ULwandle Aral: ingxaki siswele zehlabathi

Kwanangaphambi ekuqaleni gqira zenkulungwane yamashumi amabini, uLwandle Aral Yaba ichibi yesine ukuba likhulu ehlabathini. Yonke le nto yaqala nge utshintsho lwamanzi kunkcenkceshelo komqhaphu kunye nerayisi amasimi evela nemifula ingenisa koLwandle Aral - i Amu Darya kunye Syr Darya, ukuba kuncitshiswa kwingongoma ebalulekileyo ugcwalisa ulwandle. Ke ngoko, kuloo gqira yokuqala, iqalisiwe sele ayibuyiseki umva inqubo yokoma ... Ukususela ngelo xesha, ingxaki noLwandle Aral.

Ngowe-1989, uLwandle Aral zahlulwe phakathi ezimbini kwakheka ekwanti - South Sea Aral, ngowam Uzbekistan kunye North Sea Aral - Kazakhstan. Ngo 1996 kuba ebilahlekile ¾ of umthamo wayo wamanzi, yaye uninzi lwabahlali kwanyanzeleka ukuba ahambe ndawo. Ngo-2003 - umlinganiselo amanzi malunga ne-10% kuphela, yaye indawo yayo umphezulu - malunga ikota yokuqala. Unxweme IsiXhosa 100-150km, etyuwa yande izihlandlo ezibini ezinesiqingatha. Abunjwe endaweni kanye intlabathi olunzulu-yolwandle nenkqantosi saline, indawo ka 38.000 km2, iye ogama Aralkum.

Emva wahlala ulwandle layohlala owomileyo kwintsele yolwandle, wayifulela Ityuwa kunye namachiza ezolimo kunye zinambuzane ndakuhlambulula ngexesha ngamasimi basekuhlaleni. Rhoqo izaqhwithi uthuli, lifana entlango, sithathe onke phezulu emoyeni ze usasaze kwintsimi enkulu. Uthuli badla ngokuwufihla imigama ukuya 700-800km nokufikelela kwimimandla Russian ezifana kwiingingqi eChelyabinsk Orenburg. Ukusezela loo uthuli esinetyhefu kujongela impilo yabantu, kunciphisa sifo, ezikhokelela negazi kunye nezinye izifo ezininzi yingozi. Abantu balapha, njengoko oko kungqinwa ziingcali zonyango, unesifo izifo ngokubanzi zemiphunga, esiswini, umhlaza kuvuleke iminxunya nasemqaleni, igazi. Amatyala isifo sezintso, izifo iliso kunye zesibindi.

I-Sea Aral wakha umthengisi namanqatha kwaselwandle. Ngoku ke inqanaba lumtyuba kuyo bukhulu kangangokuba iintlobo ezininzi iintlanzi abaye bafa. Abakhe iqhelekileyo kwiminyaka yakutshanje, kusele kukho turbot Sea Black, ukungeniswa kwi-70, nto leyo kakhulu apha ebomini emanzini olwandle anetyuwa, kodwa ngowama-2003 ezazinyamalele yaye: amanzi anetyuwa kwamanzi lo amaxesha 2-4 ngaphezu yaba njengesiqhelo ulwandle yakhe ngoLwesithathu. I-tissue ngoku ukuvunwa ntlanzi ukubonisa phezulu kakhulu kumgangatho zinambuzane kwaye ngokwendalo kwakhona kuchaphazela impilo priaraltsev. Fishing kunye ishishini elihambisayo kuhluthe kwaye iyaqhubeka ngaphandle emsebenzini ...

iingxaki zokusingqongileyo kuLwandle Aral sichaphazele kuphela yoLwandle Aral. Ukususela umphezulu womisa esizigubungeleyo ngonyaka ngaphezulu kwe-100 lamawaka. Iitoni netyuwa kunye nothuli ukusuka admixture of iityhefu ezahlukeneyo neekhemikhali, ibe nefuthe elibi kwi ngeenxa zonke ophilileyo. ukusebenza yokungcoliseka igalelo yokuba uLwandle Aral ise endleleni ye jet umlambo olomeleleyo umoya, nto leyo inegalelo ukuba kususwe uthuli kwi eziphakamileyo ngomaleko yeegesi, ngoko akumangalisi ukuba nentwana yetyuwa kokungcola waphawula eYurophu kwaye (ngubani ebeya kucinga!) Arctic Ocean .

Kunye nokuthotywa komgangatho wamanzi kule Aral kwehlisa kwinqanaba komhlaba kunye ukukhawulezisa inkqubo kohlaza ezingqongileyo elimi ngayo. Ukususela kwiminyaka yee-1990, endaweni neziyokozela imithana eluhlaza, imithi kunye imifuno zibonwa apha izityalo kuphela, iyimithi onge (Halophyte kunye Xerophytes) apha naphaya ukuba zome nemihlaba saline. Ezincancisayo kunye neentaka, ngokwenza njalo, wayigcina akukho ngaphezu kwesiqingatha iintlobo zomthonyama. Imozulu ngaphakathi kummandla 100 ukusuka unxweme original kwatshintsha Ubusika ehlotyeni esibandayo - shushu ngakumbi lehla izinga ukufuma, leyo, Kakade ke, sichaphazele imali ye kwezulu baba rhoqo kunciphisa ixesha imbalela kunye nohlaza waphawula.

Yichitheni le bume kunokuba ngokukhawuleza kakhulu, kunye nokubuyiselwa kwayo - yinkqubo ende kwaye kunzima. Zalisa ukubuyiselwa kuLwandle Aral, yeha, akusekho kunokwenzeka, kodwa malinge (kwaye watsho) ukufunyanwa osemantla - Small Aral. I-Government of Kazakhstan ngoncedo i-World Bank iya kuthatha amanyathelo ukuphucula umgangatho wayo amanzi yaye ngaloo ndlela anciphise sisongo sayo.