Iplanethi usondeleyo Sun: incazelo kunye neempawu

Ngokoqobo kuba akukho mfihlelo ilanga lijikeleza inkitha imizimba yasezulwini, leyo, ukongeza iiplanethi, kunye neesathelayithi zabo ziquka enomsila, izijikelezi-langa ezincinane kunye nezinye amasuntswana. izazinzulu Modern bakwazi ukubukela nabo nje kuphela ngeeteleskopu kunye nezinye izixhobo, kodwa baphumeze uphononongo leesampulu ezifunyenwe ngokusetyenziswa ixhokonxa. Konke oku ngoku ngokuzithemba ukuphendula imibuzo emininzi malunga esondele Sun, izijikelezi, ukuthwasa kwenyanga kunye nezinye imizimba yasezulwini.

inkcazo ngokubanzi izijikelezi-langa

Xa zizonke, njengenxalenye yenkqubo yethu elanga iiplanethi ezisithoba. Ngamnye kubo uneempawu zawo ngeenkwenkwezi zesakhiwo. Ngokufanayo, Umhlaba, bonke zijikeleza kungekuphela ngeenxa axis wayo; kodwa ngeenxa umzimba eqhelekileyo wasezulwini. Iplanethi usondeleyo Sun - yi Mercury, Venus, uMhlaba Mars. Kananjalo ngokuba "neeplanethi ezisentlabathini". iimpawu zabo eziqhelekileyo zincinane kakhulu ngobukhulu, ukuxhaphaka izinto esiluqilima isakhiwo, ukungabikho emakhonkcweni, kwakunye inani elincinane-Hewana. Emva kwabo kuza iiplanethi kaZeyus, eziquka nguZeyus ngokwawo, kunye likaSaturn, Uranus noNeptune. Bona lubonakala ngokuba umoya ngokwanelisayo kwintsunguzi, kwakunye amacandelo ayisindi olungqonge engundoqo. Lujikelezile kuzo zikhona ring eyenziwa kwezinto batyumkileyo uphendule satellites ezininzi. Yona iPluto, oko kusoloko ebumnyameni, yaye ezinye izazinzulu musa bakugqala emhlabeni.

Mercury

Phantse wonke schoolchild uyazi ngento umhlaba ikufutshane elangeni. Lo Mercury. Ubukhulu bonke abameli nkqubo nguye kwindawo yesibhozo. An into umdla kukuba nawokuthwasa likaSaturn noJupiter (Ganymede kunye Titan ngokulandelelana) makhulu ubukhulu. ububanzi Mercury kaThixo ngu 4880 km, kwaye orbit kwayo kumgama leyo ilingana phantse izigidi ezingama-58 km ukusuka elangeni. Ngokwembali le planethi I Yaphaphazela yeza kum enye kuphela inqanawa ( "Mariner-10" ngo-1974-1975), ngoko ke kukho ulwazi malunga nama-45 ekhulwini kuphela kumphezulu wayo. Ngokutsho izazinzulu zophando, ukuhla ubushushu apha ku ezahlukene 90 ukuya ⁷⁰⁰ K.

Iplanethi usondeleyo Sun Kuthi efanayo eNyangeni. Inyaniso yokuba uswele isitya ziitectonic plates, kodwa phezu kukho inani elikhulu yimingxuma kwaye mawa emikhulu. Xa i parameter afana uxinano, Mercury kule nkqubo kwindawo yesibini emva Umhlaba. Lo mhlaba otsalayo planethi buthathaka. amandla ayo kuthelekiswa Umhlaba izihlandlo ezilikhulu ezincinane. Mercury akanayo Hewana, yaye kuyabonakala nkqu ngeliso lenyama.

Venus

Yiplanethi yesibini, ngokwendlela umgama esifanele siwutsibe ukusuka ilanga Venus. Kwimeko apho isiseko ingummiselo ezifana ubukhulu, oko kwindawo yesithandathu. Ubukhulu bayo kungaphezu kwe-12 ophosa, kwaye okuwo million 108 yeekhilomitha ukusuka elangeni. Eyokuqala iziphekepheke, leyo sahanjiswa Venus, yaqala ngo-1962 "Mariner-2".

Xa kuthelekiswa Umhlaba, Venus ujikeleza ngokucotha kakhulu. Ngenxa ixesha amaxesha ayo okuhlangana orbit kunye ujikelezo, njalo kuthi icala elinye kuphela kulo mhlaba. Idla ngokuba Venus "dade uMhlaba kaThixo" ngenxa yokufana kwawo okukhulu. Kwaye ke inyaniso, ubukhulu bayo ephakathi 95% iplanethi yethu, yaye ubunzima - 80%. Kakhulu ezifanayo lexinene nokwakheka imichiza. Ngelo xesha ke kufuneka ukuba kuqatshelwe ukuba kukho umahluko ezinkulu nakwezinye izicwangciso ezininzi. Kukho isizathu sokukholelwa ukuba xa Venus waba umthamo omkhulu wamanzi, nto leyo ekugqibeleni ephekiweyo, ngoko ngoku womile. Planet akukho mhlaba otsalayo (ngenxa ukujikeleza kade), kunye neesathelayithi. Oku kunokubonwa ngeliso lenyama, kuba isibhakabhaka wethu "nkwenkwezi" likhanya ngamandla.

umhlaba

Okwesithathu emgceni ukusuka ilanga uMhlaba. ububanzi wayo 12 756.3 km kwaye okuwo kumgama million 149,6 yeekhilomitha ukusuka umzimba wasezulwini. Njengezinye kufutshane iLanga, iiplanethi, kuba inembali leyo bususela malunga 5.5 billion kwiminyaka. Kwinkqubo uMhlaba umzimba kakhulu ashinyeneyo yasezulwini. Amanzi lugubungela 71% of kwindawo yayo. Into enikisa umdla kukuba apha kuphela ikhona ingamanzi phezu komhlaba. Izazinzulu lubonisa ukuba oku kungenxa kuzinzo iqondo lobushushu emhlabeni. Le kuphela yendalo yisathelayithi Umhlaba lo iNyanga. Ukongeza kulo, komzila kwakuthe imizimba emininzi ngumntu.

mars

Kwindawo yesine iqondo yokwahlukana eLangeni kunye nendawo wesixhenxe kunazo Mars. orbit yalo kumgama abamalunga nezigidi 228 km ukusuka umzimba yasezulwini, kwaye ubukhulu ilingana 6794 km. Inqanawa lokuqala, waya kuye, waba "Mariner 4" ngo-1965. Njengabantu abanye umhlaba esikufutshane Sun, Mars Oqhayisayo kunokuba eyoqobo nenomdla a sendawo. Apha mininzi mlilo, nasentshonalanga, iinduli moya. I-avareji lobushushu kwiMars imalunga degrees 55 thabatha. Bona kunokwenzeka nkqu ngeliso lenyama. Kwiisatellite, ngoko eli neplanethi ababini kubo: Deimos kunye Phobos, leyo zijikeleza kufutshane kumphezulu.