Emulsion - umxube wamanzi

Emulsion - umxube kwezinto. Le ibandakanya yingxenye eyodwa amasuntswana entle ezingenakunyibilika kwezinye. Le nto ibizwa ngokuba 'kwisigaba abasasazekileyo ". Enye into - kwiintsali ephakathi. Kwicandelo yakhe yokuqala abelwa. "Emulsion" - eli gama liye a imvelaphi Latin. Eguqulelwe lithetha "ukuba amasi, nobisi". Makhe sihlolisise lo mba ngokucacileyo ngaphezulu.

Overview

Ngenxa yokuba naziphi na izinto ezimbini apho sukuxuba okanye kusabela iikhemikhali, kuyenzeka ukuba wenze i emulsion. Enye yeendima phantse lonk 'amanzi. Enye into siqulathe molekyuli okwanamhlanje polar okanye cala (umz amafutha). Le yokuqala eyaziwayo bonke emulsion - lubisi. Apha, amasuntswana amanqatha esasazekayo emanzini. Ubungakanani amasuntswana zincinane isigaba saa yi 1-50 .mu.m, ngoko emulsions ziyamiselwa coarsely saa. ulwelo elisezantsi ingqondo-- yobume. Imixube kunye xi eliphezulu - wakhiwe. On ngezizathu thermodynamic emulsion oyile - i inkqubo ezingazinzanga. Iilinganiselo amathontsi kwisigaba zinkulu, kwaye mxube efan.

ngezigaba

Uhlobo emulsion wafumana kuxhomekeke kwisigaba Umlinganiselo umthamo kunye nokwakhiwa kwabo, imali kunye nobunjani emulsifier, umsebenzi wayo lwekhemikhali, indlela kunye nendlela ukuxuba.

1. admixture ngqo amasuntswana amancinane ye ulwelo apolar ezingenakunyibilika kwisigaba polar (o / w - ibinzana elithi "ioli ngamanzi"). Kuba umxube enjalo izixubisisi zinokusetyenziswa leyo enyibilikayo emanzini, ezifana ngamasuntswana yebhitumene. molecule zawo adsorbed phezu umboniso kwamanzi m-sigaba, ukunciphisa kuphela ukungakhululeki, kodwa ekudaleni okuqinileyo umboniso.
2. Azifihlwanga (V / m) umxube, esetyenziswa emulsifier amanzi-ezingenakunyibilika.

iziphumo imichiza kwi emulsion, uxinzelelo, ukutshintsha ubume kunokukhokelela inversion.

1. Emulsion owayevunyelwe - ngomxube esenzelwa ngokuzenzekelayo izenzekele. Oku kucingwa ukuba thermodynamically izinzile. Imizekelo ngeliso emulsions uzinzile xa umda ubushushu ngenxa alpha izigaba. Olu didi ikwaquka zokuthambisa kunye neencindi ngenxa zokupholisa.
2. Lyophobic emulsion - umxube owenziwe ngomatshini, ive okanye alpha zombane. Ewe thermodynamically sibi kakhulu. imixube ezinjalo ngaphandle izixubisisi ixesha elide azikho. amacandelo Good kuquka: surfactants, ubunzima eliphezulu eziphilayo, amanzi izinto ezinyibilikayo kunye eziqinileyo usasazeko eliphezulu.

indawo yolwamkelo

Kukho kwimveliso yobuchwephesha ezimbini emulsion. Lokuqala - indlela entle atsho aphikisanayo. Okwesibini - inkqubo bhanya-sisenziwa, kulandele komsipha zibe ngamaqhekeza amancinci. In lwalo yokuqala, iyeza wongezwa kancinci uza kuya kwiintsali. Kuyimfuneko ukuba nokuthinjwa usoloko kwi eshukumisayo ngesantya esiphezulu. Kulo mzekelo, umgangatho umxube iya kuxhomekeka imiba eyahlukeneyo. Ngokukodwa, phezu ngokuxuba izinga lolawulo kunye nemali wenkqu esasazekayo, eyavela, ubushushu kunye iasidi. Indlela yesibini - inkqubo apho ifilim kwakheka kwi kumphezulu esinye sigaba. umoya Bottom ezikhule. Amaqamza kungachitha ifilimu phantsi amathontsi amancinane wawuxhokonxa yonke umthamo ulwelo. Ekuhambeni kwexesha lethu baqala ukusebenzisa umoya endaweni ultrasound. Oku kubangela elihlazo ifilimu ibe ziingceba kakhulu.

imixube imbubhiso

Ekubeni kukho bagqobhoza yazenzekela le emulsion ngokuhamba kwexesha. Kukho amaxesha xa kuyimfuneko ukukhawulezisa inkqubo nokunciphisa ukufumaneka kwe-compound. Le imfuneko liyimfuneko xa kukho emulsion wamandla kakhulu ophazamisa inkqubo yonyango lwe umbandela okanye ukusetyenziswa kwayo elichanekileyo. Ukukhawulezisa inkqubo yokunciphisa xi yesisombululo ngeendlela ezininzi:

1. Indlela imichiza. wezenzi ezisetyenziswe Ngokumosha bhanya kobuso emulsifier. Kule meko intlawulo elibi anikel kumphezulu lo ifilim namandla. Kumgaqo, ukusetyenziswa organic ongeziweyo izongezo zokutya (- demulsifiers izinto eziphilayo esebenzayo) esekelwe.
2. Ukudibanisa i emulsifier ebangela ukuyilwa ukuse-, leyo ukutsala elibi intlawulo komhlaba kunye nomphezulu iifilim kubangela emulsifier ukungazinzi. uzinzo karhulumente isisombululo kunciphisa.
3. Ukufakwa kwamanye candelo emulsifier lunezinto (PAVom). It dilutes uyondelelwano lwee- ekuqaleni, kodwa asibikho awakhi womelele ngokwaneleyo film.
4. indlela emhlabeni. Ngale ndlela, le emulsion ufakwa yeziphumo thermal, nto leyo ebangela inyanda yayo.
5. indlela Mechanical. Le ndlela ngobuwena kubizwa ngokuba umahluli. Le emulsion ke lesitofu ngokuthe ngcembe ejikelezayo ngenkulu Velocity emboxo isikhongozeli. A isisombululo liwela candelo amaqhezu ngokobunzima.
6. Indlela ungakubhabhisa nombane okanye electrolyte nongeza emulsion. Ngale ndlela ukuphazamisa uzinzo ezimbi imixube isigxina umphezulu film.

isicelo

Uluhlu lwesicelo of emulsions kushishino kakhulu. Ingakumbi, le khompawundi kusetyenziswa:

1. Ekuvelisweni kweti i-zebhotolo kunye namasi.
2. Ekwenziweni isepha.
3. Xa imveliso eyenziwe iirubber zendalo.
4. In zokwakha. Umzekelo, ibhitumene emulsion - le ephindeneyo nonflammable.
5. Kwezolimo: zinambuzane - ezahlukeneyo iziyobisi ukutshabalalisa izityalo nezilwanyana.
6. Ukulungiselela iinjongo zonyango: izgotolvenie amayeza ezahlukeneyo, namafutha aqholiweyo, zokuthambisa.
7. In ukupeyinta, besebenzisa ipeyinti ezahlukeneyo emulsion.
8. Hair Cosmetics, emulsion, ikhusela umphezulu iinwele xa ukupeyinta. Umzekelo, emulsion babonise (oku oxidizer ukuze ngepeyinti).
9. Le neshishini le- petroleum isebenzisa umxube wamanzi kunye ioli, kuyo eziziintsali kwesigaba omnye ulwelo kwenye kuthatha indawo zamathontsana amancinci - globules.