Isithuthi: ezihlelwe ngayo, umgaqo yokusebenza, iimpawu kunye neesekethe. kanjani muffler imoto

Ukusukela ekusungulweni amafutha yokuqala imoto ipetroli ezenzeka ngaphezu kwekhulu leminyaka eyadlulayo, kwiindawo zawo engundoqo ngoko akukho nto iye yatshintsha. Design yala maxesha, ukuphuculwa. Kodwa wahlala, njengokuba kuye Wazilungisa imoto, yaye ngenxa yoko. Cinga isakhiwo jikelele kunye nokulungiselela ezinye macandelo iindibano ngamnye.

iimpawu ngokubanzi

Zonke matshini luqulathe izahlulo ezintathu:

• injini;
• chassis;
• Body.

Abaninzi zibhekisela iintliziyo zezithuthi. Yinto njengomthombo wamandla, nto leyo ekhokelela yonke indlela ihamba. Apha ngezantsi, sifumanisa injini indlela yemoto. Qaphela ukuba ixhaphakileyo namhlanje iinjini yokuvutha kwangaphakathi (ICE). Kodwa abaqhubi ngakumbi nangakumbi zama drive ezinye: gqith kunye ngaphantsi zombane.

Iqumrhu imoto isakhelo ngaphandle kwayo. Koomatshini mihla iiyunithi ziyaxhonywa ngqo umzimba, ngoko ke kuthiwa yenethiwekhi.

Kwisisu semoto sakhiwa nobuninzi kweenkqubo kunye neendlela ngazo:

• torque usasazwa ugqithiselwa kwi amavili mafutha (transmission);
• imoto ihamba (isebenza nezixhobo) ;
• elawulwa (indlela yokulawula).

transmission

Ukuqonda isakhiwo iimoto, ngaphandle kokujonga ukosuleleka engenakwenzeka. Ngokuthumela torque neevili, indlela likuvumela ukuba utshintshe indlela yayo ebukhulwini. Inqwelo-asi ezimbini kunye injini, ezibekwe phambi kwaye drive lingena-wheel idla zibandakanyiwe:

• clutch;
• transmission;
• zamabanga driveline ;
• isiqingatha-axis kunye umehluko.

Okokuqala, isakhiwo clutch sithuthi. Indlela lidlulise transmission torque, ngokulula ngokufutshane idibanisa kunye disconnects kunye nezinye iindlela zothumelo. Bamba iquka flywheel, ikhoboka kunye inkosi drives.

Transmission waqonda baguqula torque. Ngenxa yomsebenzi wakhe, isithuthi ihamba phambili okanye umva, kwaye ngeemoto luqhawulwe ukusuka kweevili drive. Omoya:

• mechanical;
• esizilawulayo;
• zithwala;
• stepless.

chassis

Njengokuba sele sitshilo, umzimba inokuba yenethiwekhi okanye isakhelo. Ngaphandle kokuba chassis iquka asi (ngaphambili nangesemva) nokumiswa (absorbers ukothuka kunye nemithombo) ivili kunye ivili.

Umzimba ilungiselelwe ukuba kufakwe ngabakhweli. Kukho iintlobo ezininzi umzimba, kodwa ixhaphakileyo - sedan, yayinqwelo, a yokuthuthwa nezinye, zijikwe kunye nabanye.

sezulu ngabanye kufuneka zenziwe yentsimbi umzimba elide ngokwenene. Ezinye iinxalenye zingenziwa kwiphepha agciniweyo.

Ukusuka ukunqunyanyiswa kuxhomekeke kwindlela lula kuba ukuba ukunyamezela amaqhuma emotweni lwendlela. wenza njani element ixhomekeke kuhlobo yayo. Namacici zixhomekeke ezizimeleyo. Isithuthi kuqala uhlobo kumiswa amavili angasemva abaqhagamshelwe ukuya girder okhethekileyo. Ukuba akukho umqadi, ukunqunyanyiswa ozimeleyo.

ulawulo

Le ndlela iquka:

• Power Steering;
• inkqubo magorha.

Ngenxa kuye, ulwalathiso isantya isindululo ziyahluka. Kwakhona imoto wayeka okanye endaweni yaso.

Steering yenziwe lweziqalelo, apho ujikeleziso uvale adlulisele imiyalelo nezinye iindlela ngaphakathi isithuthi. wenza njani ngasinye kuzo, akayi kuqwalasela thina. Siphawula nje ukuba inxalenye yenkqubo;

• column ingalawuleki;
• lokuqondisa elabiwe;
• iingalo ukujikajika;
• kokuxhuma iintonga.

Kunzima ukuba zazi ukubaluleka kwenkqubo wayaphula. Ngoko ayimangalisi into eyilwe umcabango ukuze iziqhoboshi abanakho ukukunika ngokupheleleyo phezulu, ukuba naziphi na iziphene baya kujongana imoto. njani indlela ekulula ukuyiqonda.

Inkqubo brake iqulathe ubuncinane inxalenye ukusebenza, nto leyo ivuliwe yi xi lo waqhekeza kunye yokupaka waqhekeza, lo lever ulawulo, ephakathi izihlalo eziphambili.

injini

Iziqalelo ezingundoqo ezakha injini, zezi:

• a block cylinder (ngaphakathi apho imiphantsi sokwehlisa kunye ukusifaka);
• i piston (iglasi sisinyithi of vee ukuba namakhonkco piston);
• ring piston (top - ucinezelo, kwaye ephantsi - ize);
• mechanism igeza adlulisele amandla ukuya crankshaft.

Ukuqwalasela ayilwe njani iimoto, akunakwenzeka ukuba angamchukumisi umgaqo osebenza kuyo injini yokutsha lwangaphakathi. Oku kusekelwe iquka amafutha ucinezelo kwindawo encinci ngolo hlobo. Oku ukhupha amandla amaninzi kwi isilinda zegesi ubushushu efakiweyo, nto leyo eyandisa uxinzelelo kunye nentshukumo okubangela piston.

Inkqubo ukuba rhoqo, ukutsha kwigumbi air-fuel umxube kufuneka zifike rhoqo. Ngoku yisa i piston untshulisa crankshaft, kwaye - wheel semoto. iinjini ezininzi - ezine-stroke. Eli gama bona bawathabatha, ngokuba umjikelo ngamnye yahlulwe amane alinganayo.

Ukusebenza, imoto ishushu kakhulu. Ngoko ke, lo injini kunika injini ebaluleke kakhulu, nto leyo equka kwiradiyetha leyo isebenza ukususa ubushushu ukusuka kulwelo injini.

wenza njani radiator imoto? Isakhiwo iquka ezingundoqo, nto leyo yinxalenye okupholisa, iibhokisi ezisezantsi neziphezulu izibophelelo kunye nemilomo ezikhethekileyo. Ngokuqhelekileyo oku ngaphambili kwebhonethi. Watyhutyha ilizwe ngokwalo emoyeni ozayo, ovelisa le ubushushu obugqithisileyo ngqo kwi-atmosfera.

inkqubo qeda

Xa moto enengxolo kwaye likhupha imimoya enetyhefu. Ukunciphisa le meko yinkqubo zeemoto. Ifaka:

• umthe-;
• kuvala;
• resonator;
• muffler.

Onke amacandelo e-nkqubo zibaluleke kakhulu. Lo kuvala, umzekelo, ukhonza ukunciphisa ukukhutshwa kwezinto eziyingozi. Kodwa eyona ingqwalasela ngokuqhelekileyo ihlawulwe muffler. Maxa wambi nkqu nenkqubo yonke ekuthiwa le piece. Cinga indlela muffler imoto. Angaba kwahluka kakhulu kuyilo. On oomatshini abatsha, inika ubugcisa eliqela eyilelwe ukunciphisa ingxolo. Kuye isahlulelo inkqubo, bile, njalo-njalo.

Noko ke, xa wasele kwenkqubo zeemoto kwaye ingakumbi muffler kude umsebenzi wayo ezisisiseko ukwehla isandi kunye, phezu koko, ekuzameni ukunika imoto i "ibharhule" indumezulu. wenza njani muffler imoto kule meko? Le piece kuthiwa ngqo-flow. Esiphelo sesokuba iinguqulelo ilula kakhulu. Ukwakhiwa ngaphakathi lula. Kusenokwenzeka kuba, umz, le lombhobho tubing. Uya kwandula flow irhasi ngaphandle uxhathiso.

electrics

Ukuqeshwa kwabasebenzi izixhobo zombane kubaluleke kakhulu. Eneneni, Bulelani kuye, injini luqaliweyo kwaye iyasebenza. Kwakhona zangaphakathi eshushu, esibanekile, kunokwenzeka ukuba ngokulula hamba ebumnyameni kwaye iqinisekisa ukhuseleko kubo bonke abasebenzisi bendlela.