Kumathuba gumbini. Yintoni ezithile iimpawu

Ngokutsho ukuntsonkotha abaninzi thelekisa imfundiso umculo kwimathematika, abanye inyaniso kuyo, ngenxa yokuba imathematika yaba ongukhokho ingcamango mihla umculo. Nokuba esikolweni kwinqanaba umculo samabanga aphantsi, ezinye izihloko nokuvusa imibuzo emininzi abafundi ', yaye omnye kakhulu kunzima ukuqonda ke kumathuba boqobo.

Amathuba zomculo

Ithiyori umculo, idlala kuthiwa umgama phakathi izandi ezibini, mvisiswano leyo, kwelinye icala, ilinganiswa iithowuni kunye semitones. Halftone ngumgama ikufutshane phakathi izandi, oko kukuthi, akukho izitshixo ezikufutshane. Enye Ithoni semitones 2.

slot nganye ixabiso ithoni stupenevuyu ezichaza ingqiqo ngokwayo. Stupenevaya I xabiso ligqiba zingaphi kwamanyathelo phakathi izandi ezibini, ixabiso ithoni, nayo, ligqiba inani imibala. Umzekelo, lekhefu E A caba lifinyele nelitha nangona yixina ngathi wesithathu enkulu kwaye enharmonically ngokulinganayo kuwo. Noko ke, amanyathelo nje 4, ngoko, kusenjalo nelitha.

Yintoni ezithile iimpawu

Ngaphambi kokuba ekufundweni ngesihloko ezintsonkothileyo, kufuneka uziqhelanise ube harmonic ezinkulu nezincinane, njengoko ezi zifundo zibini zihlobene. Ngoko wabiza ngamathuba ezithile, ezo abunjwe kuphela harmonic ezibandakanya ngokuyimfuneko isigaba ezinkulu nezincinane harmonic. Kamabonwakude ezi zibini zilandelayo:

• imizuzwana okwandayo - kuncitshiswa wesixhenxe (uv.2 - um.7).
• Ukwanda sesihlanu - nelitha elincinci (uv.5 - um.4).

La mathuba umdla kwaye zintsonkothile ngenxa yokuba akazange wadibana kwi ukubiwa zendalo, apho kufuneka silumke ozakudidekisa ekhefu ngazo nento leenewt, oko 2 iqela eyahlukileyo ngokupheleleyo. Khumbula, ukuba uhlobo ngenqanaba iinguqu ezinkulu nezincinane kwi obalelwa harmonic:

• Harmonic Major - lifinyele isigaba 4.
• Minor harmonic - landa sigaba 7.

ezithile ezinkulu

Kwisibini sokuqala i ekhefu aqhelekileyo iimpawu kunye kwindlela enkulu, nezincinane. Xa ingoma harmonic banzi wesixhenxe yesibini kunye umenshonnaya yayo unyango, ngokusekelwe la manyathelo alandelayo:

• uv.2 - 6 level;
• um.7 - 7 inqanaba.

Andiva ukufumana kubo isuntswana lula ngaphezu leenewt. kumathuba eqhelekileyo a imveliso enkulu IziVumelwano ngendlela engqalileyo kunye nto xanisa. Ngokomzekelo, ukwanda imizuzwana, ngamanye 6 no-7, kwinyathelo noburhalarhume harmonic, kunye intshukumo ngcembe kudala gammoobraznom ukunambitheka Oriental, awothi lokuphumla kuba lula ukuluqonda.

Njengoko ezitshatileyo 2 uv.5 um.4, naye uyiqaphele kwaye nokwakha inzima kancinci, njengoko ezinkulu nezincinane yakhelwe phezu kumanqanaba ahlukeneyo. Lilele umngeni, leyo boyikisa abafundi kumathuba isici. uqeqesho indlebe kufuna ingqalelo enkulu, ukuze kuphoswa nto ebalulekileyo ezinjengezo ekunene ibakala yokwakha. Ngoko ke, ngendlela enkulu 2 iperi kwiindawo zokubeka ngokusekelwe la manyathelo alandelayo:

• Uv.5 - level 4.
• Um.4 - level 3.

Loo zokwakha isakhiwo entsonkothileyo ngenxa yokuba ngendlela enkulu kufuneka babekho kule uluhlu isigaba 4.

ezithile ezincinane

Ngoko ke, lo ukufana phakathi harmonic ezinkulu nezincinane iphele, baye zabangelwa kuphela uv.2 ngokukodwa. ngamathuba uphawu harmonic ngokusekelwe la manyathelo alandelayo minor:

• uv.2 - 6 level;
• um.7 - 7 level;
• uv.5 - sigaba 3;
• um.4 - 7 inqanaba.

Ukwakhiwa ekhefu kwi engephi kwaye ezinkulu,

Ke ukuze kwakhiwe umtyhi kwi isitshixo minor nakweyiphi isandi, kufuneka alandele le nkqubo elula ilandelayo. Cinga nje ngomzekelo kulwakhiwo sevenths lifinyele. Thina Walinganisa ukusuka isandi yokuqala amanyathelo-7, uze ulungise isiphumo ngenani ngezandi: kufuneka ibe 4.5. Ngoku kufuneka ukuba ukubala izitshixo wafumana le lekhefu. Ukuze wenze oku, uthabathe isandi ithoni inyathelo-7 kwaye ufumana nezitshixo ezinkulu nezincinane. Umzekelo, ukuba um.7 kufuneka ukwakha phezu E isandi, i tonalities harmonic iya kuba F Major kunye F Minor. Xa inkqubo efanayo uze nabanye kumathuba isici. Solfege unika ezinye iindlela, kodwa eyona ilula kwaye gca.

Resolution ezithile uphawu

Ekubeni Amathuba iimpawu ezi dissonant ukutshabalala, kufuneka nakanjani avumele ixesha lokuphumla ngonobumba kwaye bezinzile. Nangona kunjalo, nceda uqaphele ukuba dissonanty enokusonjululwa kuyo nayiphi kwamaqabane, kungakhathaliseki enoba uzinzile. Aziphethe lokuphumla efanayo kufuneka bavunyelwe kuphela wesitali.

Amathuba ezithile iphemithi yokufunda kufuneka isekelwe phezu frets. Oku kungenxa yokuba umculo sigqibo isekelwe phezu Incedisa izandi ezingazinzanga zibe izinzile. Ngenxa yesi sizathu, ukuze lekhefu, kuyimfuneko ukwazi ithowuni apho yayakhiwe.

Sigqibo ngamathuba uphawu yenzeka kanye nokusombulula izandi ezingazinzanga. Ukuba bobabini isandi ukutshabalala, ngoko ke bafudukele kwisitali elandelayo, njengoko umgaqo womxhuzulane. Ukuba isandi esinye kuluhlu uzinzile, kusahleli ndawo, kodwa utshintsha kuphela umsindo uveza.

ngomzuzu unyango

Xa unyango theory umculo kuthiwa kokufuduswa nihlabe ilizwi phezulu okanye ezantsi. Ikhefu ngokwayo kunye nonyango yayo isixa kufuneka ilizwi ecocekileyo, kwelinye icala, khangela swihoxo yokwakha. Ukusingatha yinkqubo yonke imithetho yayo kunye nemithetho, nekufuneka kuba kuhle ukuba sikhumbule:

• Xa abaphatha lokuphumla olunyulu ifunyenwe qwa.
• Ukusingatha iziphumo lokuphumla encinane isininzi ezinkulu vice.
• Ithuba lokuphumla Umenshonny xa yokuphatha unika ukunyuka, kwaye vice versa.

Ngoku jonga ngamathuba athile zokungena, kubandakanywa zibe kuvamile:

• Prima ongena ngelamadoda ilizwi.
• Yesibini wesixhenxe.
• Yesithathu kwesithathu.
• Ngelitha ngenyanga yesihlanu.

Ke ngenxa yokuba amathuba ezithile, kunye um.4 uv.5 zizinto interchangeable, leyo lula kakhulu ukwakhiwa izicelo. Ngabesibini iimpawu kuvumelekile kumgaqo womxhuzulane. Ukwanda Ezecala lesibini uvumelekile ukuba ukwandisa kwaye enze nelitha ecocekileyo (inyathelo 5 ungakhathazeki). wesixhenxe okwehlileyo kuvunyelwa bejonge exineneyo kwaye yenza a egqibeleleyo yesihlanu (1 inyathelo bathuke).

Cwangcisa ukwakha ngamathuba isici

Elokuqukumbela, eli nqaku lithetha ngeendlela ezininzi ukwakha ngamathuba athile, njengokuba le nto ebangela ubunzima kubafundi abaninzi. Ngoko ke, le ndlela lokuqala izigaba ezininzi:

1. Okokuqala, kufuneka uchaze ithowuni apho ufuna ukwakha lokuphumla, nangenxa lula yerekhodi iimpawu eziphambili.
2. Ngoku ke kufuneka ukuba loluphi uhlobo isandi kweli qhosha i "imifuziselo".
3. Emva koko kufuneka uqale ipateni ilandelayo: zonke kumathuba iimpawu ziqulathe umgangatho harmonic, yaye enye ngeenxa zonke kuyo. Kulo enkulu, i "inqanaba umlingo" - owesithandathu, yesixhenxe nezincinane, khumbula njalo.

Amanyathelo okuqala ye indlela yesibini kwakha idibana ngokupheleleyo ekuqaleni, kodwa emva kokubulawa yazo kufuneka ibe lula ukwakha ngamathuba athile kwi amanyathelo afanelekileyo. Ukunqanda uphazamiseko, Zoba le theyibhile ilandelayo:

Ngoku uya kuba lula gqitha ukuba onke amathuba, isandi ngakumbi ukuba sele kwaziwa. Kukho omnye emfihlekweni, kodwa kunoko, iphatheni, sikhumbula ukuba ungenza ngokukhawuleza ngentloko itafile. Ngoko ke, bonke nggamathuba inkonzo eyandisiweyo ezinkulu zisekelwe phezu 6 kwinqanaba elisezantsi, kwaye kulo lonke minor yancitshiswa - 7 landa. Ngoku, ukuba wakha isibini sokuqala, ungenza ngokukhawuleza ukwakha kwaye okwesibini, ekubeni ekhefu iimpawu bezalana ngokusondeleyo nangokusebenzayo ijike ibe omnye komnye.

Umahluko evela amathuba iimpawu Tritons

Kufuneka aqaphele bazazi umahluko phakathi leenewt kumathuba athile, njengokuba le yenye yeempazamo ixhaphakileyo. Ngoko ke, Triton - ezininzi, nto leyo equka kanye 3 imibala: augmented fourths kunye fifths olutshitshileyo. Leenewt zingakhiwa kwindawo diatonic, kunye iithowuni harmonic kwaye emnandi, ngoko ku xanisa nabo engenakwenzeka iimpawu.

Triton - a dissonance ngamandla, nto leyo eyinxalenye Isingqi lwiimi yesixhenxe. Hi ndlela leyi, malunga leenewt iya eninzi neenkolelo, omnye wabo uthi, umculo, equlethe Triton - umculo boMtyholi. Kwakungathi abasezikhundleni kumaxesha kangaka, ngoko umculo yokomoya baloo maxesha basebenzisa leenewt mhlawumbi kunye okanye ngokulandelelana, akuvumelekile ngokungqongqo. Umsebenzi kangaka, ukuba abenzi bobubi umnwe ukutyelela Kwamacala.