Kuthetha ukuthini ukuba "ngumkhenkce" inxalenye inkxaso ye pension? iintlawulo zomhlalaphantsi

Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, kuye umbuzo ungxamisekileyo oko kuthetha ntoni ukuba 'ngumkhenkce' inxalenye numbers ye pension? Njengenxalenye yale nqaku liza kuvavanywa ngayo kuso, yaye kwakhona iza kunikwa lentelekelelo elindeleke kwixesha elizayo.

ulwazi jikelele

Kwinkqubo yomhlalaphantsi Russian Federation isekelwe amacandelo ezimbini eziphambili: inshorensi kunye iindawo numbers. Waba ngowokuqala esawufumanayo ilifa ukususela kwixesha eSoviet Union. Icandelo lesibini liye labhalwa ukusebenza ukususela ngo-2002, xa ekuqaleni yokuvuselelwa pension sele inikwe. Yintoni isizathu kwesicwangciso onjalo?

ESoviet Union kwakukho ekulindeleke ukuba ubomi ephantsi kakhulu (namhlanje kakhulu). Xa usapho kwakukho abaninzi abantwana, ngenxa yoko ubungakanani sizukulwana yokusebenza ligqithe inani umhlalaphansi. Xa ezenzeka ngoku namhlanje, oko ungazisi isiphumo lokugqibela. Ngoko, kwagqitywa ukwenza oku kulandelayo: abemi zokusebenza ahlawule iminikelo kwingxowa-mali yomhlalaphantsi. Yonke imali iya kwiintlawulo ukuba abadla umhlala phantsi.

Sisazi ukuba ukwaluphala kuyaqhubeka kwaye inani labasebenzi na imali encinane ukwenza iintlawulo akwanelanga. Inxenye ingxaki isonjululwe Bulelani izinikezi lwabiwo-mali, kodwa ngokwemiqathango ngaphandle amanqaku ukuwa nenzuzo ayikho imali ngokwaneleyo.

Kuye kwagqitywa ukuyenza?

Intsingiselo kuphuculo pension kukuba kancane kancane kwinkqubo inkxaso. Kwiimeko ezinjalo, intlawulo yokwaluphala iya azixhomekekanga kurhulumente, kodwa umsebenzi. Yaye ngubani babeka inxalenye numbers ye pension? Lowo umnqweno wakhe ngokusesikweni kwaye wazalwa emva 1967. Kodwa kamsinya nje inxalenye numbers ye pension umhlala (njengoko sele kwenziwe, kunye elizayo) uye waba isixa esikhulu, urhulumente wanikezela isilingo ukusebenzisa ezi mali ngesisombululo iingxaki ezikhoyo.

Kwaye apha ukuza izilangazelelo uninzi lwabantu. uya kuba nako ukubuqonda Ngoku yintoni na ukuba 'ngumkhenkce "inxalenye inkxaso ye pension. Okokuqala imemezele ngo-2013. Ke ukukhula koqoqosho Russian baqalisa ukuba isantya. Ruble uyabanceda kwinyathelo ukwehla. Isigqibo malunga ufuna ukuguqulela inxalenye inkxaso ye pension kulawulo lukarhulumente kulo, iye yanceda urhulumente ukufumana ngo-2014 abongezelelweyo an engange 243 billion, nangona ngexabiso enjalo.

Ukuqhubeka nokusebenzisa le nqubo

Ekuqaleni kowe-2014, siye savumelana phezu imfuneko yokwandiswa unqunyanyiso malunga qhwa imali yomhlalaphantsi kunye nonyaka-2015. Esi kushenxa kuvunyelwa ukuba bazifumane engange 307,4 billion. Ngenxa yoko, kwaba ekuqaleni khomiwa, ngokwengqiqo emitsha yelizwi, imali leyo luhlehliswe elizayo. Kutheni ekuqulunqeni enjalo, ngoku ubuso.

inxalenye exhaswayo ye pension ukuya NPF kunye SPC uphumile ukuze kukhawulelwane neendleko zokusebenza ngenxa iintlawulo kwixesha elizayo. Kakade ke, ephepheni, kuba ibonelela ukuba imbuyekezo, kodwa indlela iya kuphunyezwa - yinto ngumbuzo omkhulu. Unga ngokucaphula amazwi Nikolaya Platoshkina, unjingalwazi kwiYunivesithi eMoscow ngenxa zezingoluntu ukuba ulwabiwo pension ayiphumelelanga. singabonakala Into efanayo kwixesha elidlulileyo, xa uxanduva ikamva bantu ngokoqobo kwadluliselwa kubo kakhulu.

Bekutheni ukuze oku kwenzeke?

Ngoko ke siyayazi ukuba yintoni na ukuba 'ngumkhenkce "inxalenye inkxaso ye pension. Makhe sijonge izinto ezibangela le meko. Ukuba iziphumo amazwi afanayo Platoshkin, ikholelwa ukuba ke ingcambu yale meko kuxhomekeke kule ilandelayo:

1. Abaqeshi musa ukuhlawula imali engaphezulu kwi Pension Fund ka Russian Federation.
2. Urhulumente, endaweni yokuba toughen uxanduva yeemfuno zoshishino ulwazi-mali okucwangcisiweyo kwaye kanye, bagqiba ekubeni lithathe imali zabantu.

Ngaphezu koko, Platoshkin ukholelwa ukuba ukuvusa umhlala-phantsi - ukuba kudlula ixesha. Ngapha koko, iingxaki alisonjululwanga, ngoko eli lizwe usoloko lifumana mngeni emitsha.

Yonke into embi kangaka?

Makhe sijonge yonke ngokunzulu. Ngelo xesha, uSekela iNkulumbuso Olga Golodets uthe ngenxa yokunqunyanyiswa kweZkim ukuyilwa awo omnye kubemi Russian akayi ziya kuchaphazeleka. Yonke imali ngoku eqokelelwa ngurhulumente, iya kufakwa kwi-akhawunti zabantu, ngenxa yabo kunye eyinkunzi ipension ziya kuyilwa. Umahluko kuphela kukuba kuya kwenziwa ngokusebenzisa inkqubo-inshorensi. Waye kwaphinda yi yintloko FIU. Kodwa kukho izinto ezininzi eziphazamisayo:

1. Ekuqaleni Bahlele ngumkhenkce kuphela ngo-2014.
2. Enyanisweni, ngoku kwandiswa kude kube 2019.
3. yomhlala ngemali - oko kukuthi, enyanisweni, capital investment. Kwaye ukukhawulezisa yayo ukususwa ukukhula koqoqosho kube nzima ukuqhuba.

Oku, ke, uyakwazi ukuwaqonda ngomsebenzi meko ze kwinkangeleko yoqoqosho olukhulu, nto leyo eye yanika iSebe loPhuhliso loQoqosho.

Kukuphi na okulunge ngakumbi: ezi nkcukacha kunye awohluke

I-inshorensi yinxalenye yokukhula kuphela ngenxa isalathiso olusezandleni ngurhulumente. Enyuselwayo nayo yonyuswa ngenxa yengeniso mali. Xela ukuba zeziphi khetho kuzakuvumela ukufumana inzuzo ngakumbi kwiminyaka 30-40, ngoku kuyingxaki. Kodwa ke inxenye inkxaso zinezibonelelo eninzi.

Okokuqala, kufanele kuphawulwe ukuba ukudluliselwa njengelifa. Ukongeza, kukho intlawulo yesixa inxalenye inkxaso ye pension angacelwa. Nangona kunjalo, oku kufuneka kube nesizathu esilungileyo. A intlawulo yesixa inxalenye ezixhaswa ngemali ye pension sisenokwamkelwa xa umntu esifa, kuba lona ziqokelelwe, okanye kwimeko yokugula. Kodwa ukwenza oku kuya kuba ukubaleka amaphepha ezifunekayo, kunokwenzeka ukuba enqanaweni kunye nabasemagunyeni. Kwakhona, ukuba ngaba une iingongoma ezimbini yenkxaso, oku kunciphisa amathuba imeko ezimbi, yaye xa kubonakala ukuba kuncitshiswe ilahleko.

isiphelo

Ngoko ke Ndiyaqonda ukuba oko kwakuthetha ntoni "ngumkhenkce" inxalenye inkxaso ye pension. Ekugqibeleni ndifuna ukunika iingcebiso kancinane. Ngaba kugxininisa kuphela umbutho ezifana ingxowa-mali yomhlalaphantsi. inxalenye exhaswayo ye pension - oko kukuthi, enyanisweni, ipotifoliyo yotyalo-mali ethile kakhulu. Ungathumela imali kwindlela ekwakugquba ngayo lo mntu ayikho phantsi kolawulo (kule ngqiqo) imeko izibambiso ebambe. Kwaye unako ukwenza ngendlela eyahlukileyo - ukutyala zonke iimali ezikhoyo ebantwaneni. Emva kokuba abantwana uziphethe kakuhle - kukwayinto entle uhlobo lotyalo-mali ukuba ngaphandle ponadezhnee inkxaso karhulumente kuya kubakho.

Yaye simele silibale ukuba ngoku (ngoko kude) kukho iintlobo iinkqubo ezifana capital koomama. Kwaye xa kunokwenzeka - kuyimfuneko ukulisebenzisa. Ngapha koko, akukho namnye unako ukuthatha unonophelo kuthi bhetele kunathi. Kufuneka sikhumbule ngale nguye ulawulo segolide. A yomhlala ekuwongwa urhulumente ... Kulungile, ukuba oko kukuthi, ngoko kokuba kube nokuqwalaselwa ayilolongezo ezilungileyo ebudaleni, nto leyo eya kwenza ukuba kwiminyaka embalwa edlulileyo ngaphezulu okanye yimbi kulo mhlaba.