Karhulumente kunye nomthetho. Art. 181 of the Code Civil kunye iikhomentari

Art. 181 of the Code Civil (njengoko ulungisiwe), simisela ixesha umda kumabango ukuba isicelo imiphumo esemthethweni ingqalelo ndingabi kunye iintengiselwano voidable. UNorma kwakhona liqatshelwa ngokwexesha apho ukuqala ukubala ithuba elithile. Cinga into elandelayo. 181 of the Code Civil kunye iikhomentari, 2015

Imihla ecaleni ulwalathiso wokungabi nakusebenza zenkqubo isibhakabhaka

Ixesha kumabango phantsi kwezivumelwano enjalo iminyaka emi-3. Ukubalwa eli xesha iqala ukususela kumhla yokwenza ongancedi sivumelwano. Action singathunyelwa isifundo akazibandakanyi iimbambano zomthetho. Kuba ngethuba lekota yakhe ayikwazi ngaphezulu kweminyaka eli-10. Ekubaleni isithuba iqala ukususela kwimini xa umntu bafunda okanye ukuba sele esazi komsebenzi wo yingisela.

P. 2 tbsp. 181 of the Code Civil

Ithuba kokuthintelwa ngenxa amabango ukuchitha imicimbi voidable kunye nokusetyenziswa iziphumo ezifanelekileyo kunyaka-1. Ekubaleni isithuba lwenziwa umhla isiphelo kuzo naziphi na izisongelo zogonyamelo phantsi kwempembelelo apho eziyi satyikitywa. Kwaqaliswa le yangoku naye ungqamane umhla xa ummangali azi okanye sifanele ukuba sele esazi kwezinye iimeko evumela ukuthumela isimangalo.

Art. 181 of the Code Civil (kunye iikhomentari 2015)

Ithatyathwa yamihla le ichaza iimeko kwexesha kokuthintelwa transactions voidable nengekhoyo. Kwithuba lokuqala, ezisebenzayo kwizithuba ekhankanyiweyo ngaphambili ihleli injalo. Kwinqaku langoku intetho namhlanje. 181 kwexesha nciphiso Civil Code for intengiselwano engento sele liye lancipha ukuya kwiminyaka emi-3. Kwi 01.01.1995, i (ukususela kumhla ukuqaliswa inxalenye yokuqala ye-Code) ngomhla 26.07.2005 (phambi kokuba bangene ukusebenza uMthetho Federal № 109) eli xesha wayeneminyaka-10. Esi sikhundla bugwetyelwe ngokupheleleyo, ingakumbi ngokumalunga neentengiselwano uthengiso ezenziwa ngaphambi nokwamkelwa imithetho efanelekileyo.

Noko ke, ekuhambeni kwexesha oko waqala ukudala eminye imiqobo ukunika uzinzo zomthetho kunye nezoqoqosho abadlali inxaxheba kwegazi yoluntu. Kwelinye icala, phakathi kwiminyaka 5-10 umnini yinto kutshintshwa izihlandlo eziliqela, yaye namhlanje, njengoko umthetho, umnini yangoku ithathwa ezinyanisekileyo. Kwelinye icala, lo mkhuba zobugcisa. 181 of the Code Civil ibonisa ukuba osikiweyo seminyaka emithathu-awawumisela imicimbi zingabalulekanga, kwanele ukukhusela iimfuno mntu.

Ukuhlobana umbuzo

Izimvo ukuya nqaku. 181 of the Code Civil ibonisa iimbono ziingcali ezahlukeneyo. Noko ke, abaninzi kubo siveza umbono eqhelekileyo, nto leyo kulandelayo. ixesha kwesithintelo Continuous ngaphambili kakhulu kwaqhwalelisa nokusonjululwa amatyala ngenxa kumngcipheko ophezulu zokulahleka ubungqina, ukwandisa amathuba mbongi eziphikisanayo iimeko, abantu ababandakanyekayo kwimpikiswano, njalo-njalo. Ezi kunye nezinye izinto nzima inkqubo yokwenza isigqibo njongo, nto leyo, uMenzi imiqathango wokwenza izigqibo engalunganga kunye neziphumo. Ukusekwa kwe nexesha elifanelekileyo zobuciko. 181 CC RF inceda ukubamba ingeniso ukuphelisa ukungaqiniseki ukudibana-nxaxheba ekugqibeleni wenzeka ngexesha elandisiweyo periods davnostnyh.

Umthamo yezibophelelo kunye namalungelo

Wayesoloko isiCwangciso kweentengiselwano Sokuyekwa-nxaxheba. Xa ummiselo oluneenkcukacha imisebenzi kunye namalungelo kwizifundo ninengxaki ngexeshana elifutshane. Ukungabikho kwinqanaba elifanelekileyo ukukhusela umdla kuqulathe emibi ngenxa abamangalelwa kunye namaqela angaphandle. Oku kubangelwe ikakhulu yokuba yokugqibela ayisoloko nako ukuthatha ingqalelo imfuno lokuqokelela kunye nolondolozo ubungqina. Umi Art. 181 of Civil Code of the Russian Federation iya kubonelela ngokhuseleko ingeniso yoluntu amaqela ekwenzeni amabango bawo kubo, ekhuthaza ngaxeshanye ukuthatha unonophelo kuqatshelwe kwangethuba kunye nokukhusela amalungelo abo. Ngenxa yoko, oko kunceda ukomeleza ingqeqesho ezoqoqosho kunye nemali eluntwini.

Iimpawu kwexesha isicelo davnostnogo

Kumhlathi wokuqala kweli nqaku. 181 of the Code Civil uzimisele ukuba ixesha ibalwa ukususela kwimini ngokusesikweni imiqathango deal, kodwa hayi umhla yesifundo bafunde okanye kufuneka bafunde bezityholo amalungelo abo. In Art. 166 para. 1 bafumanisa ukuba lungamkeleki sikhala uya ingabalwa, enoba uye waqaphela yinkundla okanye hayi. Ngoxa ekwaneziseni iimfuno inxalenye izicamango isigqibo kufuneka bafundiswe ngokucacileyo. A transaction, njengokuba sisazi, ongavelisi iziphumo zomthetho. Kulo mba, wokungabi nakusebenza yayo ingamiselwa kuphela emva kokuba umsebenzi. Ukuqala ukubala ixesha umda kuphela xa uphumezo yayo sele iqalile icala ubuncinane enye.

Inxaxheba kwamaqela besithathu

A intengiselwano unakho kuphazamisana iimfuno kuphela amaqela abayaziyo malunga nendlela abaqhuba ngayo iimeko zayo. Ingakumbi kwicandelo lezindlu idla lihlangabezane imeko apho abanini zokuhlala kwizakhiwo zokuhlala, hayi omele iqela iSivumelwano ayikwazanga ukuqinisekisa ukukhuselwa kwamalungelo into eyaziwayo yi kwipropati eqhelekileyo. Oku, umzekelo, uza ephantsi kophahla, emagumbini, kunye nezinye iindawo. Amaxesha amaninzi abasemagunyeni bathi- ukuthumela ezi izinto kwipropati okanye ukunika ukuba irente ku amaqela esithathu. Ukusombulula le ngxaki ehlobo luni kuwiso-mthetho baye awadla imithetho ngawo la magama zibalwa ngokuphathelele kwiindidi ezithile azibalulekanga kwaye iintengiselwano voidable.

Ngenxa yoko, ngokungqinelana ne n. 42 Resolution BAC plenary № 29 yomhla we-15.12.2004 eyamisela ukuba ibango ukuba ukuqondwa Izivumelwano wokungabi nakusebenza ngezizathu echazwe kwimihlathi 2 no-3 tbsp. 103 lomThetho Federal "Kwi wokuphelelwa", lo mntu ububoleke kuthunyelwa nokuba kubaphathi yangaphandle kulo nyaka. Apha, iimpawu ezithile yokubala kwexesha. Iqala ukususela kwixesha xa kuthenga okanye kufuneka nimazile umphathi lwangaphandle lokuqala (ukuba ukhonza sicelo), hayi onetyala. Kwimeko olungekho elimisiweyo kule meko ke asikwazi ibuyiseke.

iimpawu invalidation

Ngokwanelisa iimfuno ezifanelekileyo umphathi yangaphandle kuvunyelwa xa kuthe ukusebenza intengiselwano ngokunxulumene apho ibango ifakwa, umbolekisi ezenziweyo okanye angenza ilahleko. Kwemvumelwano zinokuhonjiswa esecaleni emva kokuba senziwe isicelo enkundleni yokubhengeza bankruptcy onetyala okanye iinyanga ezintandathu phambi kule ngongoma, oko kudidi mthethweni. Kulo mzekelo, oku kulandelayo imeko. Le deal kufuneka ibandakanye ulwaneliseko preferential ye amabango abatyalwayo ezithile phezu kwabanye.

Okukodwa Ch. 9.1 of the Code Civil

In Art. 181,1 of the Code Civil umisela imeko esisiseko. Ngokuhambelana nazo zonke imithetho, leyo ichazwa entloko, wathi, aza kusetyenziswa xa umthetho okanye inkqubo echazwe imithetho ibonelela ngenye indlela. Ekuhambeni kwe kwimisebenzi yamashishini enkulu indima ephambili izigqibo kudlala intlanganiso jikelele. Kumhlathi wesibini Art. 181,1 uzimisele ukuba izenzo eyamkelweyo, ukuvelisa iziphumo zomthetho zokuqhambuka apho ibhekiswe, kuzo zonke izifundo abo unelungelo lokuthabatha inxaxheba kulo, kunye nabanye abantu, ukuba avela uhlobo lobudlelane okanye kunikelwe mthetho.

Izigqibo kwiintlanganiso

Iimpawu ze-nkqubo echazwe Article. 181,2 of the Code Civil. Umthetho ithathwa yamkelwe ukuba isininzi seevoti zaphoswa kuye. Kulo mzekelo, intlanganiso kufuneka abe khona ubuncinane i-50% yenani lilonke amalungu oluntu. Ngamana kwamkelwa yi abangaphangeli lokuvota. Xa zifakiwe kwi-ajenda inani lemiba izigqibo kubo uya zamkelwe ngokwahlukileyo. Enye nkqubo ingasekwa nxaxheba kule nkampani, ukuba imvume yayo yonke ezivotelweyo ngamxhelo mnye. Inyani yokuba isigqibo fixed protocol. Uxwebhu esayinwe ngunobhala kunye usihlalo wale ntlanganiso. Le protocol iya kubandakanya:

1. Le ndawo, ixesha nomhla wentlanganiso.
2. Ulwazi malunga izifundo ezathatha inxaxheba siganeko.
3. Iziphumo yokuvota kuloo ntlanganiso. Banikwa ukuba umba ngamnye kwi-ajenda ngokwahlukeneyo.
4. Idatha ngezinto agunyaziswe ukuba babale iivoti.
5. Ulwazi malunga nxaxheba, owathetha nxamnye ukwamkelwa sezisombululo kuxoxwe kwaye babefuna ngenisa ulwazi olufanelekileyo kwi protocol.

izinqumo voidable

Malunga kusithiwa kweli nqaku. 181,4 of the Code Civil. Ukungqinelana yesisombululo umgangatho, ezivunyweyo kwintlanganiso, inkundla ikuxele null and void ukuba watyhila ukutyeshelwa kwemimiselo yezomthetho. Thina kuquka umbuzo:

1. Ukungaphumeleli ukuthobela umyalelo yokuxhoba, yokubiza ubambe siganeko, ukuba waba nefuthe ukuchazwa intando amalungu ayo.
2. Ukunqongophala igunya umntu uthetha egameni ilungu lebandla.
3. Ingqikelelo ukulingana kwamalungelo abantu abathatha inxaxheba kule siganeko.
4. Ukophulwa yemithetho yobhaliso protocol.

Isigqibo esithatyathwe entlanganisweni, akakwazi ukuba zingathathwa ngokuba mthethweni ngezizathu zokungathotyelwa enxulumene inkqubo zokuvunywa, ngaphandle kokuba uqinisekiswe isigqibo la manyathelo alandelayo, ebekwa kwimigaqo, phambi kokuba ekupheleni kwenkqubo.

ukwengeza

isigqibo Assembly umngeni ilungu loluntu bangazange inxaxheba kuyo livote "nxamnye". It unelungelo lokubhena njengesifundo isenzo Bazila okanye exambulisana ukuba isigqibo, ukuba inkqubo uvunywe kophulwa yokuthanda kwakhe. Isigqibo intlanganiso ayikwazi ukuba kuthathwa njengento elilize nengekhoyo ukuba bokuvota kweso sifundo senzelwa umdla achatshazelwe ngayo, ayikwazanga ube nefuthe kwisigqibo sakhe, kodwa asibikho kungakhokelela nemiphumela emibi ezingalunganga kuye. Ngaba umngeni isigqibo zingaphelanga iinyanga ezintandathu. Ekubaleni isithuba iqala ngomhla xa sifundo senzelwa amalungelo athe anyhashwa, ninge nimazile okanye weva ngalo. Kulo mzekelo, ibango kufuneka sigcwaliswe ungadlulanga owe ngaphezu kweminyaka 2 ukusuka kwixesha lolwazi isigqibo baba ezifumanekayo kumalungu oluntu.

isiphelo

Isihloko ngubani liphikisa isigqibo esithathwe yi iNtlanganiso kufuneka azise nxaxheba kwangaphambili ngencwadi ebhaliweyo uluntu malunga neenjongo zabo ukuze baye enkundleni. Ukongeza, kufuneka ubanike nenye inkcazelo efanelekileyo ityala. Abo nxaxheba abangazange ukujoyina i Abameli efayilini ngendlela emiselweyo kuwiso-mthetho, kunye nezinye izizathu mngeni kwixesha elizayo akavumelekanga isibheno enkundleni ukuze siqonde isigqibo olungasebenziyo. Ezi nketho iimeko xa izizathu apho andibathumanga izikhalazo zabo igunya eligunyazisiweyo libona nje esebenzayo. Semthethweni yesigqibo impikiswano, ezaziwayo yinkundla, wothabatha ukusebenza ukususela kumhla ukuzimisela efanelekileyo.