ntoni? Umbutho wokuqala ngowamafilimu edumileyo igama elifanayo malunga ne-utopia, ilizwe elifanelekileyo elizayo. Kwaye okwesibini ... Lapha asiyi kuhamba phambili, kodwa qwalasela yonke into ngokufanelekileyo.

Amazwi

Yonke into ihamba, yonke into iyatshintsha. Musa ukuhlala kunye nolwimi. Amanye amagama ayanyamalala ngaphandle kokulandelelana, amanye angabonakali. Okokugqibela, malunga namagama amatsha, kuya kuxutyushwa kule nqaku, oko kukuthi, malunga neyunithi ye-lexical "unit equilibrium". Injongo yalo itholakala kwi "Inkcazelo yamagama angaphandle aquka ulwimi lwesiRashiya" phantsi kohlelo lwe-A.N. Chudinov. Nangona kunjalo, kwisiqendu sesichazi magama igama linendlela eyahlukileyo - "equilibre" - kwaye ithathwa njengengasebenzi, phantse ngaphandle kokusetyenziswa. Kucacile ukuba ngokubunjwa kweelusiya kolwimi lwesiRashiya kukho iimilo ezimbini, ezifana nesandi kunye neentsingiselo ezifanayo. Omnye waya kwinqanaba elithi "incwadi", kwaye enye-sele isetyenziswe, nangona kungenjalo kwimihla ngemihla. Ngako oko kuyimfuneko kakhulu ukuqonda ukuba yintoni - "ulingano" - kwaye "yidliwa".

"Ukulingana": intsingiselo yegama

Njengoko kuchaziwe ngentla, ngesiRashiya kukho igama elifanayo, elilodwa eliyingcambu "equilibre" okanye "equilibre", leyo, ngokutsho kweencwadi ezininzi zoncwadi, ihunyushwa ngokuthi "ukulingana". Kwavela kwisiFrentshi ulwimi - equilbre.

"Ulingano" ngumlingano, kwaye waya eRashiya ukusuka kulwimi lwaseMisty Albion. Kodwa akaveli kwisiNgesi. Uvela phi na ilizwi? Ukhokho wakhe uthathwa njengeLatini. Le yinto ebizwa ngokuba yiboleko engabonakaliyo, oko kukuthi, utshintsho lwegama ukusuka kwelinye ulwimi ukuya kolunye ngoncedo lwelwimi oluphakathi. Inkqubo echaseneyo "ngokuboleka ngqo". Ngoko, ngokuguqulelwa ngokoqobo ukusuka kwisiLatini -ququus - "lilingana", kunye ne-libra - "izikali". Ngamanye amagama, "ukulingana" kukulinganisela, ukulingana, ukulinganisela, njengokuthi "ibhalansi".

Amagama-amagama

Phakathi kwazo zonke ezi zikhankanywe apha, umxholo wokuba "uboleke" uphindwe kaninzi. Kule nqaku, kunokuthiwa yintloko. Kutheni? Okokuqala, i-equilibria yi-lexeme ebolekelwe. Kwaye, okwesibini, umbuzo usaqhubeka uphikisana, nokuba ngaba kuyimfuneko ukusebenzisa igama lasemzini, ukuba ngolwimi lwazo lwalunomfanekiso walo osetshenziswe ixesha elide, ngaba ulwimi oluhlambulukileyo luvale ulwimi?

Kule akhawunti, kukho iinkampu ezimbini ezichaseneyo. Abanye banokuzithemba, ngokukodwa ekukhanyeni kweemeko zepolitiki zandula, ukuba amagama anjalo ayingxelo yefestile, kwaye inobungozi kulwimi. Kukho ukwesaba, kwaye akusekho nto, ukuba ngamazwi angaphandle okanye emva koko aya kuzalisa intetho yethu kwaye ngokuthe ngcembe aya kususa amagama abantu baseRashiya asekuqaleni kwimemori yabantu. Kwaye akukho ulwimi - akukho bantu.

Umzekelo, njengoko kukhankanywe ngasentla, umlinganiso ngumlinganiso, oko akuthi, kungekhona nje kuphela umfanekiso wayo obonwayo ngolwimi lwethu lwangaphandle, kodwa kunye neengqamaniso ezininzi: ukulinganisela, ukulinganisela, ukuvisisana. Kutheni siza kutshabalalisa lwethu ulwazi?

Olunye uluvo

Naluphi na uhlanga, alukwazi ukuhlala kwaye luphuhlise ngokwahlukana ngokupheleleyo kwabanye. Kwinqanaba elikhulu okanye elincinci, kodwa lidibana nabanye abantu. Umzekelo, urhwebo, uqoqosho-ishishini, ezoqoqosho, kunye nezopolitiko ziyakhula. Kwaye ngenxa yoko-ithintelo linye lwabantu kunye. Ulwimi lubonakalisa ngokuthe ngqo ulwalamano olunjalo, kuba kuyona ndlela ebalulekileyo yokunxibelelana. Ngoko ke, umntu akanakutsho ukuba i-lexicon yaseRashiya okanye nayiphi na ilwimi ayidlulanga kwaye ayiqhubeki ukudlula indlela yayo yokukhula. Ukuba sithatha ngalinye lamagama ethu kwaye sijonge ngokukude, kuvela ukuba uninzi aludala ngamaRashiya, kodwa kubonakala ngathi ngenxa yokuboleka. Asikwazi nje ngoku. Siyakhumbula kuphela oko kwenzekayo ngoku kutshanje, kwaye kwenzeka ntoni kumaxesha mandulo sele sele yindalo.

Ngako oko, amagama angaphandle angagcini nje kuphela, kodwa kunye ne-fat plus plus, kuba ngokulondolozwa kwesigama esisisiseko kunye negrama yokuncedisa ulwimi, ukuphelisa ukuguquka nokuzalisa ukungabonakali kwiso lokungabi nalutho-ukulahleka kweempawu ze-semantic. Ngokomzekelo, sisazi ukuba "ukulingana" ngumlinganiso, kodwa kwimijikelezo enjengokuthi "umlinganiso womtshato" okanye "ukulingana kwelahla lwamanzi", kuyazwakala kufanelekile kwaye kunomsindo ohlukileyo, ogcweleyo. Akunjalo?

Iyonke

Ngenxa yokujonga oku kwangaphambili, exhasa impembelelo kwezinye iilwimi "ngaphandle kweelwimi" ngesiRashiya, enye inyaniso ithetha. Makhe siqwalasele ngomzekelo wegama elihlalutyiweyo.

Lexem "equilibre" okanye "equilibre" ngiselo "yokulinganisela" yafika kwisiRashiya kwithuba elidlulileyo kwaye ubuncinci kwi-18-19 inkulungwane yayisetyenziswa ngokubanzi. Umzekelo, sifunda iileta A.O. Rosset ku A.O. USmirnova, intombi yesithunzi senkundla yaseRashiya yaseRussia: "I-Europe yaseYurophu iyamemeza ngengubo kwaye iyamoyika impembelelo yaseRussia! Luhlobo luni lwe-kulibre, xa iminyaka engama-40 edlulileyo, iNgilani yavuselela lonke elaseYurophu ngokumelene neFransi, njengoko ngoku ixhobile lonke elaseYurophu ngokumelene neRashiya. " Emva koko, ngokuhamba kwexesha, imfashini yonke into yesiFrentshi iyinto engafanelekanga, kwaye le ngxaki iphela kwaye iphuma ekusebenziseni imihla ngemihla, njengamanye amagama aseFrentshi. Nangona kunjalo, imvelo ayinyamezeli ukungafihli, njengokuba, ngokwenene, "injini engunaphakade" - ulwimi, kwaye endaweni ye "okulibra" iza "ukulingana". Ngamanye amazwi, ukuboleka yinkqubo yemvelo. Ukusuka kwicala lomntu oqhelekileyo kubonakala ngathi ngumvuzo wokwenza imfashini, kodwa ngokwenene kuyisenzo sokudala, esisebenzayo kwaye silwela ukulinganisa ukulinganisela, ukuvumelanisa, nokufumana okungenasiphelo ilungelo kunye nokusika yonke into esele ifile.