Izihloko imisebenzi yobugcisa yamandulo. Imifanekiso yokudweba Old Russian

art Old Russian buhlobene ngqo ubugcisa Byzantium, okanye ndingayithandiyo, koko lisebe enamandla. Ekubeni uphuhliso yayo linxulunyaniswa ubhaptizo Rus ', iiphatheni ezingundoqo baboniswa imifanekiso abangcwele nemifanekiso kwibhayibhile. Izihloko imisebenzi ubungqina lobugcisa bamandulo "Ustyug Annunciation", "The Virgin Orans", "iKrismesi". Oku eminyaka zikhona eziliqela.

era elihle

Imbali yokudweba Old Russian yahlulwe iiphiriyodi ezimbini ezinkulu. Esokuqala esuka embindini IX XIII kwekhulu. Ibizwa ngokuba ubugcisa Kievan Rus.

Ithuba lesibini linxulunyaniswa lokusekwa kaRhulumente eMoscow. Ngethuba uphuhliso kwayo (ukususela XIII ukuya kwinkulungwane XVII.), Yabhalwa uluhlu elingu imisebenzi ezixabisekileyo zobugcisa. amaxesha ezinkulu ke zahlulwe amanyathelo amancinane athe anxulunyaniswa iziganeko ezithile zembali, ukuba ukunyanzelisa umkhondo yayo imifanekiso kunye nokubhaleka. Izihloko imisebenzi yobugcisa yamandulo, ayayilwa kwixesha langaphambi kobuKristu ayaziwa.

Inkolelo yobuhedeni iziqalelo, landelani yena, uye wasishiya ilifa ngeenxa uphondo okuhombisa isilivere ecikizekileyo, imifanekiso ezahlukeneyo kwelanga, iintaka, iintyatyambo - yonke into bakholwa abantu ngelo xesha. E Kiev walondoloza iitempile kunye abasusela kunyaka 980 izithixo. Imifanekiso yokudweba Old Russian waqhagamshelana Perrunom, Ihashe, Makosh kunye nezinye oothixo babahedeni.

Indima Byzantium kuphuhliso imifanekiso Rus

Imbali kwesebe yaseByzantium yaqala kunye nobhaptizo Rus Prince Vladimir. Kuye wamema abazobi abaninzi ukuba ukwakha iitempile kwaye efundisa yobugcisa kunye iconography weengcibi zasekuhlaleni. Icawa endala yayenziwe ngamaplanga. Yena, ngelishwa, iye yachitheka.

Ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane XIII, umkhosi Batu Khan eziphanzileyo phantse yonke imizi Russian. Abasinde Pskov kunye Novgorod waqhubeka ukudala iingcibi. Omnye wabo odumileyo Feofan grek, inzalelwane Byzantium. Wayesebenza yena abakuqeqesho abaqeqeshiweyo, omnye wabo Andrei Rublev. Izihloko imisebenzi yobugcisa yamandulo icon opeyintayo - "The Annunciation", "isiphatha-zingelosi Gabriyeli", "Descent esihogweni" kunye nabanye abaninzi - abantu kakuhle kwaziwa kwabo abangengabo babekuthanda art kakhulu.

iconography Rublev

Icons kunye esekelwe Andreya Rubleva waba ngumzekelo omhle zonke ezinye izizukulwana. Bonke bephela igcwele ngento nangokuthobeka kwentliziyo, imfudumalo kunye nothando uKristu. Olu phawu umahluko umsebenzi wakhe misebenzi Feofana Greka, owafundisa Rublev. ukubhala Mfundisi yaseByzantium ngenkuthalo yaye sel ', wenza. Andrei Rublev ukubeka yinxalenye umphefumlo wakhe ngamnye icebo lakhe. Old Russian icon opeyintayo painting angazishiyi nabani fans abangakhathaliyo okanye ngabantu abaqhelekileyo.

Ekupheleni kwenkulungwane XV, xa eRashiya Wazisusa idyokhwe Tatar-Mongol, eMoscow waqalisa ukuba ikhule ize ibe liziko real - likomkhulu karhulumente enamandla. Architecture waba swing ngokupheleleyo. Moscow yesicelo kuphazamisekile ngaphaya ingqalelo. Kwakukho lomculo enkulu bokwakha wayihombisa Cathedral Square. Iitempile zazihonjiswe kunye nenani elikhulu kwemifanekiso esekelwe entle.

wonke umhlaba

Ngelo xesha, kwakhona liyachuma ubugcisa bezandla. Abathetheli kunye kartel le ntsapho yaqalisa ukuyalela iinkosi izinto ezikhethekileyo oqingqiweyo, iikomityi, izitya, uninzi leyo ithiwe thaca kwi-yoonongendi neetempile.

Luphawu eyaziwa zokuthunga Russia yamandulo. Kuninzi yayo linikwa kwi woonongendi Solovetsky. Abenza ezimfakamfele afihle "Cyril Belozersky" uhamba iconostasis, "The Virgin eluvundwini", kunye nabanye. Bonke bephela zimelwe kwi Russian Museum kwaye zenza inxalenye ebalulekileyo yelifa bezobugcisa karhulumente Russian.

wenya- kwekhulu XVII odumileyo ubugcisa bokwakha. Lo mhlaba ibalulekileyo Izikrweqe, okudalwe iinkosi kakhulu. Xesha laba sisiqalo portrait ubugcisa eRashiya. ubuso bokumkani iboniswe ubuciko bokubhala icon. Izihloko imisebenzi yobugcisa yamandulo imisebenzi parsuna baziwa ngokubanzi, umzekelo, "umnqamlezo Chinese" melly Saltanov.

Iziganeko ka-1917 ziye kukhokelele kwimeko yokonganyelwa kwalo Thixo. izikhumbuzo ezininzi zobugcisa Old Russian kunye yokwakha ziye ezilahlekileyo ngonaphakade, owenza kube nzima ukufunda ixesha omkhulu Orthodox. Noko ke, emva kweminyaka emininzi, inzala kwimbali yawo wathabatha phezu kwaye ngoku nokuchuma kwawo, i icon kwakhona athathe indawo yazo efanelekileyo amabandla Russian.