Isixhobo yokukhupha amanzi kwisayithi ngezandla zakhe - Technology

isixhobo esidi kwisayithi ngezandla zakhe, unako lula ukuvelisa, xa kukho imfuneko. Oku kunokuba kuyimfuneko, xa ummandla ukufuma kwemfuneko waphawula, leyo kunokubangela iingxaki ezininzi. Ukuba sele ucingisisile ngalo mba, ngoko ke imiqondiso yokuqala, kufuneka sinikele ingqalelo ezi izadunge amile. Abakwazi ukushiya le ndawo iintsuku ezimbalwa okanye iiveki. Kufuneka ukuba bangazilibali ezi ntsimi iziphene, njengokuba emva kwexesha sisingise ukuba abalekele iingxaki ezifana kungabi azifunele kwendlu manzi, kodwa intshabalalo yayo. Musa ukuphepha ezingephi Kwiinzingo zinetyala ngohlobo izityalo kunye nemithi apho ukufuma kwemfuneko nga zife. rhoqo isixhobo yokukhupha amanzi kwisayithi ngezandla zakhe kuyimfuneko isiganeko ukuba ise kwintlambo apho amanzi emhlabeni iphezulu.

yamanzi imihlobo

Esidi unako Axhotyiswe enye ngeendlela ezininzi. Eyokuqala ibizwa yokuhambisa amanzi anzongonzongo, okwesibini - komhlaba. Le yokugqibela yezi isetyenziswa ukususa inxalenye amanzi ethi emva kokuba izikhukula ngamaxesha athile okanye imvula kakhulu, lo gama i-owayesakuba isetyenziselwa ukunciphisa izinga ukufuma komhlaba elirhoxisa kwamanzi aphantsi komhlaba. Movement yamanzi ngokubanzi ekhethiweyo kuphela ngokuxhomekeke kwiimeko kwisayithi, kodwa ngokungqinelana ozikhethayo yomnini. Nangona ukuba iintlobo ngalunye awohluke zayo neeyantlukwano, kunokwenzeka ukuba amalungiselelo ngokwabo.

Iimpawu esidi Design

isixhobo yokukhupha amanzi kwisayithi ngezandla zakhe kufuneka kwenziwe ngokungqinelana nemithetho. Ngoko ke, xa kufikwa kumphezulu, lo jonga nga umbonise okanye emgceni. Eyokuqala yenzelwe ukuba nemali yokuhlawula ulwelo ukusuka kwiindawo oversized ukuba bahlukane kakhulu. Kodwa ukuba kukho imfuneko ukujongana sibe namanzi, kuyimfuneko ukuba amalungiselelo ugwebu amanzi, ebandakanya ziyindlela ubukho umsele indawo. Oku kunokuba iindawo ukuba ibekwe phantsi emijelweni, ibe misinga kwezibonelelo kunye emazantsi masimu, izinto ukufaka semibhobho point kunye neenxalenye yokungena ezivelileyo. Le nkqubo yeyona ilula kwaye asibandakanyi imfuneko ukulungiselela useluvavanyo scheme okhethekileyo.

isixhobo yokukhupha amanzi kwisayithi ngezandla zakhe ziya kuba nzima ngakumbi, ukuba inkqubo uhlobo yomgama. Olu hlobo amanzi ubonelela ukuphunyezwa ingxaki kutsalwe zakhiwo, ukongeza, iinkqubo ezinjalo zazikwazi yokujongana kunye nokhuselo yemizila kule ndawo evela iindlela zamanzi, iyakukhusela ngokugqibeleleyo zokungena, kwakunye ukuxhathisa ukuhlamba kude umaleko echumileyo kumhlaba kummandla kwisiza lizwe.

Iimpawu sokuhambisa yomgama

Ukuba achaza yokuhambisa amanzi yomgama, sinokuthi oku kulandelayo: le uyilo inikwa kwangaphambili inkqubo ecwangcisiweyo imisele nzulu. yokukwazi lwakutshanje kwi-engile, ubeke kujikelezo ummandla kunye neendawo apho ukugcinwa kwamanzi kakhulu lodumo. isixhobo yokukhupha amanzi emyezweni izandla zakhe lubonisa icandelo ekuqulunqweni kweprojekthi. backbone ekhoyo kufuneka ibe umsele, apho kuyimfuneko ukuqokelela amanzi oluwe emhadini. Kufuneka iphele nasemanzini ukufumana, apho inokuba udonga okanye yemveli idreyini amanzi emvula.

Ngexesha uyilo ngokuyimfuneko kufuneka ukuba uyithathele ingqalelo iindawo apho kukho amanzi amileyo. Oku kuyimfuneko ukuze kwakhiwe umsele kwezi ngongoma kwinkqubo main lokulawula amanzi. Kufuneka uqonde ukuba ziyinyaniso abaliweyo idreyini imbaxa, kungenjalo amanzi akayi kumka. Kutsalwe ojonge incinane ilingana 0,003 m, njengokuba ukuya kumhlaba oyisanti. Ke ukuba Imihlaba ngodongwe, eli nani kufuneka ilingane 0,002 m. Ebele kufuneka ibekwe ukuze indawo yayo ngezantsi umgca yokukhupha amanzi ye, ezizezi ngendlela yaye kufuneka avelise semibhobho isabelo ngezandla zabo. Ekufunxeni izahlulo, xa kusenziwa, kubalulekile kakhulu ukuba icala yenziwa ilingana 0.005-0.01 m.

Iimpawu ilungiselelo komhlaba yamanzi

Xa ilungiselelo kumphezulu sesixokelelwano ummandla kwezi ndlela zimbini kufuneka zisetyenziswe. Eyokuqala kuzo - evulekileyo. Oku kuquka ukumba imisele ezivulekileyo. Iindonga kwezakhiwo ezinjalo ukuba abunjwe kwi-engile 30 °, oko kukuthi ezinjalo iparameters kuvumela ulwelo izokwazi ukuhamba lula ukuya kwindawo emdaka. Uyilo kufuneka ube ububanzi kuluhlu 0.5 m, kanti ubunzulu bayo kufuneka ilingane 0.7 m. I kalula ukubulawa ukhonza iingenelo ephambili yale nkqubo. Noko ke, kukho kuyinto embi kakhulu, nto leyo ichazwa lanjengembonakalo unaesthetic, kuba oku kuya ezonakalisa umqondo wesiza.

Ukomeleza iindonga inkqubo yemibhobho ehambisa

Phakathi kwezinye izinto, kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba ukuba iindonga hayi ziyomelela, baya kungekudala ngokwaneleyo kuqala ukuwa, ebangela kulwakhiwo ezenze umonakalo. Unga ukusombulula le ngxaki ngokuthi ukusetyenziswa riprap ilitye nakhandiweyo, nto leyo ethintela ukuba kutshatyalaliswe, imisele, kodwa oko akuthethi ukuphepha yinto yokuba bandwidth iya kuncitshiswa kakhulu.

Esidi isabelo ngezandla zabo, apho icebo iteknoloji phambi kokuba baqalise umsebenzi kufuneka kuphandwe kubandakanya ugcwalisa igrabile ezantsi emseleni, ngoko kuyimfuneko ukuba ukusebenzisa izinto krupnofraktsionny kukuthi, kanti inxalenye ephezulu kufuneka azotywe macadam olungisiweyo. Oku kuya ukusombulula ingxaki ezindongeni. On top of zonke izinto wambu Turf.

Sombulula ingxaki fraying kunye nendlela yokusebenzisa neengcedevu yokukhupha amanzi shelwe esemseleni wawakhotha ngaphezulu onke ayimfuneko ukuvala imivalo kunokwenzeka. Le yokugqibela kuyimfuneko ukwenzela ukuthintela ukungena kobutyobo. Xa core neengcedevu inokuba eziphathekayo, Polymer ikhonkrithi okanye iplastiki, ngelixa emkhusaneni zingenziwa ngesinyithi okanye iplastiki.

Features device deep yamanzi

Ukuba unomdla inkqubo yemibhobho isixhobo kwisiza, ungabona ngakumbi ufakelo iinkalo ubunzulu uhlobo yoyilo. Oku kuya kunciphisa isiqulatho iyonke sokufuma komhlaba. Ukwenzela ukuba kuqinisekiswe ukusebenza ngempumelelo inkqubo, kufuneka ibekwe ngezantsi kumanzi aphantsi komhlaba. kwenziwa ekuqaleni isicwangciso geodetic yesiza, nto leyo eza kuvumela ukuba baqonde apho kukho akhwifa.

Ukuze ubone oko kubunzulu uya kulala imisele, kuyimfuneko ukuba uyithathele ingqalelo amaxabiso avareji. Ngenxa yoko, umbhobho ibe lumiswe kubunzulu we 0.6 ukuya 1.5 m.

Ukuba kufuneka sisebenze kwintsimi apho imihlaba afanayo, abeke umsele ngakumbi kakhulu, kungenxa kwimihlaba ezinjalo kungekudala kakhulu ukulungisa. ufakelo ubunzulu -. kuluhlu 1-1.6 m Ukuze usebenze lilungiselelo nkqubo, kufuneka asebenzise umbhobho kunye perforations. Njengomgaqo, zisekelwe - yeplastiki. Esidi e wabo zehlobo ngezandla zakhe, apho ifowuni ichazwe kweli nqaku, kwenziwa ngokusebenzisa idreyini ngokumalunga nenkqubo enzonzobila. Ngenxa yoko, idreyini - umbhobho Ø50-200 mm, apho kukho imingxuma mm Ø1,5-5.

Izindululo ufakelo amanzi enzonzobila

Kwimeko inkqubo nzulu, njengoko kwilungiselelo le komhlaba amanzi, inkqubo ithatha ubukho esiyintsika yale esemseleni wawakhotha. Uya kuqokelela komisa imibhobho ezizisekondari, yaye isiphelo sayo uya kungena emanzini kunokwamkela. Ukwenza isicwangciso, kufuneka ucinge ukuba imibhobho tubing oluzakunyuswa kwisiseko zentlabathi kunye luhlalu. Xa indlela yomsebenzi kuya kuba yimfuneko ukwenza izixhobo imingxuma. Kuba oku bemba amajelo kabani ububanzi ilingana no-40 cm. Kwi emazantsi kweemaleko lesiseko wabeka kuphela emva kokuba ufakelo nga phambili kumbhobho. Ngamanye amaxesha oko bujikelwe geotextile, nto leyo inceda ukukhusela mingxuma ukusuka Ukuxinana.

ufakelo amaqula

Ngaphandle koncedo yeengcali kwinqanaba lokuqala ayikwazi eziveliswa kwindawo yokukhupha amanzi anzongonzongo ngezandla zabo; projekthi, esi sixhobo kufuneka unikwe igqiza leengcali. Ukuze ube nako ukulawula inkqubo yokukhupha amanzi kunye ukucoca inkqubo, kufuneka uzifakelele yemingxuma ezizodwa. Zisekelwe kunokuba w / w. Noko ke, ukuba ngokubekwa ubunzulu yamanzi ayikho ngaphezu kwe-3 m, kuyimfuneko ukuba ukusebenzisa tube yenyuka. Lwezibonelelo kufuneka kuxhaswa kele ukuthintela ukungena kobutyobo.

izincomo Ukufakwa imithombo

Kufuneka ukuthobela yonke imithetho, ukuba isigqibo sokuba iqalise le isixhobo yokukhupha amanzi kwisiza, ingcamango jikelele uhlobo amanzi anzongonzongo kubandakanya bakhawuleze amaqula kumgca othe ngqo kunye amanyathelo ka-50 m, ngokuphathelele eluthangweni lweenqwelo zokulwa jiko, amaqula kufuneka ngalo lonke ithuba. Qiniseka ukuba uqhagamshelane inkonzo geodesic, ukuba ufuna ukwakha inkqubo yokuhambisa amanzi enzonzobila.