I-avareji ubunzulu Arctic Ocean mphandle ezantsi kunye nemozulu

Ummeli incinane kwiilwandle komhlaba - i-Arctic. Sayibamba kummandla North Pole kwaye erhangqwe yi ezahlukeneyo amaqela amazwekazi. Ubunzulu-avareji ye-Arctic Ocean kweemitha 1225. Nguye kolwandle kakhulu nzulu yonke.

isikhundla

Akayi ngaphaya Arctic Circle kwisikhongozelo yamanzi abandayo kunye ice ohlamba lwaseYurophu amazwekazi, zifaka kunye Greenland abavela entla. Ubunzulu-avareji ye-Arctic Ocean incinane ngokufanelekileyo, kodwa ke amanzi kuyo abanda. indawo Surface - million 14,75 ezikwere zeekhilomitha, umthamo - 18.070.000 kwiikhilomitha cubic. Ubunzulu-avareji ye-Arctic Ocean ngeemitha - ngo-1225, lo gama kwindawo zinzulu libekwe ku 5527 yeemitha ngaphantsi komhlaba. Le ngongoma fanele somfula koLwandle Greenland.

nentaba bottom

Malunga oko, yintoni na le avareji kunye nobunzulu iphezulu Arctic Ocean, oosonzululwazi baye bafunda ixesha elide eyadlulayo, kodwa loo nto malunga emazantsi isiqabu ukuya kwimfazwe 1939-1945 phantse nto ayizange ayaziwa. Kule minyaka ilishumi idlulileyo, ulwazi oluninzi ezahlukeneyo lwaqokelelwa ngokusebenzisa matutu kwi icebreakers ngwenya. Xa isakhiwo ezantsi emgongxweni engundoqo ayinabantu, ezithi zibekwe malunga ulwandle abekelwe.

Phantse isiqingatha ndawo yile kwithala ulwandle. Lo mmandla Russian, yena solulelwe 1300 km ngaphezu komhlaba. Kufuphi nonxweme yaseYurophu kweshelfu gangqa kakhulu kwaye kolwabelo olungalinganiyo. Kukho amacebiso ukuba kwenzeka phantsi kwempembelelo Pleistocene ezihambayo. Eli ziko a elimbhoxo kubunzulu umngxuma omkhulu, lwahlulwe University Ridge, yafunyanwa kwaye wafunda ngokuyinxenye emva kwemfazwe. YaseYurophu phakathi kweshelfu wathi kummango wolula isitya kabani ubunzulu na phakathi km-4 no-6. Kwelinye icala kummango yolula emgongxweni yesibini, leyo 3400m ubunzulu.

Ukusuka Pacific Arctic enxulumene wethu Strait, ekhonkxiwe Atlantic kolona kuLwandle Norwegian. Ubume emazantsi imbopheleleko kuphuhliso ngokubanzi kwingingqi lizwekazi nonxweme kwakunye kwamanzi. Oku kuchaza avareji ubunzulu ephantsi kakhulu Arctic Ocean - ngaphezu kwe-40% yendawo gangqa 200 m ezinye i offshore ..

izimo zemvelo

Ocean kwemozulu kumiselwa indawo yayo. kwimozulu embi mandundu yi isixa esikhulu yomkhenkce - tyubhu akuthethi kunyibilika ngonaphakade oko ngundoqo isitya.

Unyaka-round kule iinkanyamba Arctic ukuphuhlisa. Anticiklon esebenzayo ubukhulu becala ebusika, lo gama ehlotyeni isiwe kulo isiphambuka kunye Pacific Ocean. Iinkanyamba lisusa kwi kummandla zasehlotyeni. Ngenxa olu tshintsho, umkhenkce polar ichazwe ngokucacileyo ukwahlukahlukana womoya. Winter ithatha ukusuka kuNovemba ukuya Epreli, ehlotyeni - ukususela ngoJuni ku-Agasti. Ngaphandle yavela phezu iinkanyamba kolwandle apha rhoqo ukuhamba iinkanyamba ababevela ngaphandle.

Ulawulo umoya iNorth Pole ayikho efanayo, kodwa isantya ngentla-15 m / s ngokubonakalayo lungenzeki. Xiyimo phezu Arctic Ocean advantageously nodibaniso olunesantya ka-3-7 m / s.
I-avareji lobushushu ebusika - +4 ukuya -40 ehlotyeni - 0 ukuya +10 degrees Celsius.

amafu Low uba periodicity ethile apha ekuhambeni konyaka. Ehlotyeni, amathuba namafu ifikelela 90-95% ebusika - 40-50%. Isibhakabhaka ivamile kuba ixesha ebandayo. Summer fogs rhoqo, maxa wambi bangemi ukuya ngeveki.

Imvula, wayenza le ndawo - ikhephu. Iimvula phantse musani kwenzeka, yaye ukuba, lo rhoqo likhephu. Falls ngonyaka 80-250 mm, kummandla ka-Europe entla Arctic Basin - kancinci. Le ikhephu iphantsi, oko hhayi lonke ezisasaziweyo. Kwiinyanga ezifudumeleyo, ikhephu linyibilike ngononophelo, maxa wambi uya kude ngokupheleleyo.

Imozulu isembindini lithambile ngakumbi namadlelo (kufuphi nonxweme inxalenye Asia naseAsiya nakuMntla Melika). Amanzi ukungena nemisinga efudumeleyo Atlantic, ezenza gqaba-gqaba ngendlela ummandla wamanzi yonke yolwandle.

Biota

Ubunzulu-avareji ye-Arctic Ocean kwanele ukuba ukuvela kukho inani elikhulu eziphilayo ezahlukeneyo kumhlathi yakhe. Kwingingqi Atlantic amaninzi ukubonwa inani ezahlukeneyo iintlanzi ezifana cod, bass ulwandle, herring, haddock, saithe. Kulwandle kumiwa hi iminenga, ikakhulu Greenlandic kunye ezinemizila.

Kulo lonke elo Arctic akukho imithi, nangona kumantla eRashiya kunye yaseScandinavia Peninsula ikhula nespruce, nompleyini nkqu ezinde. Izihluma kumathafa amela cereal, ulele, iintlobo ezininzi ezinde, sedge, semingculuba etyumke ubudoda. Summer lifutshane, kodwa Ubusika labhubha imisebe solar, lukwakhuthaza umsebenzi ukukhula kunye nophuhliso izihluma. Umhlaba afudunyezwe kwiingcamba eliphezulu ukuya degrees-20, kunye nokunyusa izinga maleko eliphantsi.

Le peculiarity izilwanyana ye-Arctic - ukusikelwa umda iintlobo intabalala ngabameli ngamnye kubo. I-Arctic - kwekhaya amabhere, iimpungutye Arctic, emhlophe-izikhova, iintaka, Ingekalili, partridges kunye Lemmings emathafeni. Kwiilwandle ngaphakathi isilo solwandle esinamabamba amade neenkomo, narwhals, seals kunye neminenga ukutya.

Hayi kuphela avareji kunye nobunzulu iphezulu Arctic Ocean kugqiba inani lezilwanyana nezityalo ukuya embindini wolwandle liyancipha lexinene ngobuninzi kweentlobo ukuba ahlale ndawo.