Kulik (intaka): inkcazelo, indawo yokuhlala, ukutya

Enye intaka ixhaphakileyo ingqalelo sandpiper. In Russia kuphela, apho kukho malunga 75 iintlobo. Xa imbonakalo yabo, ezi ntaka kufana amahobe, kodwa ngokucacileyo baye bavakalisa iimpawu ezikhethekileyo. Ornithologists zibaleni ukuba umyalelo Charadriiformes. Siqwalasela wazo, ezo ezivame kakhulu.

okwenkawu Little

Le ngeentlobo nguye ummeli zincinane wazo. ubunzima bayo ayidluli 27 grams. It has lwalo mfutshane ngqo. It has elide (10 cm), kodwa amaphiko emxinwa, iminwe ezimfutshane, imilenze ubude eliphakathi. Le noboya esifubeni, nelisemihlubulweni, craw, intamo, intamo nezidlele abe nombala obomvu-imbola. Iintsiba kwakhona wachuba iindawo brown. Emazantsi qwa. Ezi ntsiba moya ezi amaphiko omnyama-mdaka. iintsiba Secondary phezu kwamaphiko isiseko kwaye ukuvalwa eliqaqambileyo emnyama. Kulik (photo ngezantsi) itshintsha umbala ebusika. Ngasemva kukho umbala nombala-omdaka, ezantsi eliqaqambileyo, yaye ezinye isityalo ibonakala ingcolile imbola uqweqwe.

Le sandpiper amancinci - intaka emathafeni. Ulohlalisa kwiindawo ezahlukahlukeneyo ukusuka namahlathi Norwegian , kwaye esezantsi kuyo Lena. Kuyenzeka ukuhlangabezana ezinye iziqithi Arctic Ocean. Ngamanye amaxesha intaka ngeniswa ehlathini. Kulik - intaka efudukayo ubusika wathumela Afrika, South Asia kwaye ufumana phantsi Tasmania. Amanye amalungu kungabonwa kwicala elingasezantsi oLwandle lweCaspian.

Lokukhwela nenzala Little okwenkawu

Emva kokubuyela kumakhaya abo, iintaka zikulungele ukukhwela. Ngeli xesha, Sandpiper zibhabha umphakamisi amaphiko, yanking kubo. Trill lakhe ukuze sifane izandi ukuba akhuphe njengenkumbi. indawo oluzalela lidla okhethwe phantsi kwetyholo. Cofa okwenkawu emhadini zigqutyuthelwe ingca kunyaka ophelileyo kunye nentwana othile yakhe. Akhande ingaba amagqabi zemingcunube ezincinanana.

Ngokuqhelekileyo wamatye amaqanda Little okwenkawu ezine kumnquma omdaka. Kodwa umbala zabo ziyahluka kakhulu. Ukubeka ngokuqhelekileyo amaqanda kwenzeka ekupheleni kuka Juni, phakathi okanye ekupheleni kwenyanga kubonakala puhovichki. Ekuqaleni kuka-Agasti, amantshontsho ngokupheleleyo ngeentlobo, kodwa abakwazi ukubhabha. Kodwa ngaphambi kokuba ukubhabha, sandpiper amantshontsho zeentsapho ezahlukeneyo ukulawula limanyane iigusha zakowazo. "Amalungu" yayo kusatyiwe, eli qela lincinane elisandul 'ukusekwa uqalisa kuleli kumathafa, ukulungiselela ukubhabha ukulungiselela ubusika. Eli xesha ngokuqhelekileyo iwela phakathi ku-Agasti kwaye kuyaqhubeka de ngemihla yokugqibela kuSeptemba.

Ukuziphatha nesondlo okwenkawu Little

Njengazo naziphi na ezinye ii-odolo ze iintaka wazo (maxa wambi kukho iimeko), ummeli olu hlobo inophawu ukuphumla. Iintaka magingxigingxi yaye cwaka baleka kwaye akukho idalwa. Zitya nje ngokuzolileyo ngokufuthi cwaka. Kwiimeko ezinqabe kakhulu, unako ngokuzola ukunxibelelana nabanye ngexesha isidlo sabo. Xa umntu ziqhubeka ukuba baziphathe ngomoya.

Isiseko yokudla yenziwa izinambuzane. Ngamanye amaxesha iintaka inokuvelisa intlanzi kunye molluscs. Kwakhona, le wazo ungathanda bloodworms kwindawo izinambuzane zasemanzini.

Oystercatchers

Oku ngeentlobo imilenze ezahlukeneyo eyomeleleyo kunye elide, ngomlomo ngqo. nendibaniselwano umbala Basic - omnyama nomhlophe, koko babe ezinye iintaka zibe nombala noboya omdaka, okanye mdaka. Kule subfamily kufuneka abameli-4, apho zinokudityaniswa zibe uluvo olunye. Kodwa oystercatcher zixhaphakileyo zesiqhelo. Ubungakanani oku ngeentlobo efanayo njengehobe. Yena, kwakunye namanye amalungu ale subfamily abe umlomo olomeleleyo evuthelweyo. Xa abanye abantu, wasinda wavuswa. Ukongeza, umlomo wayo zixinaniswe yokuxazulula. Abo iintaka zaselwandle ehlala ngasentla, ngomlomo yayinqamlela kancinane. Bazibonise ukwenza i "magpie 'abe entanyeni omnyama, intloko, ushinte, inxalenye amaphiko kunye nesiphelo nomsila. Ezinye iipeni abamhlophe kuphela.

Ezi iintaka babe iliso Svetlenkoe endaweni encinci. iintaka Northern nga ingafani ukusuka ezantsi kwinani elikhulu mbala ezimnyama phezu kwamaphiko. Kodwa abanye oystercatchers, kuxhomekeke esimi zokuhlala kwabo, kuba mnyama ngokupheleleyo. Iintaka Russian nobunzima 500 grams. amaphiko azo phezu ubude efikelela 26 cm.

ukwanda

"Magpies" emachibini eziqhelekileyo malunga imilambo zeMpuma Yurophu, kodwa abo ukuthumela amanzi abo ukuya emzantsi kuphela. Kwakhona ke ingafunyanwa kufuphi nonxweme kuLwandle White kunye noLwandle Barents. Ezi iintaka ungathanda ukuba bahlale kumaqula yoMnayile Central Asia kunye Western eSiberia. Abahlali ena njengezi le ngeentlobo eliqaqambileyo. endaweni yawo ayiphelelanga eRashiya. Aphila esemacaleni kweelwandle eYurophu (North ne Ntshona), eUnited States, Australia, eAfrika, New Zealand, Tasmania. Kwiindawo zethu, ezi iintaka zifuduka nasebusika baya Asia okanye Afrika.

"Engamashumi amane" yokwakha

Babuyele ekhaya ngamaxesha ahlukeneyo, kuxhomekeke yabo indawo yaqala. "Ngokuqinisekileyo, abantu bomthonyama" kummandla eMoscow bafika e-Epreli, kwaye i-Gulf of Kandalaksha ezinjalo iintaka indlwane kufutshane Meyi. Ebuya iintaka ubusika bohlulwa babe ngamaqela amancinane, waza waqalisa tokovanie. Ngeli xesha, ukuba Undizela kunye nodanduluko olunamandla kwi ombane ziyawa ngomlomo. indlela yabo umgca othe ngqo. Ekubeni Wafika ndaweni ithile, ukuba ukubuya. "Amaqabane" elinesibini ukuze bathathe inxaxheba emsebenzini onjalo. Ngokuthe ngcembe lo squad wader uqalisa ngababini, apho isuswe kumhlaba wabo ngenxa yokwakha up. Kusenokwenzeka ukuba kuqatshelwe ukuba ezi imidlalo iintaka kwisithuba seminyaka emithathu, oko kukuthi ngonaphakade uqole. Malunga kuLwandle Barents ngathi tokovanie uwa ngoJuni.

Yenza iindlwane zazo magpies, sandpipers elunxwemeni, apho kukho nzulu kunye zinomtya ngokubanzi Littoral, ngokuqhelekileyo matheku. Unxweme ingaba oyisanti, onamatye, ilitye, Shelly. Ukuba iintaka bahlala nemisinga, ukuba bakhetha lwaseYurophu amachibi okanye emilanjeni. Xa ngundoqo amaxesha, kwaye kwaqatshelwa njengoko wazo ezinza kwiinkalo apho kungekho ichibi ekufuphi.

Couples babe site yabo okolognezdovoy ukuba elimgcinayo. Kodwa ke, nangona oku, ukuba usondele kakhulu ukuba ahlalisane kunye nabamelwane babo. Kulik - intaka, ebonakala isakhiwo zezakudala ze kwindlwane. Ngoko ke, i "magpies 'eyenziwe kwiindawo ezivulekileyo emngxunyeni ngamandla kwaye kudume. Ekubekeni amaqanda ngokuqhelekileyo 3, kodwa ngamanye amaxesha amane okanye 2. amaqanda abo ubungakanani enkulu 5-6 cm ubude. Bona umbala ukukhanya-imbola kwaye oodwi kunye namabala brown. Hatching, bobabini abazali baxakekile, kwaye landela omnye kaninzi. Bafukanywe ihlala phezulu ukuya kwiintsuku 28.

Ngosuku lo puhovichki sokurhoxa sele ngaphandle yentaka, kodwa nje ukuze abe nako bayive ngabazali. Iintaka kufuneka anyamekele amantshontsho yabo. Maxa wambi emva kunye ukutya ukutya bakude kwaye ngoko, uze kwamathole usweleka kukungondleki. Amantshontsho abakwazi ukuba udle ixesha elide. Ngoko ke, abazali kufuneka ungenakuwuxhalabela malunga neeveki ezintathu nenzala olambileyo.

Izazinzulu ziye yaqinisekisa ukuba sandpiper (photo wacebisa ngasentla) iqhotyoshelwe kwindawo yokwakha, bebuyile kulala ithatha indawo yayo yangaphambili.

oystercatchers Power

Ekudleni ezi ntaka ohlukahlukeneyo. Bayakwazi ukubambisa ebalulekileyo zabo amaxhoba kumhlaba, emanzini, kwaye fundisisa zaryvshihsya emhlabeni. Hi xikombiso, le oystercatchers menu ukutya intlanzi, izilwanyana, polychaete, imibungu, izinambuzane kwindawo. Ukuba kunokwenzeka, ukuba babambisa intlanzi encinci. Yokutshayela iqokobhe intlanzi, basebenzisa ngomlomo olomeleleyo. iintaka Small ekuchitheni ukuze athwale kwi ngamatye Cola neentanda, ukulungiselela ukuvulwa kwimveliso. Ukuba ixhoba phantsi ilitye, linye zakhe intaka okanye asibeke phantsi ngomlomo. Abahlali ummandla Orenburg wamxelela ukuba emva ukunkcenkceshela iigadi ngokuqhelekileyo zivule oystercatchers kwaye kakhulu ukutshabalalisa amabhungane.

Inkcazelo Black Oystercatcher

Ezi amalungu umyalelo yahlukile Oystercatcher ubungakanani amakhulu zesiqhelo. Ngokobunzima inokuba ukuya ku-700, iintsiba umnyama ngebala. White nemibala ukukhanya abangekhoyo ngokupheleleyo. Xa umbala ube kancinci abanzi mdaka, ngokuqhelekileyo umva, ezantsi kunye inxalenye amaphiko. ukulusebenzisa ubude ukusuka cm 6.5 ukuya 8.5. Kwakhona, lo msebenzi osemqoka lisahlulayo ijikazi ngeenxa zonke amehlo ebomvu. imilenze olunamandla umbala ethambileyo epinki. Imazi yohlukile abangamadoda kumlomo elide kunye nomzimba tight.

black Oystercatcher nefumaneka kuphela Intshona Melika (West Coast). Xa ekwicala elingasemazantsi kwe ezi ntaka ubomi omdala. Kufuphi iintaka ubusika ukufika apha kwimimandla esemantla. Ezinza becala kwiindawo enamatye lonxweme ukuphepha iindawo kunye izityalo zasendle.

Kulik-icephe-ibhili sandpiper

Olu hlobo wader yohlukile kakhulu evela kubamelwane, kuba uye isakhiwo ekhethekileyo umlomo. ekupheleni kwalo ukwandiswa elifana spatula. Olu hlobo ngokukodwa ezihambayo. Ngoko ke, lo gama kokunikeza idlala kakhulu ichaza semi-isangqa kunye nentloko ngeli xesha ngokukhawuleza Lisuka emanzini, ejonge esiswini. Kunokuba kakhulu ajike uluhlu uye kwelinye icala, eshiya amanzi zabo "spatula." amaphiko avareji ubude yi-10 cm.

lopatnya lonikezelo Limited. indawo yakhe yokuhlala - Chukotka, ukususela Cape Vankarem ukusa kwiPersian of Anadyr. Kuba ubusika le sandpiper uya mpuma Asia. Ngamanye amaxesha xa moya ntaka ezikufutshane nezinye iintlobo wazo ezincinane. Nangona sandpiper icephe-abakahlawuliswa na isakhiwo angaqhelekanga kumlomo, akukho khangela ovukelayo esimnandi, ngoko efika kuqala kunokuba bedidekile kunye yesiqhelo Kulik. Le Uhlobo inqabe yaye akafuni ukuba isicelo kwiindawo ngokubanzi, ngoko ke kwi-Red Book of Russia zintlu.

Kulik-Pectoral Sandpiper

Olu hlobo wazo uye emva omnyama-brown kunye neentsiba ebomvu. black Nadhvoste. Esifubeni kunye goiter omdaka kunye iimbalasane mhlophe. Iinkunzi nobunzima 100 grams, olibhinqa - 72 ukuya g ubude wing -.. 13 cm intaka avareji lukhetha ikoloni xa kumathafa of Canada kunye Alaska. Liphinde kungaba indlwane kwi Siberian Tundra (emantla) ukusuka Chukchi Peninsula eMpuma Tajmyra. Kutshanje, kwaye kwaqatshelwa ukuba Pectoral Sandpiper waya eYurophu, ngoko ornithologists sishiye ithemba elincinane ukuba kungekudala ezi amatakane kummisa kwintshona.

Iintaka ezihlala eSiberia, ekwindla aye Alaska, apho elisombulukayo ngasemzantsi. Bayayigqiba ubusika climes ezifudumeleyo - Umzantsi Melika, Bolivia, Ecuador, Chile.

Xa wabuyela kwilizwe lakhe lokuzalwa, iintaka kuqala umdlalo ukukhwela. Phakathi kwezinye zonke iintaka ezifanayo itsale ingqalelo, Pectoral Sandpiper sandpiper. Bird uqalisa bavuke nomphakamo eliphantsi nentamo kwabakhukhumeleyo, luvelisa izandi ezifana Duden. Kwakhona, inkunzi amalungiselelo ukumelwa, ukuqhuba intamo idumbile malunga samochki. Eminye imikhwa, yena ikhangeleka icula emnyama, ngexesha lokuphathana kwempahla. Emva kokuba liqulunqe isibini, nemazi liwaqandusele iklatshi, kwaye inkunzi roams kwindawo eyahlukileyo.

curlew

Ezi iintaka zibe umbala sinombala kunye ngomlomo kujikwa ezantsi evuthelweyo. Ke okona kubalulekileyo, yintoni na ephawulekayo, ezi abameli - ukuba ke likhulu uhlobo wazo. Zikhwela iimazi iduna ibamba kufutshane intanda yakhe. Emhlabeni, eqabelisa amaphiko, kumlomo ikhokelela phezulu nasezantsi, ukunyibilika, libe zizibaya zempahla umva poni. izibini ezikhoyo bahlale bethembekile omnye komnye.

Beka esidulini inkunzi ethanda. Wamzama ngokuchasene emhlabeni, yenze phantsi umngxuma. Yena encothula embalwa ngakumbi ecaleni emhadini kuqala. Imazi ukhetha omthandayo omnye, yaye akhande yayo Iintaka ingca. Apha, a izala enye, kodwa oluhlaza iqanda lomnquma enkulu kuwuma brown. Emva kokuhlala iintsuku ezimbalwa, ibuya iqanda elandelayo, uze iklatshi ukuze azizalise kwesesithathu nakwesesine isizukulwana. Le hatching ukuzibandakanya yena yena. Phambi kokuvela intshontsho lokuqala kufuneka uhambe ukusuka kwiintsuku-26 ukuya kuma-28. Abantwana kwakhona wayebukele nabazali bobabini. Amantshontsho bakulungele ukubhabha xa eneminyaka phezu nje ngenyanga. Emva koko, iintsapho kunye nabantwana kunye pack enye kwaye uqale yokufuduka zabo. Ubusika baya South Asia okanye eAfrika. Utyeshelo kwenzeka ekuqaleni, ngeenxa Agasti, kodwa abanye abantu kungalindiswa de ngoSeptemba. Ngamanye amaxesha, eJamani eNgilani, ezi sandpipers isigqibo ukuchitha ubusika kwi sayithi.

Kwilizwe lethu, umiwe zenyathi ezintlanu curlews, yaye ezingama-ezisibhozo.

jack-snipe

Le Kulichok nesinciphiso kakhulu. Oko: Umlinganiseli grams-60 kuphela. Kodwa abazingeli abaninzi musa ukuvumela amathuba nimbambe, ngokuba inyama yakhe emnandi kakhulu. Kodwa birdwatchers umdla tokovanie ezi imvuthuluka. Liveni izandi lemvula of jack-snipe, babe nolwazi yezulu ezolileyo lisibekele. Kulo mzekelo, akunakwenzeka ukuba baqonde, apho ukucula, ngokuba sandpiper tokuet eliphezulu kwaye ihamba ngamandla kakhulu. Izandi yeentaka zidlala umdlalo ukusukelwa, sifunda abanyathela phezu komhlaba nzima kubhula, "top-top-phezulu."

wazo Marsh

Kwilizwe lethu, oku ngeentlobo Ixhaphake kakhulu, yaye mhlawumbi abaninzi kwafuneka ukumbona, ndisiya kwindalo. Marsh Sandpiper, ngokungafaniyo nezalamane zabo, umdla omkhulu kubazingeli, ngokuba inyama yayo unomsa omkhulu kunye nemvakalo emnandi.

Oko kwazekayo ngegama eyahlukileyo - "ntaka", "nettigel", yaye ngamanye amaxesha ibizwa ngokuba nje "wink". Ngomhla ubungakanani ngeentlobo kufana ihobe, kodwa ngomlomo wakhe, intamo, kunye neentungo side, abangaboniyo kubonakala ngakumbi. Umbala bulubhelu sayingqombela buboya. Imazi inkulu, it has a iintsiba eliqaqambileyo. Nangona intamo kwamadoda bomvu kakhulu. Nge busika iintaka yayo kumgxobhozo babuyele phakathi entlakohlaza. Unyaka emva konyaka, bahlala esikhundleni sabo zomthonyama, kodwa ukutshintsha izindlu zabo unokukunyanzela yokomisa echibini. Kulo mzekelo, achola omnye kumgxobhozo, ayifuni kakhulu kuye. Malunga nenzala lokukhathalelwa ngabazali bobabini. Kodwa ngamanye amaxesha olugqithisileyo siyitshabalalise yentaka nabantwana. Efuna uzokoyikisa iintaka kunye nezinye ezizingelayo, eyindoda ngaloo kuyakudiza abazingeli yayo indawo. Ngelishwa, le wayenxanelwe abantu ukuba benze imali kukhokelele kwinto yokuba izizukulwana iintaka zaselwandle sase yatshabalala.