Komhlaba

Amanzi aphantsi komhlaba - ngamanzi leyo benozuko eqinileyo, engamanzi okanye umphunga kwi eliphezulu kuqweqwe Ebubanzini zeengxondorha yingxonde. Baya kuba izibonelelo kwehayidrosfere. Xa ezinjalo unyango iindawo indawo Amazinga kuluhlu ukusuka thabatha ukuya dibanisa alithoba-amathathu degrees eziliwaka, elinamakhulu amabini, yaye ingcinezelo babulingana nesandla yabo isusela ukusuka eziliqela ukuya kumawaka amathathu MPA.

imithombo yamanzi aphantsi komhlaba ziye zahlulwe kwindawo yabo ndidi zilandelayo:

- Pore, eyafunyanwa iingqalutye, isanti kunye ezahlukeneyo nasemaweni clastic ;

- iintanda okanye umthambo ibakho sandstones kunye granites;

- karst, ibekwe gypsum, dolomite, lekalika kunye nezinye nasemaweni awonayo.

Womxhuzulane okanye uhamba amanzi simahla phantsi kwempembelelo womxhuzulane. Ngokwahlukileyo kubo hydro enxulumene uhlobo ematyeni zikhabane okanye lawo.

Le yokuqala kumphezulu womhlaba ngumaleko oluba ngaphandle uxinzelelo. Ibizwa ngokuba "kwetafile yamanzi". Ubunzulu yayo ixhomekeke ngqo kwi Indawo esikuyo ndawo. Utshintsho ingenzeka yemida ezivela izibonda kummandla zemvula.

Kwimimandla yaseYurophu Russia ixabiso avareji ubunzulu liphuma ukunyuka umaleko womhlaba ngokuthe ukusuka emantla ukuya kwimimandla esemazantsi. Ukuba tundra komhlaba ibekwe ngqo kwi phezu noqweqwe, kwimimandla ekumzantsi - kubunzulu kwamashumi eziliqela kweemitha. Ubunzulu iphezulu kwemithombo yamanzi lwe data yahluka ukusuka km elishumi elinambini.

Amanzi aphantsi komhlaba izisombululo ezibandakanya iikhemikhali ngaphezu zaba ngamashumi omathandathu, kunye iintsholongwane ezahlukeneyo. Xa data ngokubanzi hydro saturation igesi. Amanzi kwiingcamba aphezulu kuqweqwe lomhlaba yahlulwe ngokweendidi kuxhomekeke iqondo Ukwanda kunye kwezimbiwa. ahluke:

- okutsha;

- eyindawo;

- ngetyuwa;

- brines komhlaba.

Imvelaphi komhlaba lubonakala yokuhlelwa kwazo kuvamile:

1. layers ngobuqili ezenziwa percolation emlanjeni, amanzi emvula okanye ziyanyibilika amanzi avela kumphezulu womhlaba.

2. lwexa Ulweliso zibangelwa iinkqubo amafu of umphunga wamanzi pores okanye emfanteni yengxondorha.

3. Intlenge omthombo komhlaba kwakheka ngenxa uhlobo neentlenge zomhlaba. Ludla kungcwatywa amanzi, a imvelaphi zaselwandle. Kwakhona iquka iibhedi ultrafresh kwemali gquma, kwakunye ngamaqula halmeic.

4. aphantsi komhlaba enxulumene uhlobo MAGMATOGENE evela lolu daka leyo iye yaluphumelela inkqubo crystallization, kwakunye ngamatye ngenxa metamorphism yabo.

Uninzi izalathisi ubuninzi nobulunga (inqanaba koxinzelelo, ukuhamba, irhasi kunye nokwakhiwa imichiza, ubushushu, njl) lamanqanaba zomhlaba basengozini utshintsho zombini elifutshane ixesha elide, uchaza indlela yabo eqhelekileyo. Ngaloo ndlela iimpawu kakhulu oscillation eboniswe kwi-akhwifa abantu behleli-nzulu.

Ophehlwa, akhiwe maleko eliphezulu kolu qweqwe lomhlaba, zihlelwa njengoko imithombo engahlaziyekiyo yendalo. Ukuze akhusele nxamnye oyile kunye nongcoliseko, ukulawula ukusebenza, kunye nokuthintela neziphumo ezibi ukusebenzisa amanzi kuyagadwa komhlaba. Organisation kunye nolawulo kolawulo le misebenzi luxanduva ngqo lolwezigqeba ezifumene iyilayisenisi nezokukhupha kunye nokusetyenziswa kwemithombo yamanzi yendalo. Xa iliso imveliso kwakhona kuqhutywa iimviwo izowuni sanitary ukutya namanzi. Le misebenzi yenzelwe ukubonisa imithombo kusenokwenzeka iyilwe komhlaba kunye Yabelana netyala kumaqumrhu yezoqoqosho ukuphelisa ukwaphulwa.