Kwezivakalisi Complex: umzekelo izivakalisi. Kweziphumlisi ezakhiwe entsonkothileyo syntactical

Ngolwimi Russian kukho isixa esikhulu isintaksi, kodwa imihlaba yabo isicelo, omnye - ukutshintshwa ilizwi elibhaliweyo okanye uthethe. Bekhalisa ngolwimi oluqhelekileyo kwincoko kunye namashishini kunye lwezenzululwazi, ezithi zisetyenziswe kwimibongo iprozi. Kunokuba ezilula kunye nezintsonkothileyo zombuzo, injongo ephambili apho - adlulisele ngokufanelekileyo ingcamango kunye nentsingiselo oko kwakuthethwa.

Inkolelo izakhiwo ezimbaxa

Ababhali abaninzi bakhetha ukuvakalisa esibalisayo ngemisebenzi yakhe ngoncedo izivakalisi ezilula kunye elifutshane. Ezi ziquka yaseChekhov ( "koomofu - udade italente"), iBhabheli, O. uHenry kunye nabanye. Kodwa kukho ababhali abasebenzisa sentences with isakhiwo entsonkothileyo syntactic, kungekhona nje ukugqithisa ngcono le nkcazelo, kodwa ke iimvakalelo ukuba livuselela iinkumbulo. Ulwabiwo kakhulu abayifumene ababhali ezifana Hugo, Leo Tolstoy, Nabokov kunye nabanye.

kwezivakalisi Complex - esi sindululo apho kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo yonxulumano syntactic. Baya zinokudityaniswa:

• Coordinative kunye conjunctionless yonxibelelwano: "iqhwa ezinkulu kancinci kuqala Ndawa kombekelelo wamatye, waza wawa ngokukhawuleza ngakumbi - a Blizzard kwaqala."
• Asyndetic ne subordinative: "Xa ngokuhlwa, imozulu sibi kakhulu, akukho mntu wayefuna ukuya ngumoya, xa ndigqibile ishishini lam."
• Icandelo elinezakhiwo: "Zonke iindwendwe cwaka wangena endlwini yerhuluneli, wathabatha iindawo zabo, yaye kuphela emva koko baqalisa ukuthetha kuzo ke intsebezo yelizwi njengoko ucango ayizange ibonakale umntu babebamemile apha."
• uqhagamshelo Coordinative naphantsi: "Le enkulu entle maple igqabi ndawa ezinyaweni zam, ndaza ndagqiba kwelokuba jaju phaya, ukuba ufake ivazi ekhaya."

Ukuze kakuhle ukwakha isivakalisi esimbaxa, ufanele wazi ngqo ukuba iindawo ezihambelanayo. Ukusuka oku kuxhomekeke kulungelelaniso iziphumlisi.

elibona Coordinative lohlobo

In Russian, ngesivakalisi ezinzima ingaba ziingxaki anazo amalungu bebandakanyiwe yenye yezi ntlobo-3 lonxibelelwano - coordinative, ngaphantsi kunye asyndetic okanye zonke ngaxeshanye. isakhiwo Syntactic uhlobo coordinative khompawundi zidibene unikeza ezimbini okanye iyalingana ngaphezulu enxulumene ngokuhlanganiswa izihlanganisi.

Phakathi kwazo kunokubeka kuphele okanye sesithi kubo, ekubeni ngamnye kubo ngokwabo, kodwa ndawonye zenza up intsingiselo iqumrhu enye, umzekelo:

• Funda le ncwadi kwaye uya kufumana umbono omtsha ngokupheleleyo leyinene. (Phakathi izindululo ezimbini zinokubekwa esiphelweni, kodwa umxholo iya kuhlala injalo).
• Esondela storm, kunye nesibhakabhaka wabonakala ilifu elimnyama, bayizalisa emoyeni ukunyakama, kwaye ibhudlwa ngumoya yokuqala wavusa othwesa ngezithsaba emthini. (Iinxalenye zibe interchanged, kwaye intsingiselo yesivakalisi kuyafana).

bond Coordinative babe enye yeencindi Umatshini i kwizivakalisi ezimbaxa. Imizekelo eyaziwayo indibanisela yalo bond asyndetic.

Imifelandawonye ngokusebenzisa imvakalozwi

kwezivakalisi Complex rhoqo sidibanisa iqhina coordinative kunye asyndetic. Ngoko wabiza izivakalisi ezimbaxa, iinxalenye abaqhagamshelwe kuvimba omnye komnye kuphela imvakalozwi, umzekelo:

"Yena ubomi bakhe inyathelo (1): composition, lifutha, ngemoto ukuya kwisitishi (2), kwaye uphondo kaloliwe siqinisekiswa (3)."

Phakathi kwiindawo yokuqala neyesibini ikhonkco structure conjunctionless, kwaye iqhina coordinative izivakalisi yesibini neyesithathu zidibene, ukuba bayalingana ngokupheleleyo, kwaye uyakwazi ukubeka ingongoma phakathi kwabo.

Kulo mzekelo kukho indibanisela asyndetic imixokelelwane coordinative kunye nentsingiselo olulungelelanisiweyo lungelelanisa.

Design ne uqhagamshelwano coordinative naphantsi

Izivakalisi apho inxalenye enye yengundoqo, kunye nezinye kwayo, ebizwa Compound. Ngelo xesha ukusuka kweyokuqala ukuya wesibini, ungasoloko ubeke umbuzo, kungakhathaliseki apho, umzekelo:

• Andiyithandi (njengoko oko?), Xa waphazanyiswa kwam. (Unit Main kufuneka anikele kuqala).
• Xa yaphazamiseka mna, mna andiyithandi loo nto (nini?). (Isindululo luqala licandelo owayamileyo).
• Natasha wagqiba (ixesha? Kangakanani), Oko kuya kushiya ixesha elide (kutheni?), Ngenxa isiganeko nempembelelo kakhulu. (Inxalenye yokuqala yesivakalisi yeyona intlonipho iphambili nakowesibini, ngelixa yesibini - ngokunxulumene wesithathu).

I angena kwenye, yaye imixokelelwane subordinative coordinative ukwakha isivakalisi esimbaxa. Imizekelo kwezindululo kuxoxwa ngezantsi.

"Ndaqonda (1) ukuba ndimlindele wokunilinga omtsha (2), kunye nokufezekisa le wandinika amandla (3)."

Inxalenye yokuqala inqununu ngokunxulumene okwesibini, njengoko zinxulumene ukubheka uqhagamshelwano. A yesithathu kunye nabo iqhina coordinative ngoncedo Union kunye.

"Le nkwenkwe ukulungele ukulila (1), kunye iinyembezi bazalisa amehlo akhe sele (2) xa ucango kuvulwa (3), ukwenzela ukuba bakwazi ukuqhubeka emva kokuba unina (4)."

Yokuqala kunye nesigwebo yesibini oxhulumene iqhina coordinative ngoncedo kweManyano "and". iindawo Okwesibini, kwesesithathu nakwesesine isizukulwana isakhiwo odibanisa ukungeniswa.

In ezintsonkothileyo ezakhiwe syntactical namacebiso ezo luqulathe ukuze zingabi lula. Xiya xikombiso lexi.

"Umoya wayichola, ukhula zonke ibhudlwa (1), kunye nabantu zimbelwe ebusweni (2) iikhola xa baqweqwediswa bangena bephuma elitsha (3)."

Inxalenye yokuqala inzima amabinzana ebelidlula ngomlomo.

Types conjunctionless kunye izakhiwo subordinating

In Russian, ungenza rhoqo ukufumana ukunikezwa asyndetic, zidibene ne uhlobo subordinative zonxibelelwano. Kwezoyilo ezinjalo ube zizahlulo ezithathu okanye ngaphezulu, ezinye zazo oyintloko omnye kunye nomnye zixhomekeke. Ke bona yinxalenye imibutho ngaphandle kokusebenzisa imvakalozwi. Oku kubizwa ngokuba yi-kwezivakalisi entsonkothileyo (imizekelo ngezantsi) subordinating-asyndetic bond:

"Xa mizuzu ukudinwa ngokugqithiseleyo, ndifumana imvakalelo engaqhelekanga (1) - I Ndenza kuyo (2), apho andizange ndingenguye umphefumlo (3)."

Kulo mzekelo, iinxalenye yokuqala neyesibini luqhakamshelene intsingiselo nemvakalozwi eqhelekileyo, ngoxa yesibini (main) kunye lesithathu (sensitive) - isivakalisi esimbaxa.

"Xa nto ikhephu (1), unina Kuta mna zokwaleka ezikrelekrele ezininzi (2), ngenxa yoko nako ukuhamba ngokuqhelekileyo (3), nto leyo kuqhokrwa kakhulu umdlalo kunye nabanye abantwana kwikhephu (4)."

Kule siphakamiso inxalenye yesibini iphambili kuthelekiswa kweyokuqala, kodwa lu dityanisiwe ithoni wesithathu. Ngenxa yoko, isigwebo wesithathu kakhulu ngokunxulumene yesine yaye imele isakhiwo ephindeneyo.

Xa isakhiwo entsonkothileyo syntactic kwezinye iindawo bangathungelana ngaphandle iqhinga elingaphumi kum, kodwa kwangaxeshanye ube yinxalenye slozhnopodchinitelnogo linikeza.

Uyilo zonke iintlobo zonxibelelwano

kwezivakalisi Complex, esetyenziswa ngexesha elifanayo zonke iintlobo zonxibelelwano, nto ingaqhelekanga. Faka ukunikezwa ezifanayo kwiitekisi zoncwadi, umbhali ufuna ukugqithisa ngokuchanekileyo kangangoko kunokwenzeka xa iziganeko isivakalisi esinye kunye nemisebenzi, umzekelo:

"Yonke ulwandle ugutyungelwe (1) amaza, ukuba indlela elunxwemeni waba ngaphezu (2), zazidiliza isandi umqobo eyomeleleyo (3), kunye ne yamanzi nomsondlo ababengaxolanga amana (4) ukuba umva hit nge bang ( 5). "

Kulo mzekelo, iinxalenye yokuqala neyesibini uxhulumeneyo uqhagamshelo ngaphantsi. Le yesibini neyesithathu - asyndetic, phakathi kwesesithathu nakwesesine - bond coordinative, kwaye yesine sesihlanu - kwakhona subordinative. Ezo zombuzo elukhuni lungohlulwa lube izivakalisi ezimbalwa, kodwa babumba yonke, ukuba neemvakalelo kakhulu.

Division of iziphakamiso oluneentlobo ezahlukeneyo zokunxibelelana

Iziphumlisi e ezakhiwe entsonkothileyo syntactical zibekwa ngokwesiseko efanayo ezintsonkothileyo, conjunctionless slozhnosochinennogo kunye nezivakalisi, umzekelo:

• Xa lithe izulu wasempuma wayejika ndiyingwevu, weva ukukhala umqhagi. (Uxhulumaniso ilawulwe).
• Inkungu Light walala kuloo ntili, yaye umoya yayibebezela phezu imifuno. (Compound isigwebo).
• Xa disc kwelanga lenyuka ngaphezu kolundi, ngokungathi lonke ihlabathi lalizele izandi - iintaka, izinambuzane nezilwanyana kubulisa imini entsha. (Ikhefu umi phakathi iindawo ezingundoqo oxhomekeke isivakalisi esimbaxa, kunye dash eyahlula ukusuka conjunctionless).

Xa sidibanisa izindululo ibe nye, ufumana ngesivakalisi esimbaxa (9 iklasi syntax):

"Xa esibhakabhakeni empumalanga wayejika ndiyingwevu, laviwa kweenkuku (1), inkungu ukukhanya walala kuloo ntili, kunye zezulu zagungqa ngaphezu ingca (2), xa disc kwelanga lenyuka ngaphezu kolundi, ngokungathi lonke ihlabathi lalizele izandi - iintaka, izinambuzane nezilwanyana lwamkela entsha ngosuku (3). "

Uhlalutyo ezakhiwe ezintsonkothileyo syntactic

Ukuze enze uhlalutyo izindululo oluneentlobo ezahlukeneyo connection, kufuneka:

• ukugqiba udidi wayo - declarative, zogxininiso kunye kakhulu;
• ukufumanisa ukuba bangaphi na iziphakamiso, kulula ukulwenza, kwaye bafumane imida zabo;
• chonga iindidi unxibelelwano phakathi kweengxenye kwezivakalisi;
• luphawulwa isakhiwo block nganye (isivakalisi esimbaxa okanye ezilula);
• ukwenza icebo lakhe.

Ngoko ke kunokwenzeka yezixhobo zecomputer isakhiwo kunye naliphi na inani unxulumano kunye neebhloko.

izindululo isicelo oluneentlobo ezahlukeneyo obuchopho

izakhiwo ezinjalo zisetyenziswa kwintetho yemihla ngemihla, kunye yintatheli kunye noncwadi. Yokuba ngaphezu nokudlulisela iimvakalelo kunye abali- umbhali kunokuba ebhalwe ngokwahlukileyo. inkosi enkulu, ukuba usebenzise kwezivakalisi entsonkothileyo ukuba Lev Nikolaevich Tolstoy.