ISO - yintoni na le nto? ISO

ISO - an ngamazwe umbutho ongekho phantsi kolawulo lukarhulumente, oqale yabakho ngo-1947. Injongo yalo kukuphuhlisa imigangatho yamazwe ngamazwe ukuba iimpahla kunye neenkonzo. Makhe sihlolisise le iziko - lo mbutho ngokwayo, imfuno ngobukho - ukhumbule ukuba oko.

ISO - kukuba entlanganweni?

Namhlanje inamalungu 157 abangabameli bamazwe ezahlukeneyo (mnye ngalinye). Russia wajoyina iBhunga (unit noshowo obonisa ulawulo) mbutho ngo-2007.

Umda ISO iquka zonke iinkalo, ngaphandle bombane kunye nobunjineli zombane, esingethe umbandela International Electrotechnical Commission. Abanye umsebenzi luye lwenziwa kwi kusebenzisana.

isakhiwo

ISO wenziwe namabhunga olawulo ezikolo kunye nabasebenzi.

Phakathi wokuqala amalungu alandelayo zifakiwe.

1. General Assembly. Le ibandakanya kwamagosa kunye nabathunywa, nabaqeshwe ziikomiti.
2. IBhodi Ihlela umsebenzi phakathi yeeseshoni kwiNdibano yeZizwe eziManyeneyo. Kusenokwenzeka qondisa imibuzo kwiikomiti nokuba ayaleze ukuba uzisombulule. Izigqibo ziya kuthathwa yi yivoti yesininzi bonke abantu abakhoyo. Nokuzithoba komzimba 7 iikomiti.
3. isikhokelo bureau Technical.

Imizimba zokusebenza iiyunithi kwesakhiwo ilandelayo.

1. Iikomiti zobugcisa. Phakathi kwabo: Plaka - i-ofisi kwezobuxhakaxhaka ilungiselela iziphakamiso ISO ucwangciso yomsebenzi. Stuckey ngokuphonononga siseko emgangathweni yenzululwazi kunye noncedo inkcazelo kwiBhunga, ngophuhliso imimiselo nemigangatho yamazwe ngamazwe. CASCO ukuhlola ekulandeleni kwemveliso kunye neenkonzo, ukuhlola loo nto ngalo mba kwaye ahlalutye kuyo. DEVCO lincedisana asakhasayo amazwe, izindululo emgangathweni. COPOLCO - Committee on ukhuseleko lwabathengi, ukufunda ithuba ekuzikhuthazeni, sijonge ukusungulwa standardisation ziko. Remco, njengoko ikomiti kwiisampuli ibhanile, lo mbutho unika uncedo methodological.
2. Iikomitana.
3. amaqela Technical zengcebiso.

amazinga

Ukususela ISO ukho, eyenziwe yi-International Organization for Standardization. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku oko kukhutshwa phantse 14,000 iisampuli, leyo iyahambelana iiteknoloji ezahlukeneyo kunye neenkqubo zokuvelisa. Oku kusebenza amacandelo yemveli (nezolimo, ulwakhiwo, iimpahla yabathengi, izixhobo zonyango, njl), kunye namasebe ezintsha (encoding yedijithali, ulwazi ophezulu zobugcisa kunye like).

imigangatho yeISO - nophuhliso lilawulwe yi kuphuhliso lweemarike. Xa kukho imfuneko, abameli naliphi na isebe angenise isicelo ukuqinisekisa ukuba umgangatho ofanelekileyo yasungulwa. Emva kokuphunyezwa kwesicelo uthunyelwa kwikomiti yobugcisa umsebenzi ngakumbi. Le nto ndiyibhalayo ngabameli shishino, abaye babonisa umnqweno wabo ukuphuhlisa umgangatho. Emva kokuba imvume yayo iprojekthi bazise kwingxoxo, waza ke ekugqibeleni uthabathe ivoti.

Avamise kakhulu zithathwa ISO imigangatho 9000 kunye ISO 14000. Zombini ingasetyenziswa kwimibutho eyahlukeneyo, kungakhathaliseki nokuba ngaba benza nawuphi na umsebenzi.

Standard 9000 no 14000

Umzekelo, inani ISO 9000 - umlinganiselo elawula ulawulo lomgangatho. Ukuze ufumane ibe imveliso ezisebenzisa iteknoloji efanelekileyo, kunye neenkqubo zokuphatha ukujongana neemfuno kwaye iqinisekisa ukuba iimpahla kunye neenkonzo ezikumgangatho ophezulu.

ISO 14000 imele umgangatho wokulawula we ukhuseleko lokusingqongileyo. Kufuneka ukuba ibe ubuncinane neziphumo eziyingozi kwindalo sisebenzela ukwandisa ukhuseleko zobugcisa kwimveliso.

Ngokusekelwe yintoni le migangatho?

Kuyabonakala ukuba akukho nanye kwezi migangatho akuyongqinisekiso yokuba umgangatho nokhuseleko. Yenza kuphela umbutho ukuze kuphunyezwe inkqubo yolawulo apho ukufikelela esemgangathweni kangangoko kwaye iqinisekisa ukhuseleko ilungileyo.

Xa kuqwalaselwa ISO 9000 lwabonisa ezithile imigaqo yolawulo lomgangatho. Iinkokheli ilungelo lokusebenzisa ukuba ukhethe inkqubo phambili kwishishini. Makhe sifunde kubo.

izimiso

№ 1. Gxila kumthengi. Kulo mzekelo, umbutho ufuna ukuqonda iimfuno zabathengi zabo ukuzama ukuhlangabezana nabo ngandlela zonke kangangokuba ngaphezu koko bekulindelekile. Ukuze le njongo:

• ukuhlola iimfuno;
• lungisa icebo;
• nokuphumeza inkqubo ukudluliselwa iinkcukacha kangangoko iimfuno zabo bonke abasebenzi;
• ukufunda imveliso ngokwaneliseka;
• ekusunguleni inkqubo ubudlelwane kunye abathengi;
• zama ukufika kwindawo ulungelelwano phakathi kwabathengi kunye nabanye.

Inani 2. Iinkokheli alungiselele lokubeka iinjongo kunye neenjongo, ukunika wonke ithuba zokufikelela kuzo. Kuba le ntloko:

• Sithabathela ingqalelo iminqweno yabo bonke abasebenzi;
• Ubona ikamva umbutho;
• wamisa iinjongo neenjongo;
• Inika nomoya eyimfihlo kwi nkampani;
• Inika izibonelelo eziyimfuneko ukuze uqeqesho;
• onoxanduva;
• Ikhuthaza abasebenzi.

3. inani nomfana lezakhelo. Abantu - le yinto apho esekelwe nawuphi na umsebenzi. Ukuba abasebenzi inxaxheba kwimicimbi inkampani, uqala kakhulu onamandla kakhulu, kunye nabasebenzi ngaphezu iziphiwo zabo. Ukulungiselela le njongo, ngokuxhomekeka phantsi ngokuhambelana nemigangatho yezizwe ngezizwe, apho:

• banolwazi igalelo lazo ekwenziweni kwemisebenzi abasebenzi;
• ukuqonda konke ukukhawulelwa;
• banoxanduva;
• ukuzama ukuphucula izakhono;
• ukwabelana ngamava nolwazi wafumana;
• ukuxoxa iingxaki engxamisekileyo.

Inani 4. Indlela kwinkqubo yokusebenza kwinkampani lokuzama ukumisa ngendlela yokuba ibe yinto enkulu. Ukuze wenze oku, ukuba iimeko ezifana:

• Le ichaza imisebenzi ukuze kuphunyezwe iziphumo;
• Igcina neerekhodi nokusebenza kunye noxanduva kwabasebenzi;
• Lugxininisa kwiimeko ezichaphazela imisebenzi engundoqo;
• igalelo ezibalelwa.

№ 5. Indlela Management. ukusebenza Optimal kuyafikelelwa kulo mzekelo yi ngendlela. Ukuze benze oku, inkampani uwugcinayo manyathelo alandelayo:

• abasebenza ngemiba zezakhiwo;
• kuphucula kuzalana intrasystemic;
• kahle yabela uxanduva;
• uqhuba umyalo ukususela ekuqaleni ukuya ekupheleni;
• ukuphucula iindlela zokusebenza, nokuhlola umsebenzi.

Inani 6. Amanyathelo ejolise ngcono okuqhubekayo oku kulandelayo:

• ngokuqhubekayo ukuphucula umgangatho imveliso okanye inkonzo enikiweyo;
• kufundiswe abasebenzi;
• ukuphucula indlela yokusebenza ukusebenza ngaloo zonke ikhonkco lenkampani;
• ukuqikelela amanyathelo eyenziwe;
• ukhanyise iziphumo.

№ 7. Indlela eyiyo. Lo mgaqo kuthetha la manyathelo alandelayo:

• ekungqinweni ulwazi;
• nokwenza kube lula;
• ukuhlaziya;
• izigqibo kunye nezenzo ezisekelwe kuyo.

Number 8. ubudlelwane bemvisiswano. Kulo mzekelo, uya kudinga oku kulandelayo:

• ucwangcisa ukulingana phakathi kweenjongo elifutshane ixesha elide;
• i kwiqela kwemithombo;
• ukuchonga amahlakani aphambili kunye nomsebenzi kunye nawo;
• ulwazi exchange;
• ukwakha izicwangciso ngokubambisana.

ISO 9000 yasungulwa ngo-1994. Siqulathe uthotho 9001, 9002, 9003. Kamva wongezelela omnye 9001: 2000 no 9004: 2000. Okwangoku, kukho imigangatho ezilishumi elinesithandathu apho iinkampani ngokwabo khetha eyona ilungelene kubo,.

isidingo lokuhlela

Ukuqinisekiswa inyanzelekile nokuba ngowokuqhutywa yintliziyo. Inkqubo yolawulo lomgangatho yinkqubo noko entsonkothileyo, kwaye akukho mfuneko kuzo zonke iinkampani. Le migangatho amazwe ngenxa yovavanyo zilungele kwiinkampani ukuba bafuna:

• ukuphucula umgangatho imveliso;
• kuzisa i inkqubo yolawulo ngenqanaba elipheleleyo;
• nokumisa esi sikhokelo;
• ukuphucula umfanekiso;
• ukufezekisa iingenelo ukhuphiswano;
• lula mvume;
• ukutsala amahlakani kakhulu kwezoshishino;
• -odolo ezivela kwiinkampani zangaphandle.

Ukulungiselela zokunikwa izitifiketi

Inkqubo yolawulo kufuneka ibekwe phantsi nemigangatho emiselwe ngamazwe. Ukuhlolwa kwenkqubo ekhoyo ukuze kwanele, kunye nokuqaliswa kwenkqubo ye-omtsha ayikho imfuneko. Good ngokwaneleyo ukusebenza utshintsho lobume. Kuba eminye imibutho ifuna lenguqulelo ngokucokisekileyo, ngoxa abanye - ngokwenza kuphela utshintsho. Le nkqubo yakhelwe ngokungqinelana neenjongo echazwe. Iinkampani ukuphumeza utshintsho ngokunokwabo okanye ukuba kule mbutho Consulting.

La manyathelo alandelayo ukuqaliswa imigangatho yolawulo.

1. Ukubeka iinjongo.
2. Ukuchonga kulindelekileyo.
3. Uphononongo kwemigangatho.
4. Ukukhetha omnye wabo.
5. Uxilongo System Management.
6. Chonga iinkqubo ezichaphazela ukuziswa imveliso kubathengi.
7. Development of imisebenzi ecwangcisiweyo.
8. Lwalo ebomini babo.
9. uvavanyo elizimeleyo le nkqubo.
10. Yenza uphicotho-zincwadi ukuze ndifumane isiqinisekiso ISO.
11. Ukuqhubeka ukuphuculwa kweenkqubo zolawulo.

Bodies, certifiers

Kufuneka siqonde ukuba umbutho we-ISO akuthethi ukwenza umsebenzi uvavanyo kwaye akukho akhuphe ISO eqinisekise. Oku ukwenza iipateni zophuhliso. Kwaye zonke iinkqubo ezifanelekileyo ukuqinisekisa ukuba nemigangatho yobulunga ngamazwe olwenziwa yimibutho evunyiweyo. Oku kwenziwa kweli lizwe apho nkampani unomdla yorhwebo.

GOST and ISO

Isiseko isiqinisekiso isisinyanzelo kuwo eRussia kwimigangatho GOST. ISO, njengoko kutshiwo apha ngasentla, sisiseko isiqinisekiso ngokuzithandela. Noko ke, ngokuba kudityaniso yommiselo zobugcisa nkqubo yamiselwa, swi nemigangatho yamazwe ngamazwe. GOST ISO khetha ezo iinkampani kugxininisa kuphela kwi lwasekhaya kurhwebo lwasekhaya, kodwa kwakhona ngaphandle. Abanye bakholelwa ukuba le ndlela yeeFom indawo efanelekileyo nemibutho yorhwebo.