Kama i-Automobile Plant, uNaberezhnye Chelny: imbali, iimveliso, izibonakaliso

If Automobile Complex ihlala kwisixeko saseNaberezhnye Chelny. Isityalo sivelisa izithuthi ezinzima kwaye yenye yeyona nkampani ebalulekileyo kwiiprofayili kwihlabathi. Inkampani ivelisa iimveliso phantsi kwegama eliqhelekileyo elithi "KamAZ". Indawo apho i-Kamsky Automobile Plant ikhona khona? Ngaba iqoqo lezimoto kunye neziseko eziqhubekayo ezikhulayo.

Ukutyala koqoqosho lwesizwe

Isigqibo sokwakha isityalo sapapashwa ngo-1969. Indawo yokuhlala yokuhlala yonyulwa idolophu encinane yaseNaberezhnye Chelny kuMlambo waseKu. Ukuchithwa kwezinto kwakuzimisele ukuqwalasela ukusetyenziswa kwamalungiselelo okuhanjiswa nokuthunyelwa kwempahla. Isixeko siphelele phantse kwiziko laseSoviet Union, kunye nemilambo yaseVolga neNif, kwakunokwenzeka ukuhambisa izinto zokwakha kunye nezixhobo kwiindibano zocweyo ngokuthuthwa kwamanzi. Inzuzo yayiyi-network ephuhlisiweyo yezitimela kunye nemigwaqo emikhulu.

Kwixesha elide, indawo yokuhlala kunye nezakhiwo zixazulula umba wokuthumela iimveliso zezityalo kumthengi. Umsebenzi wokwakha kwiindawo zokuvelisa kunye nokwakhiwa kwempahla yezindlu kwenziwa nguKamGESenergostroy. Ukwakhiwa kwakunzima kunye namazwe ngamazwe, imibutho engaphezu kwe-2 yeenkonzo zonke ze-USSR zabandakanyeka ekuzalisekeni imiyalelo yesityalo esizayo.

Ukuqala kokwakhiwa

Kama i-Automobile Plant yanikezelwa ngezinto ezifanelekileyo, ubuchwepheshe kunye nezixhobo. Izixhobo zanikezelwa ngamashishini asekhaya nakwiinkampani zangaphandle, ezifana neHitachi, i-Renault, i-Liebher, njl. Ingqikithi, ukuhanjiswa kwenziwa ngamaqela angama-700 angaphandle.

Umsebenzi wokwakha waqalwa ebusika ka-1969. Umlinganiselo wokuvelisa umgangatho wokuqinisekisa ukukhutshwa kweeyunithi eziyi-150,000 zezithuthi ezinzima, kunye nokuqinisekisa iindibano zeenjini ezingama-250,000 kunyaka. Yonke imveliso yenkqantosi ihlala kwiikhilomitha ezili-57 zendawo kwimida yoMlambo i-Kama.

Indlela epheleleyo

If Automobile Plant i-enterprise-forming enterprise. Kanye kunye nezakhiwo, izakhiwo zokuhlala kunye neziseko zedolophu zakhiwe. Abaqeshwa bafumana izindlu ezizinzileyo, izikolo, amaziko ezonyango, i-kindergartens, iinkonzo zabathengi, ezemidlalo kunye neenkcubeko zenkcubeko. Ngonyaka ukuya kwii-40 zeengcali ezafika kwisixeko. Kwinqanaba lokuqala labantu babengabantu abangamawaka ama-27, namhlanje kunabantu abangaphezu kwesigidi sesigidi esixekweni.

Imoto yokuqala yavela kumgca wendibano yeeworkshops ezintsha ngoFebruwari 1976. Kuza kube yimhla, inani leemveliso liqikelelwa kwizigidi. Kule minyaka, i-Kamsky Automobile Plant iqokelele imoto engaphezu kwezigidi ezi-2 kunye neenjini eziyi-3 yezigidi. Ukuthunyelwa ngaphandle kuqhutyelwa kumazwe angaphezu kwemashumi asibhozo ehlabathini, elo elo livili lesithathu elinamanani okwandiswa kwamanani kwii-CIS kumazwe aseKamAZ.

Amanyathelo okuphuhliswa

Phantse zonke iindawo zoqoqosho lwelizwe ziquka iimoto eziveliswe yi-Kama Automobile Plant. Imbali yesityalo iyazi kakuhle kwaye ihla, kodwa umkhiqizo awuzange unqume. Isigaba sokuqala somthamo wemveliso sathunywe ngoDisemba 1976. Ngethuba lokuqaliswa kwalo, inkampani inemali engcono kakhulu, amaxesha amabini aphezulu ngaphezu komsebenzi ophezulu weVAZ enkulu.

Amanani okukhula kwemveliso kunye nokwandiswa kokwakhiwa kwakukho ukurekhoda irekhodi kwishishini:

• Isicwangciso sokuqala sonyaka sokuvelisa (1977) sigqityiwe ngo-Oktobha kunye nesalathisi seemoto eziyi-15. Ekupheleni konyaka, lo mfanekiso uphucule ngabanye ama-7,000.
• I-KamAZ eyikhulu lamawaka iphuma kuloo mhlangano ngoJuni 1979.
• Isigaba sesibini somthamo wemveliso saqala ukusebenza ngo-1981.
• Uma i-Automobile Plant ngo-1983 yamisela ikhamera ye-KamAZavtotsentr, kwindawo ekunikezelwa kuyo i-warranty service yamashishini akhiqizweyo, ukubonelela ngeenqwelo. Ekuqaleni kwee-1990 kwakukho amaziko enkonzo angama-210 kwiimpahla zeenkampani.
• Ngowe-1987, isityalo saqalisa umthamo wokuvelisa imoto ye-minicar brand "Oka". Ukususela ngo-1994, imveliso ifumene isimo sesityalo esahlukileyo, amandla ayo kubalwa ukuveliswa kweemoto ezingama-75,000 ngonyaka.
• Ngowe-1988, iqela lokugijima lihlelwe kubasebenzi bezityalo zaseKamz (iKamsky Automobile Plant) negama elithi KamAZ-Master, owamkela amanqaku amaninzi kwimigangatho yeevenkile zasekhaya nakwamanye amazwe.

Ukuzinza

Indawo yokuThengisa iimoto (Naberezhnye Chelny) ngo-1990 yaba yinkampani yokubambisana. Ngentwasahlobo ka-1993, i-fire-scale fire broke out in the enterprise kwisakhiwo senjini, ichithe phantse zonke izixhobo ezixabisekileyo kunye nezakhiwo. Amanyathelo okubuyiswa kwamathambo athatyathwa phantse emva kwentlekele. Ngomhla kaDisemba ngaloo nyaka, iivenkile zaqala ukuvelisa ii-injini kwakhona.

Ngo-1996, i-JSC KamAZ yafudukela kwimeko entsha, ibe yinkampani ehlanganisiweyo yokugcina impahla. Ngomnyaka ofanayo, umzekelo wendlela entsha yokwenza itekisi ye-KamAZ-6520 yenziwe kwi-shishini, eyanike isiqalo kumgca wemodeli emitsha yezixhobo. Imveliso yeMisa yaqala ngo-1998.

Amanyathelo ahlangeneyo

Kwiminyaka emininzi ibhizinisi langeniswa kunye nezicwangciso ezihlaziyiweyo kunye nomzekelo ophunyeziweyo webhasi ye-NefAZ-5299 kunye nekhefu elisisiseko se-KamAZ-5297 i-chassis. Ngowe-2003 inkampani yabonisa imoto yemveliso yeKamAZ-4308, ejoliswe kwizibonelelo zedolophu.

Ngomhla kaNovemba 2005, isityalo sazisa umbutho wentsebenziswano ehlanganyeneyo-inkxalabo yeJamani ye-auto ZF Friedrichshafen AG kunye ne-OJSC KamAZ, isakhiwo saqanjwa ngokuthi nguOOO ZF KAMA.

Ehlobo, imivalo yemveliso yavulwa eKazakhstan (iKokshetau) kunye nokudalwa kweRashiya-Kazakh kunye neCummins KAMA. Kwixesha elizayo, intsebenziswano kunye namaqabane aseYurophu nabasebenzi basekhaya baye bawandisa. Kukho ii-JV kunye neenkampani ezivela e-USA, eJamani, eIndiya, e-Austria kunye namanye amazwe.

Ixesha langoku

I-KamAZ yezigidi ezimbini ezikhunjulwayo zakhishwa kwi-assembly line ehamba phambili ngoFebruwari 2012. Ngonyaka ozayo, uchungechunge lwamaloli elayini elitsha lomzekelo lwaqala - i-KamAZ-5490 (itrektare enkulu). Kwiminyaka elandelayo, iitrakta ze-KamAZ-65206 zeempawu kunye ne-KAMAZ-65207 kwi-trunk trunk zaqaliswa kulolu chungechunge.

Imveliso entsha ngo-2015 yayiyiibhasi zombane ezazalelwa ngenxa yentsebenziswano neDrayivu Electro (iRashiya). Uvavanyo lweemvavanyo lwaluqhutyelwa kwiimeko zentsimi zamatye kwaye lubonise umphumo owanelisayo. Ngaloo nyaka, inkampani yaqala ukuvavanya isithuthi esingenanto esingenakunyulwa esenziwa kwishishini.

Ngo-2016, ishishini lafakwa ukusebenza, kwiindawo apho izidumbu zeenqwelo zeenqwelo zeenqwelo zeenqwelo ze-K5 ziza kuveliswa, eza kuba yiprojekthi enkulu kunazo zonke ukususela ekwakhiweni kwesityalo se-KamAZ ngokwawo.

Uhlobo lwe-Automobile Plant ngo-2017 lucebise ukuphela kokufakwa kwendibano yeenjini kwiinjini zoluhlobo olutsha-u-6 umqolo we-P6. Okwangoku, umsebenzi wokwakha ugqityiwe kwaye wamukelwa yikhomishoni, izixhobo zifakwe kwiinkampani "Heckert" (eJamani). Kuze kube sekupheleni konyaka, kucetywayo ukuhlanganisa ii-injini zee-prototype ezingamakhulu amabini kumgca omtsha.

U ku velisa

Enye yezona zikhulu ezinkulu zeemoto eRashiya kunye nehlabathi yiKamsky Automobile Plant. Isikhumbuzo se-KAMAZ asiyazi nje kwizikhala ezivulekileyo, kodwa nakwamanye amazwe. Eli shishini livelisa uluhlu olukhulu lweemoto, uomatshini, iinjine, luvelisa imisebenzi ehambelana nayo, inika inkonzo.

If Automobile Plant, iimveliso:

• Iimoto zengqungquthela (iitrato, iilori ezinzima, iilori zokulahla, oomatshini abakhethekileyo kunye ne-CMU).
• Izithuthi ezizodwa (iinqwelo zerori, iilori zamataki, abaxakeli beloli, abaqhubi beqhwa, amaloli, ama-rigs, njl njl).
• Izithuthi zebhaluni (iibhasi, iilori zokulahla, iinqwelo zerori, iilori zamatriki, izithuthi zikamasipala, njl.).
• Iibhasi (idolophu, idolophu, i-intercity, iibhasi zombane).
• Iidrafikhi (abahamba ngeendlela kunye nabahamba ngeendlela, iithwali zithuthi, abahamba ngeendlela kunye neendlela ezihamba phambili-iitanki, njl.).
• Izixhobo zokuzikhusela iimoto ezivelisiweyo kunye nezixhobo.
• Isixhobo esilandelayo (izitulo zamandla omatshini amancinane, izigqeba zombane, izigulane, iinjini, iiyunithi zamandla, njl.).

Amashishini afanayo kunye neenkonzo

I-gi-giant auto-giant ibandakanya inani elikhulu lamashishini, apho, njengenxalenye yeshishini lonke, athengisa iimveliso zawo.

Iifayile zeQela le-KamAZ kunye neemveliso:

• Isithuthi esinezixhobo (iimpahla zokuqhuba ibhuloho, iibhuloho zezithuthi, imihlobiso ye-balancer, ii-kits zokulungisa, kwiipulatifomu ze-board, njl.).
• Isityalo sokubumba (i-crankshafts, levers, gears, ii-rotary fists, ii-cams-cams, ii-hubs, ama-flanges, njl.
• I-Foundry (ityhidi yentsimbi, insimbi, umbala, okhethekileyo, izixhobo kunye nezixhobo zemisebenzi yesiseko).
• Imveliso yefowuni yokucoca (ukucoca kunye nokusika isinyithi, ukudweba kweemveliso zetsimbi, ukuveliswa kweemveliso zetampu, iinxalenye ezixutywe, iiyunithi, njl.).
• Ukucocwa nokuvelisa izityalo (ukuphuhliswa nokuveliswa kwezinto zokucoca, ukulinganisa, izixhobo ezincedisayo, izixhobo ezizodwa, ukuvelisa kunye nokuthengiswa kwezinto ezicwangcisiweyo kumatshini, izixhobo, iinkonzo zokuphelisa izixhobo zamashishini, ukuma, ukuhlaziywa kwezixhobo ezigqibeleleyo nezingapheliyo, ukufakwa kweenkqubo ze-CNC njl.
• Injini yezityalo (iinjini zendibano ngokubhekiselele kwiminqweno yomthengi, ukuthengiswa kweenjini zeenjini, unyango lwezithuthi, i-galvanic unyango lwamaqela, unyango lwamaziko, ukuchonga, njl.).
• I-Metrology (ukulinganiswa kwezixhobo zokulinganisa, ukuqinisekiswa kweendlela zokulawula ukunyamezela, iinkonzo zelabhoratri ye-metrological, njl.).
• Inkonzo yabathengi (amaziko aqinisekisiwe KamAZ, ukugcinwa, izalathisi zokuqala zokugcina kuzo zonke iinqwelo zemoto ezivelisiweyo kunye nenkonzo yesiqinisekiso).

Izalathisi zokusebenza jikelele ze-2016 (IFRS)

Ngo-2016, ingeniso ehlanganisiweyo yenkampani yayingu-133,540 yezigidi zeeruble, eziyi 37% ephakamileyo kunonyaka odlulileyo. Inkampani ikholelwa ukuba ukuphuculwa kwentsebenzo yezemali kubangelwa ukuqaliswa komgaqo omtsha wemodeli wee-KAMAZ ezisemthethweni. Inxaxheba ebalulekileyo ekuboniseni iziqulatho kunye nokulinganisa kwenzelwa ukuphunyezwa kweprogram yokufaka indawo yokungenisa ilizwe, ukunyusa umkhiqizo wabasebenzi, ukuphumelela kolawulo kunye nokuqaliswa kobuchwepheshe obuphambili.

Ifayile yeeNqweliso zokuThengisa iimoto ngo-2016:

• Ingeniso ehlanganisiweyo - 133,540 yezigidi zeeruble.
• Ukuqaphela - i-34 432 amaloli (uphuculo ukususela kunyaka odlulileyo nge-16%).
• Ukunyuka kwesabelo sobukho kwimakethe yasekhaya ngu-56% (ngo-2015 isibonakaliso sasisezingeni lama-51%).
• Inzuzo engenayo - i-ruble eziyi-656 yezigidi. (Ngo-2015 - ukulahlekelwa kweeruble ezingama-2.38.)
• Inzuzo (i-EBITDA) - 4.6% (ngo-2015 - 2.6%).

Iimpawu ngo-2017

Ngokweziphumo zekota yokuqala, ingeniso yemali evela kwimpahla ibonisa ukwanda ngokuthelekiswa kunye nexesha elifanayo ngo-2016 kwaye lilingana nama-ruble angama-26.4 (ngo-2016 ukuya kwi-rubli yeebhiliyoni ezingama-17.2.) Ingeniso epheleleyo yaba ngama-ruble angama-34.4 Ngo-2016 ukulahleka kwakuyi-ruble 2.2 yezigidi.)

Ngo-2017, kucetywayo ukusebenzisa ii-ruble ezigidi ezili-20 ekuphuhliseni. Kwiindawo eziphambili - utyalo-mali ekwakhiweni kwemveliso yefayili yezidumbu, ukufakwa endaweni yokungenisa indawo, umbutho wokuveliswa kweenjini ezi-six-cylinder (isizukulwana esitsha), ukuphuhliswa kweemoto zanamhlanje. Imveliso ecwangcisiweyo yemodeli yeemoto iinqwelo zesixhobo ezingama-36.

Zo khenketho

Kwiindawo ezininzi zamashishini amakhulu kukho ihotele ezikhokelwayo, enye yazo i-Kamsky Automobile Plant. Iifoto zezakhiwo zoshishino, amabali anenkcazo malunga neenkqubo zobuchwepheshe, imbali yesityalo kunye nethuba lokubona izizukulwana ezitsha zeemoto zenzeke ngokoqobo ngenxa yomgaqo-nkqubo wokuvula. Ukuze u tyelele i-workshop, irekhodi lokuqala liyimfuneko. Izihlandlo ziqhutyelwa kumaqela ababathathi-3 ukuya kuma-20 abathathi-nxaxheba ngamagunya ohambo olwamkelekileyo.

Ezicetywayo zokuhamba:

• I sithuthi se sithuthi.
• Foundry.
• Plant Engine
• Ifowuni yefowuni.
• Ukutyelela izityalo ezimbini (iinjini kunye nemoto).

Izihlandlo ziqhutywa ngeliveki esebenzayo.

Ulwazi olu luncedo

Isityalo "iKamAZ" kwisilinganiselo sehlabathi yindawo yesithoba phakathi kwezityalo zeemoto. Ikampani isebenzisa abantu abangamawaka ama-52. Abathengi abaziintloko kunye nabathengi nguMphathiswa weemeko ezixakekayo, uMphathiswa wezoKhuselo waseRussia Federation, TNK, Gazprom. Iimveliso zithunyelwa kwiIndiya, eChina, emazweni eCIS, eSaudi Arabia, e-Iran, ePanama nakwamanye amazwe.

Ukuba unomdla apho i-Kamsky Automobile Plant ikhona khona, idilesi yalo ilandelayo: IRiphabliki yaseTatarstan, uNaberezhnye Chelny, iAvtozavodskaya Prospect, isakhiwo 2.