Izinto Anti-zochuku: isishwankathelo, iimpawu kunye nezicelo

Inkqubo yokusebenza kweeyunithi zobugcisa, oomatshini kunye namaqela elementi ngamnye kwezixhobo lithi ekugqibeleni kunye kukuwohloka. Mutual izinto zesenzo ngoomatshini ezishiyanayo ayifani kwezinye ngayinye ukuya lingonakali kwemiphezulu zabo nentshabalalo isakhiwo lwangaphakathi. Ngaphezu koko, isiphumo ofanayo rhoqo kunye nokusingqongileyo ngokohlobo ukhukuliseko cavitation. Ngenxa yoko, kukho ilahleko yobugcisa yokusebenza, okanye ubuncinane ukuncitshiswa iipropati zokusebenza. Nokubuyekezwa zilandelayo olungumgubo zochuku kunye anti-zochuku izinto kuya kukunceda ukuba uqonde iindlela ezinciphisa ezirhabaxa ezingathandekiyo. izinto ezinjalo akukhuthazwa ukuba zisetyenziswe kunye nezixhobo mveliso kunye zombane ekhaya, kwakunye nezixhobo zokwakha.

Ukungaboni ungquzulwano anti-ukukhuhlana izinto

Ingqalelo ezi zinto kwi kumxholo omnye ngenxa yokuba umsebenzi wabo ezinxulumene luphawu jikelele iindlela - zochuku. Kodwa ukuba izakhi anti-zochuku kunye nezongezelelo banoxanduva ukwehla kwexabiso, usukuzwano - phezu koko, ukuyandisa. Ngoko ke, umzekelo, Ithatyathwe emigutyeni yonke intsila ne inani ukwanda kunobunye ekwazi ukumelana lingonakali kunye namandla yokugaya iqela ekujoliswe kulo. Ukuze sikwazi ukufezekisa ezi iimpawu izinto zochuku wenza elinjubaqa oxides, carbides, boron, lesilicon kunye nabanye. Ngokwahlukileyo kuzo iziqalelo anti-ukukhuhlana, usukuzwano avamise izinto ezisebenzayo ngokupheleleyo indlela. Oku, ingakumbi, isenokuba iziqhoboshi kunye iklatshi.

Ukubonelela ingxaki yokwandisa zochuku, zisebenza ngaxeshanye kunye neengxaki ezithile zobugcisa. Ngelo izinto xesha, ukukhuhlana kunye anti-zochuku efanayo phambi kokusebenzisa yokupasa nemvavanyo zaselaborathri enzima. Ezo aluminiyamu ukuvavanyelwa iimvavanyo iziqhoboshi apho kunye esitulweni, apho wagqiba ke bona yokusebenzisa kwabo practice. Eyona enobuchwepheshe izinto zochuku of Iipholima namhlanje zenziwe ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo. Ngenxa yoko, indlela brake band asebenzisa izixhobo ukugangatheka - kwiifom wenza kwamagqabi, iipleyiti kunye namacandelo. izinto Belt zenziwa kobugcisa yokwaluka, kunye linings - iqengqwa.

Iimpawu zemathiriyeli anti-ukukhuhlana

Iinkcukacha nge umsebenzi anti-zochuku kufuneka athobele uluhlu olubanzi iimfuno, ukuchaza iimpawu zabo ezisisiseko zomsebenzi. Le nkcazelo lokuqala kufuneka ibe buvumelane iinxalenye ukusukelwa, kwaye kwemo yasemsebenzini. Ngokwemiqathango wokuhambelana phambi nasemva izinto burnishing inika iqondo ezinqwenelekayo zokucutha kunobunye. Apha kufanele kuphawulwe aphilileyo-hlobo. Lo mhlaba limisela ubuchule element ukuba ukunyenyisa ngokwendalo wew geometry we komhlaba ukuma eliphezulu oko kumlungele na indawo yokusebenza. Ngamanye amazwi, le workpiece isuswa isakhiwo ogcweleyo kunye yezitenxo ezincinane, emva koko umsebenzi wokukhusela-kwi uza kunika imiqathango amandla encinci.

Nxiba ukumelana - kwakhona impahla ebalulekileyo yababephethwe ezi mathiriyeli. izinto Anti-zochuku kufuneka isakhiwo esibonelela ukuxhathisa iintlobo ezahlukeneyo ukuguga. Kwangaxeshanye, asimele sibe ngqongqo kakhulu kwaye kunzima umba, njengoko kulo mzekelo iya kwandisa ingozi jamming, oko akufuneki ukuba izinto anti-kunobunye. Ngaphezu koko, iteknoloji uyazimela i propati, kukufakwa ngamasuntswana eqinileyo. Isibakala sokuba iimpikiswano zochuku ngamaqondo ahlukahlukeneyo, kunokuba negalelo kulwabiwo izinto ezincinane - maxa wambi metal. Ngenxa yoko, umphezulu antifriction unalo ubuchule 'ziba "kwi amasuntswana ngokwabo, zizitshabalalise zesithuba sokusebenza.

Metal izinto anti-ukukhuhlana

Products ezisekelwe otyhidiweyo zenza spectrum ezininzi ezibanzi izinto anti-iimpikiswano zochuku qela. Inkoliso yabo ingqalelo ukusebenza kwimowudi zochuku fluid, oko kukuthi, phantsi kweemeko apho iibheringi ezahlulwa enomzimba rolls ioli umaleko. Kodwa xa kokuma futhi uqalisa umatshini baya- kuvela ukukhuhlana ekuthiwa yomda ulawulo, apho umboniso oyile isithunzi amaqondo obushushu aphezulu. izahlulo eqaqambileyo bubuhle ezisetyenziswa maqela ethwele lungohlulwa lube iindidi ezimbini: iziqalelo kunye texture ethambileyo kunye ifaka zeCAPS kwaye aluminium kunye zeendawana ngqongqo kunye ifaka ethambileyo. Ukuba sithethe iqela lokuqala, njengoko izinto anti-zochuku ingasetyenziswa babbitt isinyithi, nobhedu aluminiyamu zobhedu. Ngenxa isakhiwo ethambileyo, bakhawuleza olubengezelayo kwaye kangangexesha elide ukugcina iimpawu ifilimu oyile. Kwelinye icala, inclusions eziqinileyo kubangele ukwanda banxibe ngenxa qha ngoomatshini kunye iziqalelo ezikufutshane - umzekelo, kunye shaft efanayo.

Phantsi kubonisa babbitt ingxubevange, nto leyo isisiseko ilothe okanye etotini. Kwakhona, ngenxa yokuphucula iimpawu ngamnye isakhiwo kungongezwa aluminium alloying. Phakathi uphucula iimpawu onokubakhankanya nokumelana, ngokuba lukhuni, ubulukhuni kunye namandla. Ukutshintsha omnye okanye olunye uphawu ixhomekeke zemathiriyeli alloying ezisetyenzisiweyo. babbits Antifriction ukuze ilungiswe isiqalelo esithambileyo esimhlophe, nickel, ikopolo, kwistibhiya kunye ezifana. D. Ngokomzekelo, babbit standard ngu-80% inkcenkce okanye ilothe, 10% kwistibhiya kwaye intsalela nokuba yobhedu isiqalelo esithambileyo esimhlophe.

aluminiyamu Lead njengendlela kunobunye zokunciphisa

ulwazi olusisiseko aluminiyamu ukuthwala bakhokelayo babbitt. Ukufikeleleka imisela ukusetyenziswa ethile le nto - in imisebenzi ubuncinane umsebenzi uxanduva. isiseko Lead kuthelekiswa ne tin babbit inikeza ngaphantsi ukumelana eliphezulu ngoomatshini kunye nokukhuselwa umhlwa eliphantsi. Kodwa ke, nabo aluminium ezinjalo ayikho ngaphandle tin - umxholo wayo ukufikelela-18%. Ngaphezu koko, ukwakhiwa kunye eyaziswa icandelo zobhedu leyo ethintela iinkqubo yocalulo - ukwabiwa ngokungalinganiyo iimveliso ezahlukeneyo ubunzima metal sikrini.

Izinto phambili elula ngempahla antifriction ebonakala brittleness phezulu, ngoko asetyenziswa kwiimeko ne ekuncipheni imithwalo ezinamandla. Ngokukodwa, ezi iibheringi emishini umkhondo, zikaloliwe kunye namacandelo zobunjineli enzima kwenza up niche setekeni, apho zisetyenziswa ezinjalo izinto. aluminiyamu Antifriction nesicelo calcium zingafonela aluminiyamu ukuguqulwa phambili. Kule meko iphawulwe iimpawu ezifana ezixineneyo kunye conductivity thermal ephantsi. Isiseko njengoko elikhokelayo, kodwa iindawo elaneleyo ngumphelelisi ukubandakanywa sodium yayo, calcium kwistibhiya. Ke iingongoma ezibuthathaka umbandela, ziquka igcwala, ngoko iikhemikhali zosasazo esebenzayo sebenzisa ayikhuthazwa.

Ethetha babbitt, singatsho ukuba oku isicombululo isebenzayo ukunciphisa ukukhuhlana, kodwa wonke iimpawu kusilungele ukusuka kwindawo yokusebenza ngayo. Le propati antifriction elayibrari libe neyalo ukuxhathisa ukudinwa yancitshiswa, zisiba ukusebenza lo element. Noko ke, kwezinye iimeko, ukunqongophala kwamandla babuyekezwe ukubandakanywa kuyilo ngesinyithi okanye housings zentsimbi uphoswe.

Amanqaku aluminiyamu ebizwa ngobhedu

iipropati Physico-chemical sobhedu zidibene ngokulungelelanisiweyo iimfuno ukuzalela aluminium. metal Active, ingakumbi, inika Ufundo resistivity aneleyo yengcinezelo, ithuba ukusebenza kwiimeko kwemithwalo yokothuka, isantya esiphezulu ujikelezo elibizwa njalo njalo. D. Kodwa njengokuba ubhedu zokukhethwa kwimisebenzi eyahlukeneyo iya kuxhomekeka uphawu yayo. Umsebenzi efanayo format ufaka phantsi imithwalo kukothuka kwamkelekile ukuba bamakishe BrOS30, kodwa akukhuthazwa ukuba Braze. Kukho umahluko eklasini bronzes izinto kwiipropati mechanical. Eli qela iimpawu ziya kuxhomekeka kuhlobo neza kunye emigodini lukhuni yaye ukusetyenziswa stud, enokuthi ibe lukhuni olongezelelweyo. Kwakhona, asinakukwazi ukuthetha malunga nesakhiwo monolithic le ingxubevange.

Bronze Ware nayo ziquka inkcenkce, nobhedu, bakhokele. Kulo mzekelo, ukuba zonke ezi zesinyithi zingasetyenziswa njenge babbitt isiseko, izinto anti-zochuku esekelwe ngobhedu zisetyenziswa kunqabile kakhulu. Kulo mzekelo i candelo sobhedu rhoqo enze esetyenziswa ukuncedisana ne umxholo ofanayo ka-2-3% ratio. Indibaniselwano ngokufanelekileyo inclusions nebhekile-phambili. Zinika inani elaneleyo njengoko component antifriction ingxubevange, nangona ezinye ezaqanjwa balahlekelwe ngokuphathelele amandla ngoomatshini. izinto Ludityanisiwe zobhedu zisetyenziswa ekwenziweni lokuzala monolithic Iimowutha, injini, iiyunithi isiguquli kunye nezinye iiyunithi ezisebenza koxinzelelo oluphezulu nesantya sliding elisezantsi.

izinto powder ukukhuhlana

izinto ezifana zisetyenziswe sisincoko yenzelwe yokudluliswa iyunithi elekhtrons izithuthi lokhozi, iimoto, izixhobo umatshini, oomatshini zokwakha kunye manqaku eyenziweyo ezifana. D. esekelwe kumacandelo powder eveliswa ngokohlobo linings zecandelo kunye disc pads. Ngelo xesha linye okubonakalayo ukuba uhlobo antifriction emigutyeni ingxubevange akhiwa ngayo nokuhlelwa efanayo njengoko kunjalo ezinamacandelo zochuku - basoloko sebenzisa ngentsimbi nobhedu, kodwa kukho nezinye ezihamba kunye.

Ngokomzekelo, izinto ze-aluminiyam nenkcenkce lobhedu, eziquka grafayithi, kukhokelela ngempumelelo azibonakalisa phantsi zochuku kwi utyhala iinkcukacha isantya malunga-50 m / s. Ngendlela, xa iibheringi ngesantya ka-5 m / s, inqaku metal umgubo ukuze kufakwe izinto zeplastikhi ekrwada. Le izinto labalandeli anti-zochuku kunye nesakhiwo nokusebenza nokuncipha amandla. Noko ke, inzuzo kakhulu ngokubhekiselele ekusetyenzisweni phantsi koxinzelelo ephakamileyo ingqalelo izinto zentsimbi nangobhedu. Le kwezithako kusetyenziswa grafayithi, oxide lesilicon okanye barium. izinto data umsebenzi ekhoyo noxinzelelo ka 300 MPA kunye isantya sliding-60 m / s.

izinto powder antifriction

Powder izinto ziveliswa kwaye iimveliso anti-kunobunye. Bona ebonakala ukunganyangeki wear phezulu, inani eliphantsi ungquzulwano kunye nokukwazi ukuba uzilile shaft abalekayo. Kwakhona, izinto umgubo anti-zochuku abe kwiqela lokulungileyo kuthelekiswa ne-aluminium ezinciphisa ezirhabaxa. Kwanele ukuba uqaphele ukuba intsebenzo yabo ngonyamezelo nge-avareji ngaphezulu kule babbitt efanayo. Ukuma misindo ezenziwa ngumgubo ngesinyithi, yenza izinto zokuthambisa ukumitha kakuhle.

Abavelisi banethuba ubumbe imveliso yokugqibela kwiintlobo ezahlukeneyo. Oko ihlelwe okanye amalungu matrix kunye nemingxuma intermediate zezinye ekrwada ekhululekile. Ngokwahlukileyo koko, kwezinye iindawo kwisidingo esikhulu ukwenzela izinto ngumgubo anti-zochuku ukuba isiseko isidumbu myagkotelnuyu. Iiseli ezizodwa enikiweyo eziqinileyo kumanqanaba ahlukeneyo nokusasazeka. Olu phawu kubaluleke kakhulu ukusuka kwindawo Ngenxa ithuba ukulawulwa parameters emisela ngobunzulu iinxalenye kunobunye.

izinto Polymer Anti-ukukhuhlana

izinto Modern polymeric kwenza kube lula ukuba bafumane iindawo ezintsha zobugcisa yokusebenza bewuhlisele ivuse. Njengoko esisiseko ingasetyenziswa, yaye aluminium edityanisiweyo, kunye Ithatyathwe emigutyeni netyhidiweyo. Enye iimpawu eziphambili olwahlula ezi zinto kukukwazi babele ngokulungelelana ke additive lonke isakhiwo, nto leyo eya kuqhubeka ukusebenza njenge igrisi esiqinileyo. Uluhlu izinto ezinjalo bathi graphites, sulphide, iiplastiki kunye nezinye kusitsha. Iimpawu zokusebenza kwezinto Polymer kunye antifriction ubukhulu becala idibane kwinqanaba isiseko ngaphandle osekhohlo: umlinane encinane ungquzulwano ukuxhathisa bume lovukelo, kunye nokukwazi ukusebenza zolwelo medium. Ukuba sithethe ngeempawu eyodwa Iipholima nako ukwenza imisebenzi yabo ngaphandle ukuqinisa kunye grease okhethekileyo.

Ukusetyenziswa kwezixhobo udonga lokuzikhusela ivuse

Uninzi izinto anti-zochuku ekuqaleni kubalwa ekusetyenzisweni wokunikela amaqela. Phakathi kwazo kukho iinkcukacha eziyilelwe ukwandisa luvukelo ukuguga, kunye namacandelo, isiliphu. In Machine kunye neemveliso ezifana asetyenziswa xa kusenziwa amaqhina Pistons injini koqiniso, turbines kunye ezifana. D. Apha izixhobo basis consumables antifriction ziquka utyhala iibheringi eziza kuqaliswa kwi isakhiwo kwisisu semoto kunye nezixhobo zokubhala.

Ushishino lokwakha, kakhulu, ayikho ngaphandle umsebenzi anti-kunobunye. Ukusebenzisa iindawo ezinjalo ngokomelezwa izakhiwo zobunjineli, izakhiwo obandayo kunye nezinto wamatye. Ukwakhiwa iziporo zisetyenziswa ufakelo elements noshowo le kaloliwe. Common kunye nokusetyenziswa kwezixhobo antifriction rhoqo polymeric, leyo ukufumana indawo yazo, ezifana nomphetho pulleys isakhiwo, amagiya, ibhanti drives kunye like. D.

isiphelo

ukuxabana ekunciphiseni msebenzi kuphela efika kuqala kubonakale aphakamileyo yaye ngokufuthi yokuzikhethela. Ukuphuculwa ulwelo yokuqaba ngokwenene uya kuphelisa ezinye iindlela zokuxhasa izinto zobugcisa, kunciphisa zinxibe kwiqela yokusebenza engundoqo. Isixando link evela babbit classical a lungiswa eliphezulu igrisi ukuze kuchazwe izinto polymeric antifriction iphawulwa isakhiwo lithambile yaye nsimbi ngokwemiqathango bume yomsebenzi. Noko ke, umsebenzi iinxalenye metal ngamandla nempembelelo ebonakalayo nangoku kufuna ukufakwa pads anti-ukukhuhlana esiqinileyo. Ngaphezu koko, le udidi lwe kufunda nje isekelwe kwixa elidlulileyo, kodwa kukwakhulisa ngenxa ngcono iimpawu amandla, ngokuba lukhuni kunye nozinzo ngoomatshini.