SAU "Hyacinth". Inkqubo yokukhusela i-2S5 "Hyacinth": iinkcukacha zobugcisa kunye neefoto

Abantu abaninzi abanomdla kwiimbambano zomkhosi bazenzele iimbono eziphosakeleyo ukuba iinqwelo zengqungquthela phantsi kweemeko ezikhoyo ziye zazingabonakali. Kwaye inyaniso: kubonakala ngathi, yintoni na xa i-rocket isikhali ilawula kwimfazwe? Thatha ixesha lakho, akulula.

Inyaniso kukuba i-arrelery barriery is cheaper in production and operation. Ukongeza, kunye nokusetyenziswa kwama-projectile kunye ne-optico-laser guidance (Kitolov-2), inamandla (kumgama oqhelekileyo, okwenyani) ukuba ungabonakali iziphumo ezingathandekiyo kunamacwecwe emfazweni. Musa ukulibala malunga netyala lokusebenzisa iindleko ezincinci zeesomkhulu. Kwiimeko zemfazwe embi, oku kunokuba luncedo kakhulu.

Yingakho namhlanje siza kuxubusha i-SAU "Hyacinth" - enye yeendlela ezintle kakhulu kule nkalo.

Ngaphambili

Ngexesha leMfazwe yeSizwe yeBili, izixhobo zokuzikhusela izibhamu zazikho isikhali esinamandla nesingozi, ubukho obunokubakho isigqibo sokuba i-battle in favor of one or other side of the conflict. Intengo yabo yayingaphantsi kuneleyo yamathangi, kodwa ngeemeko ezithile kwaye ezingekho iinqwelo ezizikhuselekileyo zikarhulumente zingakwazi ukutshabalalisa iinqwelo ezinkulu zentshaba. Ilizwe lethu, oku kubaluleke kakhulu kwiqonga lokuqala lemfazwe, xa izixhobo zempi zazisweleka kakhulu, kwaye imveliso yayo yayiza kube lula kwaye ixabiso lentengo kangangoko kunokwenzeka.

Ngokuqhelekileyo onke amahlulo e-motorcycle engama-USSR kwithuba lokugqibela emva kwemfa ayexhotywe ngamathangi kunye neenkqubo zokulawula ngokuzenzekelayo ngokuxubene. Ibutho ngalinye leenqwelo zezixhobo elinesithuthuthu liphethe i-artillery armament, elalimelelwe ibhetri epheleleyo ye-SU-76. Isabelo sezinye izixhobo zokhuselo ezenziwe ngexesha lemfazwe liye landa kakhulu.

Zonke iinkqubo zokulawula ngokuzenzekelayo, ezamkelwa ngenkonzo ngelo xesha, zazijoliswe kuphela ekuxhaseni abantwana abahlaselayo ekulwa. Nangona kunjalo, kwiminyaka emva kwemfazwe, imfundiso yempi yayimisela ngokubanzi ukusetyenziswa kwezitshixo ezizimeleyo kunye okanye endaweni yamatankeni.

Kwi-50-60-i-indima yenkqubo yokulawula ngokuzenzekelayo yawa rhoqo. Ngokuqhelekileyo umbuzo wawuvela malunga nokupheliswa okupheleleyo kwemveliso yabo kunye nokutshintshwa kwale hlobo leempahla ngamathangi. Ngako-ke, phakathi kweminyaka engamashumi ama-60 kwimizekelo emitsha yamatye e-self-propelled. Phantse zonke zazisekelwe kwi-tank ye-tank ye-World World Second, enezixhobo ezintsha zokulwa.

Ukuhla kwelo shishini

Ekupheleni kwee-50 zangekhulu lokugqibela uKitita Khrushchev, umtsalane onomdla wezixhobo ze-rocket, wagwetywa ngokukhawuleza ekupheleni kwezinto ezikhuselekileyo kwi-USSR. Kungenxa yoko, siye salahla emva kwabadlali bethu abanokuthi singabikho iminyaka elishumi. Imbali iphinda ijezise ngokuphindaphindiweyo i-USSR ngenxa yokungahambi kakuhle: kwakusele kwiminyaka engamashumi ama-60 ukuba ixabiso le-trunk artillery lahlala kwinqanaba elinye. Oku kwakucaciswe ngokucacileyo yiqhekeza eChina, emva koko uNobhala Jikelele ubuyekeze izimvo zakhe ngale ngxaki.

Emva koko i-Kuomintangers yafaka ibhetri yonke yamanzi aseYamerican ahlala ixesha elide kwaye yaqala ukugoba ngokukhawuleza indawo yendawo yaseChina. Abacebisi baseTshayina nabasemagunyeni bethu babesesikhundleni esingenakukhathazeka. Babeneemonnoni ze-M-46 nge-130 mm, kodwa ama-projectiles abo awazange afinyelele kwiibhetri zeentshaba, nangona ukuba umoya wawuthandekile. Omnye wabacebisi baseSoviet waphakamisa indlela yokuqala yokuphuma: ukwenzela ukufezekisa injongo, kwakudingeka nje ukufudumala iigobols!

Amacala omabini omzabalazo wamangaliswa gqitha, kodwa ukuwamkela kwaphumelela. Kwakule imeko eyayishukumisela ukuphuhliswa kwe-SAU "Hyacinth" ngo-1968. Indalo yayo yayithunywe yiengcali ze-Perm.

Izikhokelo zomsebenzi

Ekubeni umsebenzi wawufuneka ugqitywe ngokukhawuleza kunokwenzeka, ukuphuhliswa kwangoko kwindlela ezimbini. Iingcali zisebenze zombini kwintsimi yokudala i-self-propelled and dragwed gun (indices "C" kunye "B", ngokulandelanayo). Ulawulo oluPhezulu lweeArtillery ngokukhawuleza linike lo matshini iingubo 2A36 kunye no-2A37. Into ebaluleke kakhulu yayingeyona kuphela i-ballistics ekhethekileyo, kodwa neemfuno ezikhethekileyo, ezenziwe ngokukhethekileyo kwi-SAU "Hyacinth". I-152 mm yinto eqhelekileyo, kodwa bambalwa bayazi ukuba kwi-Army Soviet kwakungekho nezinye iimbumbulu zendlela efanayo efana nokusetyenziswa kwezi candelo.

Ulwazi jikelele

Kwi-Perm, i-unit unit yenziwe ngokukodwa, eYekaterinburg i-chassis yenzelwe, kwaye kwi-Institute, iingcali ezigqwesileyo zicinga ngokudala iimpawu ezifanelekileyo kwiinkqubo ezinjalo. Kakade ngo-1969, ukuqwalaselwa kwikhomishoni, iinguqu ezimbini zenkqubo entsha yokulawula ngokuzenzekelayo zacetywayo: kwimiqulu yeencwadi kunye neenqaba. Inketho yesibini yavunywa. Ngowe-1970, urhulumente waqalisa umsebenzi ogcweleyo kwi-SAU "Hyacinth". Kakade ekuqaleni kowe-1971, iidonni zokuqala eziyi-152-mm zanikezelwa "kwinkundla kawonkewonke", kodwa ngenxa yokungafumaneki kwamagobolondo, ukudubula kwahlehliswa.

Iqela le "Hyacinth S" linabantu abahlanu. Endleleni ehambayo imoto inokuhamba ngesivinini ukuya kuma-60 km / h, indawo yokugcina amandla ngamakhilomitha angama-500. Umzimba wenziwe ngamacwecwe ezixhobo (i-aluminium alloys) 30 mm ubukhulu ngokushushumbisa. Isixhobo esinjalo asiboneleli nokhuseleko olwaneleyo kubasebenzi ukususela kumashishini omninzi, kwaye ngoko ke, xa senza imisebenzi yokulwa, kubalulekile ukuba sicinge ngokubhekiselele kwindawo yomatshini emhlabeni.

Ukongezelela, ukungabikho kofakelo lwe "Hyacinth C" lizinga eliphantsi lomlilo - akukho ngaphaya kwamahlanu ngeenxa zonke ngomzuzu. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba ukuhanjiswa kwee-shells kwenziwa ngesandla, ngoko ke ngokulwa okunzulu, ukubalwa kunokukhathala nje, okuza kunciphisa ukwenziwa kolawulo olunjalo. Nangona kunjalo-unikezelwa iimpawu zasebusika zasekhaya, ungamangalisi isimo sengqondo esiphezulu somkhosi ukuya kumpu ovulekile, ungagqitywa yinqaba. Kwimiqathango yexesha laseTchchen "elibandayo" kwakukho iimeko zokuqhaqhabalala ekubaleni "iHyacinths".

Ilungelo kubaphuhlisi lingaba mhlawumbi ukuba ekuqaleni le nkqubo yokulawula ngokuzenzekelayo yayilungiselelwe ngexesha le "imfazwe" yemfazwe. Ngokucacileyo, yaveliswa ngokukodwa ukuqhuba imisebenzi yokulwa eYurophu yaseNtshona, apho amazinga okushisa anqabile ngezantsi kwi-7-8 degrees Celsius ebusika. Kubalulekile ukuba sikhumbule ubuncinane ukuba i-BMP-1, eyenzelwe imimiselo efanayo, ayikude ibe yinto efanelekileyo kwi-Afghanistan (nangona kwezinye izizathu).

Isityalo kunye ne-chassis

Igumbi lokuthunyelwa kweenjini likho ngaphambili kwendawo. Isitshixo samandla simelwa yi-V enjenge-V ene-V, 59 enamandla ene-520 hp. Ubungqina bokuba luhlanganiswe kwiyunithi enye kunye nokuthunyelwa kwembini. Igumbi lomlawuli webhokisi likunene kwinjini. Ngaphambi kokuba i-turret ye-turret ikhona kwindawo yokusebenzela yomqhubi-mqhubi. Igumbi lokulwa lifumaneka kwindawo ephakathi kwendawo. Iigobolondo zisezintini ezizenzekelayo.

I-chassis esetyenziswe kule moto iyayifana neyayisetyenziswa ekudalweni kwe-ACA "Acacia". Ekubeni ukufakela ngokuzenzekelayo kuluhlobo oluvulekileyo, ukuphunyezwa kuphakanyiswe ngokuvulekileyo. Olu hlobo luvunyelwe ukwenza imoto ibe mfutshane. Ekubeni i-artillery "i-Hyacinth" incinci (ngokumalunga neemfano), kulula ukuthutha ngomoya.

Ekuqaleni, bekucetywe ukuxhobisa umatshini omtsha ngompu we-PKT, kodwa le ndlela ayizange yamkelwe. Kamva yafakwa kwiprojekthi okwesihlandlo sesibini. Ngowe-1972, iiprojekthi zezo zombini iintlobo ze "Hyacinth" kunye nesibhamu sendlela eyahlukileyo yokulayishwa zagqitywa. Kufuneka kuthathelwe ingqalelo ukuba ngexesha elifanayo, i-variant yaveliswa ngeendleko ezifana neefom. Nangona kunjalo, olu khetho aluhambelanga phambili kuneemifanekiso. Kwisihloko se-SAU "Hyacinth" sele sele ikhona ngo-1976, kwaye ngokukhawuleza ukuhlanganiswa kwemikhosi kunye nezixhobo ezintsha.

Ukulwa "ukungena kwelo" iteknoloji entsha yafunyanwa e-Afghanistan, kwaye imikhosi yasemkhosini yanikela ngokukhawuleza ukufakela izinto ezininzi. Babechukunyiswa ngokugqithiseleyo kwiigobolondo ezinamandla, ezinokusetyenziswa ngokuphumelelayo ukutshabalalisa iinqaba ezinamandla zaseTaliban. Ngapha nangapha isibhamu se-Hyacinth esingu-152-mm "Hyacinth" sasibizwa ngegama elithi "Kwi-genocide", ebonisa amandla ayo okulwa.

Uphawu lweGugu

Uyilo lwe-2A37 lompu luyimilinganiselo epheleleyo: ityhubhu ye-monoblock, i-breech kunye ne- muzzle ehlikiweyo, ngaphandle kwayo leyo ngongoma obalaseleyo ayiyi kulawulwa. Ngendlela, ingeyomhlobo wesakhiwo. Umgcini we-shutter othomathiweyo, uhlobo lwamawala kunye ne-skew engenamanzi. Umpu uxhotywe ngophahla lokusilela kwe-hydraulic type, kunye nesibhamu (i-pneumatic), into leyo apho iisilinda zayo zibuya kunye nombhobho. Umncinci omncinci ngowama-730 mm, inkulu kakhulu ingama-950 mm.

Umqhubi wekontra usebenza ngamanyathelo amabini: kuqala uthumela ikhebhile kwi-breech, kwaye emva kokufika kwexesha lebhodi yekhadiji. Ukuphakama kwamacandelo kunye nokuguqula iindlela kwenza kube lula umsebenzi wabasebenzi. Umpu uphendulelwa kumatshini olula, isixhobo esingabandakanyi phantse konke ukungaphumeleli okukhulu.

Ezinye iinkalo

Kwimimandla engqambileyo, isibhamu singakhokelwa ngaphakathi kwe-30 °. Isikhokelo esivela kwi--2.5 ukuya ku-58 °. Umpu uvaliwe ngokhuseleko olukhuselekileyo, okhusela abasebenzi beemishini, iindawo zokutshitshisa kunye nokutshatyalaliswa kokutshatyalaliswa okwenzekayo xa iphetshulwa. Ikhuselo lenziwe yinto elula yokubamba iqhosha elivela kwiphepha elilodwa le-steel armored. Masikhumbule kwakhona ukuba "iHyacinth" yi-ACS. Iifoto zibonisa kakuhle ukhuseleko lwayo oluphantsi. Lo mbandela wolu buchule kubangelwa kukuba ayijoliswanga ukulwa ngokuthe ngqo kunye notshaba.

Iimbonakalo zimelelwa ngumbono olula owenziwe nge-D726-45, ehlangene ne-panorama PG-1M. Ukujolisa kwiithagethi ezikufuphi kwaye zibonakala ngokucacileyo, i-OP4M-91A i- optical eye yenziwe. Ubunzima bomfuli ngu 10,800 kg.

Ulwazi malunga neesitikhi kunye neenqwelo

Ukuze udibanise i-chassis SAU 2S5 "Hyacinth" yakhiwe ngokufanayo njengoko i-ACS 2C3 "Acacia". Njengoko kwimeko ye "Acacia," zonke iimbumbulu zifumaneka ngaphakathi kwegobolondo, kodwa ukuhanjiswa kweebloksi kwiphitshi kwenziwa ngesandla. Ngaphandle, kwicala elisecaleni lomatshini, ipakiti enkulu yokuzinzisa iphakanyisiwe. Ihlala ihlaselwa kumhlaba xa ibetha, ikwazisa ukufakwa kozinzo oluyimfuneko.

Yingakho i-SAU "i-Hyacinth" ngokusemgangathweni ayikwazi ukudubula. Nangona kunjalo, ixesha eliqhelekileyo lokuzisa iyunithi ukusuka kwindawo yokuhamba ukuya kwindawo yokulwa yimizuzu emine kuphela, ngoko ukusebenza ngempumelelo kwalenkqubo yokulawula ngokuzenzekelayo kuphezulu kakhulu. Isibhamu esiziphetheyo sinobuchule obuhle kakhulu, okuqinisekisa ukuhamba ngokukhawuleza kwinqanaba lokulwa. Musa ukulibala malunga nezixhobo ezakhelwe ukumba. Ukusebenzisa oko, abasebenzi bangayigcina imoto emhlabathini kwiminithi embalwa nje.

Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba okokuqala imimiselo eqhelekileyo yayiyi-projectile ye-VOF39, eyayinobunzima obuyi-80.8 kg. Ngenxa yempembelelo eyonakalisayo kuyo ihambelana nokuhlawulwa kwe-OF-29 (46 kg), esetyenziswa malunga neekhigram ezi-5 ze-A-IX-2. I-detonator yinto elula kakhulu (intshutshiso) B-429. Emva kancinci, abaphuhlisi bakha umfanekiso we-ZVOF86, owathi, xa udibaniswe ne-OP-59 projectile, unokusetyenziswa ukutshatyalala iithagethi kumgama weekhilomitha ezingama-30.

Iimvumi eziqhelekileyo ziquka iintlobo ezintathu zeemithwalo zeempahla ezahlukileyo, kwaye phakathi kwazo kukho iindidi ezintsha zamashitshi kunye nesimo sokuphucula umgangatho we-aerodynamic, kunye neengqumbulu ezine-laser homing esebenzayo.

"INyukliya yeNyukliya"

Ngokuqhelekileyo, kwi-press yethu ayikhangwanga kakhulu. Kwixesha langasentshona elide lexesha elide, iingxelo zenze ukuba i-SAU "i-Hyacinth" ingasebenzisa amachikliya enyukliya ukuya kwi-0.1-2 kT. Kuyaziwa ukuba ukuza kutsho namhlanje kwilizwe lethu kuphuhliswa iprojekectile entsha yecaliber 152 mm ye "Hyacinth". Enye yeyona nto inomdla kakhulu yi-cluster projectile 3-0-13, kunye nakwizicwangciso zokudala iziqhekeko ezikhokelwa ngokuzimela. Ethembise kakhulu iigobolondo ezijoliswe ukuvelisa ukudibanisa okusebenzayo, nto leyo ephazamisa kakhulu okanye yenza ukuba kube nzima ukwenza umsebenzi weekhompyutheni zeentshaba.

Ukuqeshwa kwamacandelo

Esi sixhobo senzelwe ukunqanda iibhetri zengcibi zentshaba, zonakalise i-PTA kunye nezinye iinqaba zentsimi, zonakalisa iintlobo zezithuba zemiyalelo yezitha (kubandakanywa nasemva), kunye nokulwa neenqwelo ezikhuselekileyo zentshaba. Njengoko sele sichazile, iifayile ezijolise ukuvumela ukuba zitshise zombini ngokuqondile (optical) kunye nasezikhundleni ezivaliweyo (izinto zokucwangcisa izinto). Njengezinye iinqwelo kunye nezixhobo ezincinci zokuveliswa kwekhaya, inkqubo yokulawula ngokuzenzekelayo ingasetyenziselwa ngempumelelo nayiphi na imozulu nemeko yemozulu.

Ngelishwa, ukufika namhlanje, umpu we-2C5 ungasebenzi ngokupheleleyo. Nangona kunjalo, le nkqubo yokulawula ngokuzenzekelayo isala nanamnye yeeyunithi ezide kakhulu zokuzivelisa iimveliso zasekhaya, kwaye kule ndawo, i-Hyacinth yinto yesibini kuphela ku-Pionu ene-203 mm.

Ngokungafani nokufakelwa okufanayo kwile klasi, izixhobo zokulwa "i-Hyacinth" ayidluliselwe kuwo nawaphi na ilizwe lePact Warsaw. Ngowe-1991, emva kwangoko ukuwa kwe-USSR, iFinland yafumana iiyunithi eziyi-15. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba okwangoku akukho ulwazi malunga nokuphuhliswa kwendawo efanelekileyo yokulawula imikhosi yethu, kanti abachasene nabaphuhliso kule ndawo akakaze bayeke. Ngaloo ndlela, asiyazi ukuba "Hyacinth" iya kuba nini. Isibhamu sokuzikhusela esikulo mzekelo siya kuhlala sisisigxina somkhosi wethu ixesha elide.