HACCP - ntoni na? Inkqubo umgangatho HACCP: Imithetho-siseko, ukuphunyezwa, uqeqesho, iziqinisekiso

HACCP inkqubo - ingcamango ngamazwe ngenxa ukuchonga, uhlolo kunye nolawulo lwengozi yemveliso yokutya. Ngokoqobo yaguqulelwa, kwaye isishunqulelo imela "Uhlalutyo eHazard kunye Points Control Critical". Development of HACCP waqala 60s kwinkulungwane yokugqibela eUnited States. Namhlanje, inkqubo isebenza lonke. Eli nqaku liza kuxubusha imiba engundoqo ngokuphathelele HACCP: ntoni na, kutheni kufuneka oko, oko isebenza yaye ngakumbi ngayo.

iimpawu ngokubanzi

Umbuzo ongundoqo oqhubeka abantu abangazange beva HACCP ungayiqondiyo - "? Yintoni". HACCP - uhlobo bemfuno ukhuseleko lwemveliso ngamazwe. Le nkqubo inika olawula zonke izigaba imveliso yokutya. ingqalelo ekhethekileyo ihlawulwe Amanqaku okulawula ezibalulekileyo - iqonga xi liphezulu lezinto ezinobungozi. Imigaqo HACCP ukwakhiwa ukuze bakwazi ukuba kuphunyezwa nakweliphi na icandelo imveliso yokutya.

iinkqubo zolawulo eyakhelwe ngokusekelwe HACCP, uthathwa ukuba iinkqubo zokhuseleko lokutya. karhulumente ngamnye imimiselo yayo elawula intlonipho nemigaqo HASP. E Ukraine DSTU, kwaye eRashiya - GOST.

imiba yolawulo HACCP, iimeko kunye lunezinto, ngendlela enye okanye ngenye edibene imveliso yokutya kwaye ezikhokelela ekonzakaleni, ukugula okanye ukufa. Ezi zinto kungabandakanya: eziphilayo, iikhemikhali kunye emzimbeni. Makhe siqwalasele uhlobo ngalunye ngokwahlukeneyo.

eziphilayo

Kule ntlobo kuba iingozi ezibangelwa micro-eziphilayo (iintsholongwane, iintsholongwane, nezinambuzane okanye umngundo), nto leyo ayinikeli iimeko zeteknoloji kwimveliso. Umzekelo omhle Biohazard abanokusebenza microflora yayintsholongwane eyosulela, nesetyenziswa ukususa inkqubo pasteurization.

chemical

Le iklasi ibandakanya molecule lunezinto:

1. Eziqulathwe izilwanyana kunye nezityalo kwimo yazo yendalo. Umzekelo, kwi ukudliwa.
2. Added ngendlela ngabom ukuba sikhule kunye neemveliso processing. Ezi zinto zinobungozi sikhuseleke kuphela xa usebenzisa kubo wadibana imigangatho HACCP lusekiwe. Umzekelo izinto ezifana: zinambuzane, imichiza njalo njalo.
3. Ngamana ukungena imveliso yokutya ngokulahleka, umzekelo ngokuthi unyango eekhemikhali impahla.
4. Iziphumo amajoni omzimba kuphela abanye abathengi. Esithetha ngesiqu zamavumba nezidlo.

ngokomzimba

Iingozi abonakalayo ezo izinto lungabi na ukutya phantsi kweemeko eziqhelekileyo ekufanele. Ziyifumana kuwo kwinkqubo yokuvelisa kwaye ingenza ingozi enkulu kwimpilo. Ezi ziquka: iingceba zeglasi, chips neenkuni, amatye, pine zesinyithi, njalo-njalo.

Iinzuzo HACCP

Yintoni na, wonke umntu uyazi engineer, njengoko ukuqaliswa kwale nkqubo kumsebenzi lweshishini inika iqela izibonelelo hayi kuphela abavelisi, kodwa umsebenzisi ekupheleni imveliso. Eyona inzuzo, Kakade ke, ngenxa kwinqanaba eliphezulu ukhuseleko lwemveliso kwaye, ngenxa yoko, ukunyuka inqanaba zabathengi ukunyaniseka. Kodwa kukho ezinye izibonelelo:

1. impendulo ekhawulezileyo kwimiba asakhasayo enxulumene nokhuseleko imveliso.
2. Ukuncitshiswa ilahleko.
3. amathuba entsha.
4. Ukwandisa luxanduva lwabasebenzi.

Imigaqo HACCP

Njengayo nayiphi na inkqubo, oko lusekelwe kwiinqobo ezithile HACCP. Yintoni na, sele kusetyenzwa. Ngoku sifumanisa oko kule nkqubo. inkqubo yokhuseleko lokutya na imigaqo ethile. isicelo sabo ikuvumela ukuba ukuchonga ngokukhawuleza iingozi kunye ukuqalisa ukulawula ngaphambi kokuba adale isoyikiso sokwenene. Zisixhenxe yale migaqo, yaye ngamnye kubo kufuna ingqalelo ekhethekileyo.

analysis ingozi

Ukuqaliswa kwe HACCP kule nkampani iqala ekuvavanyweni ingozi leyo. Kukholelwa ukuba ukujonga iingozi engalawulekiyo ukuba linokuba aphezulu kunokuba yingozi kwimpilo yabantu. Uhlalutyo lugubungela zonke izithako ezisetyenziswe ababandakanyekayo kule nkqubo, kwakunye imveliso ngokwayo kunye nezigaba zawo ancedisayo. umbuzo Ukhuseleko uphando ngokwahlukeneyo umgangatho imveliso leyo. Eyona nto ephambili kwisicwangciso HACCP kanye uhlalutyo yingozi ngayo. Ukuba uyabulawa ngokuchanekileyo, ngoko ke isicwangciso akayi kuzuza.

Uhlalutyo kubangela:

1. Ubhaqo yeengozi ezinokubakhona kunye nokuchongwa amanyathelo ukuzilawula.
2. Ukuchongwa kweendlela ukuqinisekisa ukhuseleko lwemveliso alunakuqinisekiswa.
3. Inkcazo utshintsho oluyimfuneko.

Ngenxa yoko, kweli nqanaba oko kudala isiseko uzingela Amanqaku okulawula (umgaqo yesibini system).

nokukala yenziwa ngezigaba ezibini. Kwi ingcali kuqala ukuhlalutya: izithako, izixhobo, izenzo abasebenzi, imveliso yokugqibela, kwakunye neendlela ukugcina nokusasaza imveliso. Zonke iingozi yaziswe kuluhlu. Kwisigaba sesibini nganye ezinokuba nobungozi ukuhlola ngokwemigaqo ubungqongqo umonakalo ukuba kungenza. Iingozi zihlelwa ngokungqinelana iqondo ukubaluleka kwaye thaca kwi ifomu tabular.

Ukumiselwa kwe Amanqaku okulawula ezibalulekileyo

Le nkqubo kubalulekile ukulawula, ukuthintela okanye ukunciphisa ingozi. Ukukhangelwa iingongoma ezibalulekileyo sisiseko yokulawula iingozi kwisistim HACCP. Control oluqhutywa kwiindawo apho kunokwenzeka ukuba siphephe engozini okanye ukunciphisa impembelelo yayo ubuncinane. Kufuneka ziyilwe ngononophelo ngokwemiqulu. iingongoma ezibalulekileyo asetyenziswa kuphela iimveliso zolawulo yokhuseleko. Oku kunokuba izinto ezifana: ekuhloleni ubukho elitshisiweyo kwi izithako, ngokujonga ubukho kuzo ubumdaka sisinyithi, unyango ubushushu njalo njalo. Ngelo xesha iindlela ezifanayo kwimveliso inokuba yingozi ezahlukeneyo kwaye, ngenxa yoko, iingongoma ezibalulekileyo.

Ukuzimisela lwamaxabiso ezibalulekileyo

Ukuhlolisisa - ubuninzi okanye ixabiso Ubuncinane i parameter leyo ilawulwa abakwindawo amanqam. Esi salathisi iyafuneka ukuze akwazi ukwahlula phakathi kweemeko ezikhuselekileyo nezingakhuselekanga lweshishini omnye okanye enye ingongoma.

indawo yolawulo nganye ayidli ezimbalwa parameters, amaxabiso ezibalulekileyo lubalwe. criteria Critical and nezalathi kufuneka ibhalwe imilinganiselo inkampani, izikhokelo kunye namanye amaxwebhu.

Ukusekwa kweenkqubo zokubeka esweni

Monitoring - ikhondo ecwangcisiweyo amanyathelo kulawulo zomlinganiselo omyinge ezithile kwiindawo ezibalulekileyo. Xa iliso, unga:

1. Ukulandelela inkqubela imisebenzi zemveliso. Ukuba kukho umkhwa ukuba isilinganiselo ngesalathisi kwixabiso ezibalulekileyo, ungenza ukwenza utshintsho oluyimfuneko, ngaloo ndlela isilumkiso imiphumo ezingafunwayo.
2. Ukumisela kwemibala isalathisi kwiindawo ezibalulekileyo.
3. Uqhelene kunye nokusebenza ukhuseleko ebhalwe ukuqinisekisa ukuthotyelwa nemigangatho umgangatho weemveliso.

Iindlela esweni kunokuxhomekeka kuhlobo kunye nenani leendawo zolawulo ezibalulekileyo, imiqathango yokhuseleko ethile kunye nemida ulawulo uluhlu. Abasebenzi iliso ube ngumnikazi ngokupheleleyo iindlela ezikhethiweyo kunye nezixhobo ezizodwa. Izixhobo yale nkqubo inyanzelekile ukuba lihlelwe kwaye zingqinisiswe njengenxalenye yeemfuno efanayo kwinkqubo HACCP.

Control, ukuba kunokwenzeka, kufuneka gqolo. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, kukho iindlela ezininzi esweni rhoqo kunye imilinganiselo entengo. Yeyona ixhaphakileyo kubo - encediswa checklists. Ngoko ke, ukukhetha inkqubo esweni, kufuneka anike umyalelo indlela okuqhubekayo.

Kwimeko apho akunakwenzeka ukwenza le nkqubo kwindlela eqhubekayo, i iitshekhi ethile iseti frequency. Kufuneka ube lokuba ukulawula inkqubo nganye kwezi ngongoma isiqiniseko. Ukurekhoda iziphumo zokubeka esweni kufuneka tshekhi onokuphanda kunye inishiyali lokuhlolwa.

Ukuzimisela lwezenzo zesilungiso

Inkqubo HACCP yenzelwe nje ukufumanisa imingcipheko, kodwa ukuba izicwangciso zokuthintela zabo, ukupheliswa, okanye ubuncinane ukunciphisa ingozi kubathengi. Akusoloko kusenzeka ukuba ukufikelela irekhodi ukhuseleko ogqibeleleyo. Ukutenxa iimfuno ukuze ngokupheleleyo naliphi na ishishini. inkqubo HACCP ijolise ukunciphisa amathuba okufumana iimveliso ephantsi olusemgangathweni kumthengi.

Phantsi izenzo ezinjalo okulungisa kwakuthetha indlela:

1. Ukuchonga kwaye ukuphelisa oonobangela-lokungathobeli.
2. Ukubekwa ndawo apho kwenzeka khona ukusilela.
3. Ubhaliso egcinwe ngamanyathelo ukulungiswa.

Kuba ulawulo ebalulekileyo ingongoma nganye iphuhlise isicwangciso eyahlukileyo amanyathelo okulungisa. Isicwangciso jikelele HACCP kufuneka iquke njengobuncinane: ukwakhiwa imisebenzi ulungiso; inxalenye kwabo benza ezi zenzo; kunye nokwakhiwa okufakwe hlengiso.

Ukumiselwa kweenkqubo zokungqinisisa

Ukuqinisekisa ekubhekiselelwe ngezenzo ukuba ukongeza esweni ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza ukuphunyezwa kwezicwangciso HACCP kunye nokubanako kwinkqubo usebenza ngokuvumelana kwezi zicwangciso. Ukuqinisekiswa oluqhutywa kwisicwangciso sophuhliso, iinkqubo mazidityaniswe kwinkqubo HACCP iyonke.

Enye imiba ephambili yovavanyo yokungqinisisa ikhonza kukukwazi kwenkqubo usebenze ukuthobela ngokupheleleyo kunye nesicwangciso. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, inkampani kweenkqubo ezihlangeneyo izenzo engqina ukuphunyezwa esichanekileyo isicwangciso HACCP, ingakumbi esweni eyiyo, ukulungisa, uxwebhu kunye njalo njalo.

Omnye umba obalulekileyo ngokulinganayo izenzo engqina ukuba isicwangciso HACCP kunokwenzeka, imisebenzi leyo zinikwa, kwaye ngempumelelo ukuphucula ukusebenza esweni yosongo kunokwenzeka. Iinkcukacha ezifunekayo ukuze isicwangciso lokuqinisekisa kungabandakanya: uluvo ingcali, kweliso abasebenzi, yokulinganisa intsebenzo njalo njalo. iinkqubo zokuqinisekisa wenziwe, hayi kuphela kubasebenzi kwishishini, kodwa ziingcali ezizimeleyo kwiinkampani eziqinisekisiweyo yangaphandle.

Development yamaxwebhu

Kwimigaqo HACCP isetyenziswe ngendlela eyiyo kangangoko kunokwenzeka, ufuna ukugcina iingxelo ezifanelekileyo kunye namaxwebhu. Ngenxa amaxwebhu, uyakwazi ukulawula inkqubo, iliso Dynamics lweenkqubo, fumana iipatheni uqinisekise ukuba imveliso ogqityiweyo imigangatho yokhuseleko efunekayo. Amaxwebhu zixhomekeka kubuzaza kwemveliso. Ngokubanzi, ezisebhokisini esisiseko kuquka: isicwangciso HACCP, uluhlu iingozi, ukurekhodwa kunye nokuqinisekisa ukuphunyezwa kwesicwangciso, kwakunye neengxelo kwi-line kunye maxwebhu ekhutshwe ngexesha nokusebenza kwenkqubo.