Kutheth 'ukuthini ukuba ngumkhenkce-mali yomhlalaphantsi yonyaka? Yintoni esongela ngumkhenkce imali yomhlala-phantsi?

Retirement imali zivumela abemi ukuchaphazela ingeniso yawo, kunye noqoqosho - ukufumana resource utyalo-mali. Iminyaka emibini elandelelanayo, ukuba ngokwayo yoyiswa "ulondolozo" okwexeshana. Le wokunqunyanyiswa yandiswa ngo-2016. Iinkcukacha ezithe xaxe malunga nokuba kuthetha ukuthini ukuba "ngumkhenkce imali yomhlalaphantsi" yaye kusongela ngayo uqoqosho kweli lizwe kunye nabantu, ufunde.

kwezi nguqulelo

Neholo labantu abaqeshiweyo ngenyanga nganye transferred-22% yemali-inshorensi. 6% kubo ngqo kuseko nokwanda namasalela - umhlala. Ngesicelo labemi yonke imali inokuthunyelwa kwi ukuyilwa ye pension.

Abantu abazalwa phambi 1967, awo akhiwa ngeminikelo yokuzithandela, imali eyinkunzi umzali. Xa abemi ukusebenza yonke iminikelo zithunyelwa ngomhla ukuyilwa ye pension. Abantu abazalwa emva 1966, angakhetha imirhumo yabo ukwabiwa yakhe. Emva koko, lo uhlaziyo itshintshile. Kunyaka wesithathu ilandelelana, yonke imirhumo abemi abaqeshiweyo ayalwa ukuba ukuyilwa ye pension kunokuba imali.

kusilela

Ukuze ukuvala imingxuma mali ngeendlela ezimbini. Lokuqala - ekunciphiseni izibophelelo zentlalo kunye neentlawulo yi 4.5%. ngobuwena elolo hlobo akuthethi ukutsala mali, ngelixa izinga eyona kwamaxabiso yi 11.9%. Okwesibini - ukunciphisa izibophelelo ngoku kwezentlalo, isalathiso elizayo nge-7%, kwakunye ukunyanzelisa ugunyaziso okwethutyana. Kutheth 'ukuthini ukuba ngumkhenkce imali yomhlala-phantsi?

prehistory

Nha qa imali yomhlalaphantsi kuxoxwa ngazo karhulumente nanini kukho umbuzo malunga nokusebenza. Kuba okokuqala esi sigqibo senziwa ngo-2013 Xa baqalisa ukubuza imibuzo malunga nokuba kuthetha ukuthini ukuba "ngumkhenkce imali yomhlala phantsi ngo-2014," kuchaza kurhulumente, kuba ngumlinganiselo wexeshana, leyo ijolise ukujonga NPF. Ngelo xesha ke wathi emva kweenyanga ezili-12 unqunyanyiso iza kupheliswa. Kodwa akuphumelelanga. Ngo-2015, imali zaye zachithwa amanyathelo anti-crisis - gxebe, ukuya eCrimea. Ukongeza, uvavanyo akazange abe nexesha ukugqiba unyaka. Entlakohlaza baqalisa ukucinga phezu into esongela ukuba ngumkhenkce imali yomhlalaphantsi kunyaka wesithathu ilandelelana, waza wagqiba kwelokuba asuse unqunyanyiso. Kodwa kwakhona akuphumelelanga.

Yintoni qhwa imali yomhlala phantsi

Unqunyanyiso buhlala unyaka omnye. Ukuqhubeka isiqinisekiso ixesha elide uzinzo kwinkqubo yonke. izithintelo kwabangela phezu kwabo, urhulumente uzama ukulungisa imingxunya lwabiwo-mali. Kuthetha ukuthini ukuba "ngumkhenkce imali yomhlala-phantsi"? Ngokwahlukileyo inkolelo ethandwayo, lo mlinganiselo aludibanisi iphepha elirhoxisa lokonga. Ngokutsho Ministry of Finance, ngo-2016 kuyimfuneko ukunciphisa iindleko engange 576 billion. okanye ukufumana enye umthombo eyongezelelweyo mali. Ngoko kuya kuba lula ukufikelela intsilelo awayecwangcisiwe-3% ye-GDP. Kungenjalo, kwi-2017-2018 biennium. Baya kakhulu uyaphela zolondolozo karhulumente. Oku ukuqonda njani?

imali yomhlala owayevunyelwe iseyeyona mali mali elinye kuphela. Xa uyila inkcitho karhulumente angqongqo. Ngenxa seminyaka emihlanu-ixesha elide iindlela mali balancing intsilelo ihlala hayi kangako. Njengoko enye yeenketho kuqwalaselwa ukunyusa umthwalo werhafu kwi kwiinkampani ze-oyile. Loo ndlela yokulinganisa ifanele ukunceda imali utshintsho kuphuhliso lwecandelo kwiiprojekthi ezintsha.

Cinga ezinye izisombululo ingxaki, ezifana ukuphakamisa irhafu yokuqhawula inkonzo, ukuncitshiswa indexation ye pension , ukuya kwi-4% ukwala ukuhlawula lobudala sotsposobiya umhlala zokusebenza, abazibandakanyileyo ingeniso yonyaka engange ngaphezu kwesigidi esi-1. Kwi umyalelo wokhuselo karhulumente nako ukusindisa ngaphandle ocwangcisiweyo engange 223 billion. Kuphela ezimbalwa elinesibini. Kaloku, lo gama nje umba yokukhulisa yobudala yomhlala phantsi leyo kuxoxwe.

Ngethiyori, kukho inguqulelo ukuba imali nazo angasetyenziswa ngezimali iiprojekthi kwiinkampani zikarhulumente, ukunceda uqalise uqoqosho. Ukuziqhelisa, le ngobuwena ayenziwanga. Ezi mali zisetyenziselwa ukulungisa imingxuma mali.

whammy double

Isiqingatha sabemi 1.7 ezigidi engange. imali NPF zaye kutyalomali corporate. Ngowe-2015, bhiliyoni 200 engange zabelwa kuqoqosho. yokonga. Iqhwa zimbi kuphela meko.

Ugwayimbo kabini ukuba imali iza swi iindleko kunokuba ngezimali eshotayo. Kuhlahlo-lwabiwo-2016 wabeka phantsi ukukhula komthamo mboleko (engange-30 yeebhiliyoni zeerandi. Ukuze billion 500). Le urhulumente kubaboleki nomtsalane ngakumbi yeebhanki. Oku lidlelelela ukulungelwa zeenkampani ukuba bangathanda ukuthatha ngetyala malunga nophuhliso. Income yabemi iya kuqhubeka ukuhla, kwaye pension abuyi zoMqulu kuneqondo lokunyuka kwamaxabiso kanye kule minyaka mithathu izayo. It is a isangqa eqhubekayo.

Kodwa into esongela ngumkhenkce imali yomhlalaphantsi lezakhiwo? Deceleration kophuhliso loqoqosho kweli lizwe, nelahleko yokuqiniseka kumaziko pension. Kubonakala ukuba ziyintoni na ezi iinketho kakhulu.

buhle

Ukuba iyitshinizele nayo kuthetha ntoni ukuba 'ngumkhenkce imali yomhlala phantsi ", vula kumbuzo kwayo uya kusinika. Ngokutsho kwizicwangciso ze-Ofisi yoMphathiswa wezeMali, ngo-2016, le ndlela yokulinganisa ayizi kunceda ukuba baxhase mali engange 344 billion. kwiminyaka ezayo-3 (de-2018 qukwanga) ngokunciphisa ukudluliselwa FIU. Kodwa yintoni kanye iya kuthunyelwa ulondolozo, alukhankanywanga.

iziphumo ekufikelelwe kuzo

Ngexesha unqunyanyiso yokuqala kukongiwa 2014 bezibhekiselwe yokuhlawula ipension yangoku. Kwakhona kwacetywa ukuba inxalenye kuya nizalise ntlekele loovimba. Enyanisweni, imali esetyenziswa ukuxhasa eCrimea.

Ngowe-2015, izinikezi ukusuka mali federal kwi Pension Fund kuya kufikelela ku-2 ezigidi engange. (30% eendleko yomhlalaphantsi). Lenyuka kabini. Ekuqaleni kulo nyaka, 285 billion engange. Kuye mayibhekiswe indexation lwe pension ukuya kuneqondo lokunyuka kwamaxabiso ezikhoyo, nto leyo ngenxa yobunzima currency laliphezulu kakhulu, kwaye ngenxa imbuyekezo iminikelo elahlekileyo. Ekwindla kwathabatha engange enye 124 billion. ngenjongo enye, ngenxa yokuba i "unokukhawuleza 'ingeniso iminikelo abazange kwanda.

Owayevunyelwe - hayi imveliso yokugqibela

pension inkqubo lobunzima siya siba sibi ukusuka komnye unyaka ukuya komnye. Ngo-2014, intsilelo ka-6 billion, wayifulela phantse isiqingatha (2.4 ezigidi engange.). Indexing iza kufuna imali engaphezulu. Abanalo lwabiwo-mali. Ngoko ke, lo intshukumo umva ingahoywa - ukwanda yobudala yomhlala-phantsi, iintlawulo .. Ncitshisiwe, ukukhuthaza kade nghena leeholide kakuhle nelilifaneleyo, njl Ukuba yokugcina engumkhenkce, urhulumente akafumani "ukuphila" imali, kodwa kunciphisa nje isixa debentures yangoku. Ukuba urhulumente ugqiba ukunciphisa intlawulo (iziqinisekiso), inqanaba yokungathembi inkqubo pension yabemi kuya kuba ngaphantsi. Ngokukhawuleza kubonakala phezu kwemveliso, izinga lokukhula imveliso. Ngoko ke, le ndlela yokulinganisa nokuba urhulumente isusa uqhankqalazo.

Izicwangciso 2016

Indexing sotspensy lwenziwa ne inflation rate aqikelelwayo - 6.6%. Okunye ukwanda okubonakalayo ngeentlawulo akwenzeki ngenxa yokuba le meko ezingazinzanga ngokwedemografi: inani labantu eyomeleleyo lifinyele, ngelixa inani umhlala phantsi uyakhula.

Ubukhulu avareji zentlawulo-2016 iya kuba li-13.2 amawaka. Thambisani. Emva kokuba kuqaliswe uhlaziyo ngo-2014, ebudeni lamathuba ziquka ezifana umntwana, abakhubazekileyo, emkhosini. Ngenxa scheme entsha ukufumana isibonelelo ngenxa 500-700 engange. Ukusebenza abantu abadala abanomvuzo yonyaka idlula amawaka 83. Thambisani., Liya kuba bengenazo izibonelelo, kodwa uya kugcina zonke iingenelo. yomhlalaphantsi Khubaza zibalwa ngokusekelwe qela, ngokunjalo EDV (iintlawulo zenyanga). Ukususela ngoJanuwari 2016 iya yi-10%. Ukwandisa ukwenza iintlawulo: I t. - 900 engange, II t .. - 500 engange, III c .. - 400 engange.

Ukususela ngo-2012, inkamnkam zomkhosi bukhulile, kungakhathaliseki ukuba imeko yezoqoqosho. 2016 ezicwangcisiweyo ukukhula 7.5%. Ngelo xesha kuya kucinywa-2% Ukongeza, iintlawulo kuya kwenziwa ukuba inkonzo elide. Kukho nenye ezintsha. Ukuba inkonzo umhlala wamajoni baya ukuya emsebenzini "ummi", ukutshaja kuya kwenziwa ubude eqhelekileyo wenkonzo, kungekho ntlawulo zongezelelweyo.