Zixhobo ze-thermobaric. Ukukhupha ibhokhwe. Izixhobo zanamuhla zaseRashiya

Ukudalwa kwezixhobo ezizezinye, ezifaniswa ngamandla kwiibhamu zenyukliya, zikwimihlaba ethembekileyo kakhulu yamasebe okhuselo kumazwe aphambili. Imingcipheko ephakamileyo yentlekele yemvelo yenza ukuba kuyimfuneko ukujonga ezinye iimfundiso zokutshatyalaliswa, okuye kwangexesha elifanayo kunomphumo omkhulu owonakalisayo. Iingcamango zezixhobo ze-thermobaric kunye ne-vacuum zihambelana nale parameters, kuba ayinakuyifumelana nokudala imiphumo ye-radiation. Iimvavanyo zokuqala kunye nokusetyenziswa kweebhomu eziphambili zenzeke phakathi kwekhulu leminyaka elidlulileyo, kwaye namhlanje umsebenzi osebenzayo uqhutyelwa ukuphucula. Abaphuhlisi baseRashiya kwiminyaka yakutshanje baye benza inkqubela phambili kulolu hlobo, okwenza kube lula ukudala izixhobo eziphathekayo ze-thermobaric ezingekho phantsi kweeAnalog.

Umgaqo wokuqhuma kwe-volumetric

Ukuqonda indlela ibhomu ye-thermobaric esebenza ngayo, kunokwenzeka ukuba ufunde ngokubanzi iinkcukacha zayo kunye nokuphendula kwamakhemikhali okwenzeka ngexesha lokuqalisa. Ngokucacileyo, isiphumo sokusebenza kwezi zixhobo kubonakaliswe ngokuphindaphindiweyo kumashishini asekhaya, xa amafektri kunye nokudibanisa nemigodi yemayini yamalahle, ukuqhutyelwa kwezinto zokushukela kwesola kunye nakwiindibano zokusebenzela zokuchonga ziqhutywe. Ngokuqhelekileyo, ubuchule bokuqhuma bunokucatshulwa njengotshabalalo oluthuliweyo oluthuliweyo, olukhukula isikhala. Ngaphezu koko, ukuqhuma kwegesi kwiindawo eziqhelekileyo kunokufakwa kwiimeko ezinjalo-kwaye kunjalo nebhomu le-thermobaric. Iinqwelo zolu hlobo zifake ifu le-aerosol, eliza kuvelisa umonakalo obulalayo.

Ukungafani kwezixhobo zenukliya

Iimpawu ezinkulu zokuqinisekisa ukuba isenzo senkunzi ebomvu ngokwemandla singathelekiswa nezixhobo zenyukliya zokutyunjwa kwamacandelo. Nangona kunjalo, iibhomu ze-thermobaric musa ukushiya intsimi yombane emva kokutshatyalaliswa. Ukongezelela, umthamo omkhulu womxube ogqityiweyo owenziwe kwiibhomu eziphumayo unika umgangatho ophezulu wexinzelelo lomxube ongezantsi. Kule nqondiso, izixhobo zenuzi, ezonakaliswe umonakalo kwi-radiation effect, nazo zilahlekelwa ngama-thermobaric analogues.

Ukongeza kwi-wave wave, ngexesha lokuqhuqhuma kweebom bomhlaba kunomgangatho ophezulu nokutshiswa kwe-oksijeni. Ukuqhuma okunjalo akuyi kubeka inkunkuma kwindawo yokusebenza-oku kubangela ukuba isimo sengqondo esingenangqondo seengcali ekuqhubekeni kokuqhuma kwezinto ezinjengezithuba zokungcola.

Ubunamandla obunzima bombompo

Ngamandla abo, iibhomu ezingabonwayo azikho ngaphantsi kweemodeli eziphambili kunye nokuguqulwa kwezixhobo zemveli zokutshabalalisa. Ii-Warheads kwiinkomfa ezinjalo ziyakwazi ukumisa amaza okutshitshiswa apho inkcazo yokunyanzeliswa yenkqubo yenkqubo ye-3000 kPa. Ukuba sithetha ngendlela umgaqo webhomu ogqityiweyo ohluke ngayo kwizenzo zama-analogue ze-thermobaric, kubalulekile ukubhala ukudala indawo engenazo umoya emva kokuqhuma. Ukuxinwa okunjalo kukwazi ukuphula yonke into ekhoyo: izakhiwo, izixhobo, i-hardware, abantu, njl.

Ukuzaliswa kokuqhuma

Kwiimfazwe ezisetyenziswe kwiibhomu ze-thermobaric, izakhi eziqinileyo azisebenzisi. Ziye zatshintshwa ngezinto ezinobuncwane, ezinika ukutshitshiswa kwamanzi amaxesha amaninzi kunokuba kuqhutywe ibhomu yenyukliya exhotyiswe ngamatyala amancinane. Ezi zinto zilandelayo zisetyenziselwa ukuzaliswa kwamafutha:

• Iindidi zamagesi anokutsha;
• Imveliso yomswakama we-fuel based based hydrocarbon;
• Ezinye izinto ezinokutsha, umhlaba ukuya kutsho uthuli oluhle.

Kwezinye iimeko, umoya womoya ufuneka ukuba usebenze i-headhead. Naphezu kweenzuzo ezininzi kwiibhomu zenyukliya, esi sixhobo esinamandla asifunanga iimali-mali ezinzulu kunye nezindleko zabasebenzi ukufumana ukubunjwa okufanelekileyo.

Umgaqo wokutshatyalaliswa

Ukuqhuma kudala emva kokufakwa komlilo kwindawo yokugcwala. Ngexesha elifanayo, ukusetyenziswa kwamacandelo ngamaxesha ambalwa ngaphantsi kwelokufuneka ukuba kubhujiswe amabhomu anamandla afanayo. Xa umrhumo ufinyelela kumphakamo ofunwayo, umxube ogqityiweyo ucofa. Ngethuba lokufumana ubungakanani obukhulu befini yegesi, i-detonator isebenze. Emva koko kuqhutywe ukuqhuma okukhulu, okubangela ukutshatyalaliswa komsindo. Kuyaphawuleka ukuba ukuqhuma okwesibini ukusuka ekuphumeni komoya kudlulileyo kweyokuqala kumandla - oku kwenzeka emva kokuba kuphelelwe i-vacuum.

Izinto zokutshatyalaliswa

Umonakalo weempawu zixhomekeke kwi-fireball eyenziwa ngexesha lokuqhuma. Xa usebenzisa izixhobo zokuphumula, umphumo we-thermal kwindawo evulekile, njengomthetho, uvela ngqo kwindawo yokuhlaselwa ngesiphumo esibulalayo (ukutshiswa komlilo) kumgama ogqitywa ngamaparitha omlilo. Kule nkalo, ukuqhuma kwebhomu yenyukliya akusebenzi kakuhle, kuba kunika impembelelo encinci emva kokuphunyezwa (ngokuqinisekileyo, ungakhankanyi umphumo we-radiation). Indawo apho amanxeba abulalayo esuka kumatshini wokutshitshiswa akuphepheki, ngokuqhelekileyo adlula umda wonakalo lomnxeba. Nangona kunjalo, kuyinto engokwemvelo ukuba ukunciphisa ukusebenza kwempembelelo yempembelelo kuhambelana nokunyuka kumgama ukususela kwi-epicenter of explosion. Ukunciphisa uxinzelelo kunciphisa kunye nezilonda ezibulalayo.

Isicelo kwisithuba esiphezulu

Ibhomu yokucoca ibonisa ukusebenza ngokugqithiseleyo kwiimeko zokukhawulelana kwendawo. Amandla okutshatyalaliswa komsindo, ongezelelweyo ngokutshatyalaliswa komlilo, uyakwazi ukunqoba iikona kwaye adlule apho kungenakwenzeka ukusabalalisa iziqhekeza. Izixhobo ezikhuselekileyo zomntu, iimingcipheko ezahlukeneyo kunye nezithintelo, kungabhekiseli kwiindonga, zingenza umqobo kwiibhokhwe zendabuko, ngelixa izixhobo ze-thermobaric zithintela izinto ezinjalo. Ukongezelela, amandla omsebenzi akhuliswa xa umtsalane ubonakala kwiindawo. Enye into kukuba isiphumo sokutshatyalaliswa siyahluka kuye kuxhomekeke kwiimeko ezahlukeneyo.

Ngaloo ndlela, kwisithuba esinqamlekileyo, umonakalo owonakalisayo webhokhwe ukwanda ngenxa yokunyuka kwengxubevalo yokutshatyalaliswa. Ngenxa yoko, kucetyiswa ukuba basebenzise izixhobo ezinjalo xa iibunkers, imihume, iinqonga kunye nezinye izinto ezivaliweyo zichaphazelekayo.

Iibhomu eziphambanayo zokuhamba

Iingcamango zemigodi yokuphumula ngexesha langoku libonisa iziphumo eziphezulu kwiiklasi zeebhomu zeenqwelo. Kwizixhobo ezinjalo, kucetywayo oku kulandelayo: ummandla wesimo uqulethe i-sensor high-tech esebenzayo ukuze isebenze kwaye ihlukanise umxube onokutsha. Inkqubo yokwenza ifu eqhuma phambili iqala ngokukhawuleza emva kokuba ifowuni ye-electromagnetic isetyenziswe kwakhona. I-aerosol yasebenzisa iipasiti zibe kwindawo ye-gas-air-substance, eyayiqhuba emva kwexesha elichanekileyo.

Iisampuli zaseRashiya zezixhobo ze-thermobaric

Okwangoku, i-armobaric arsenal yamajoni aseRussia (ngaphandle kweebhombisi zombhobho) ziquka i-rocket flamethrower "Shmel", ii-grenades TBG-7, inkqubo ye-rocket complex "Cornet", kwakunye neerokethi Rshg-1.

Ingqwalasela eyahlukileyo ifanele i-system flamethrower system "Buratino". Umxube we-tank kunye ne-rocket launcher. Isenzo sisetyenziswe kwimimiselo efanayo ye-atomization kunye nokuqhuma komxube onokutsha, ngexesha apho kutyhulwa umatshini wokutshitshiswa. Nangona ukusetyenziswa kokuzaliswa kwezinto ezixakekayo kule nto ezinzima kunokungafani neyobukhali be-thermobaric kunye nezinye izinto ezinokutsha (3000 vs 9000 m / s), umgangatho walo kunye nesiphumo sokutshatyalaliswa kukugweba le mpazamo. Xa kuthelekiswa nezifaniso, inkqubo ye-flamethrower isebenza ne-radius enkulu kwaye iyancipha ngokukhawuleza.

Ukuzaliswa kwe "Pinocchio" kubandakanya i-liquid and light metal (inhlanganisela yepropylnitrate kunye ne-magnesium powder). Ekubeni kwendiza ye-projectile, izinto zixutywe kwi-uniform state, ekugqibeleni iqinisekisa ukudala umxube we-gas-gas.

Ukuphuculwa kwezixhobo zenukliya

Nangona umnqweno wehlabathi uluntu ukuthatha amanyathelo okulawula nokunciphisa i-potential nuclear, ukubaluleka kwezi zixhobo kusekhona.

Izikhokelo zophuhliso lwexesha elizayo zijolise kakhulu kwifuthe le-neuronal, elichaphazela izinto eziphilayo. Kwakhona, iingcali zihlola amathuba okusebenzisa i-gamma radiation, ekhupha isidingo sokuqinisekisa iinkqubo ze-fission zenyukliya. Ngokomzekelo, ukusuka kwi-nuclei ye-hafnium, ibhobho enamandla kakhulu inokuphuma, leyo ngexesha elifanayo iya kuba neyantlukwano. Iinjongo ezinamandla ezinjalo zifezekiswa ngenxa yokuba ngexesha lokuqhuma kweengqungquthela ziseburhulumenteni aphezulu-ngokuthelekisa, ngokutsho kwamandla okulwa, igramu ye-hafnium kwi-state ehlawulweyo ngokufanelekileyo ilingana neekhilogram ze-trinitrotoluene.

Intsapho yezixhobo zenyukliya zanamhlanje ziquka i-kinetic, i-X-ray kunye neenkqubo ze-laser microwave. Baphinde basebenzise ukuqhuma kweekhamyliya ukukhulisa iindlela kunye nobukhulu bomonakalo.

Iindlela zokukhusela

Ukuphuhliswa kwamandla enyukliya kumazwe amaninzi, kunye nokuphuculwa kweempawu kunye nokwanda kweempembelelo zabo, kubandakanya ukudala iinkqubo ezikhuselekileyo zokuzikhusela. Le nxalenye yomsebenzi iqwalasela imigaqo apho iibhomu ezintsha zenziwe, kunye nemiphumo yokutshatyalaliswa. Ngokomzekelo, ukusetyenziswa kwemida ye-neutron, iiparitha ze-gamma kunye nemisebe ye-electromagnetic ziqwalaselwa. Ukuphuhliswa kweendlela ezintsha zokutshekisha ukuqhuma, izixhobo zokulinganisa kunye nokubeka esweni imvelaphi yemisebe, iindlela zokucima nokukhusela i-neuronal irradiation zenziwa.

Ngexesha elifanayo, ukusebenza ekuphuculeni umgangatho wabasebenzi bezokukhusela kunye nabakhuseleko ngabanye akuyeki. Ingakumbi oku kusebenza ekukhuselweni kwezixhobo zamachiza. Ngokuxhomekeka kwiimpawu zezinto ezinetyhefu , iindlela zokuqhawuka kunye nokuqhutyelwa kokusebenza kwendawo kuphuhliswa ukwenzela ukugcina ukhuseleko lwendalo. Isixhobo esiphakamileyo sezobuchwepheshe sibangela imisebenzi eyinkimbinkimbi. Ngokomzekelo, kukho iingxaki ekuququzeleleni amanyathelo ukuqinisekisa ukukhuselwa kwezakhiwo zorhwebo kwiimpahla ezichanekileyo. Kule nkalo, ugxininiso oluphambili lokugubungela izinto kunye nokunciphisa amathuba okunciphisa kwabo.

Izixhobo zanamhlanje

Okwangoku, kukho iinkalo ezahlukeneyo zophuhliso lomkhosi ukudala iindlela ezintsha zokulwa nemisebenzi. Phakathi kwabo, i-acoustic, i-boram, izixhobo ze-laser, kunye nezinye iingcamango zobugcisa obuphezulu ezinokuchaphazela umzimba womntu, ukunqoba izithintelo zekhonkrithi nezitye.

Phakathi kweengcamango ezithembisayo kunokuqatshelwa ukukhawulezisa izixhobo ezibulalayo, into ebaluleke ngayo ukulungiswa kweengqungquthela ngokukhawuleza, okuya kwandisa ububanzi bayo. Le ngenye yeeprojekthi ezenzelwe kuphela ukusetyenziswa ngaphakathi emoyeni, kodwa nakwiindawo ezingaphandle. Iiprototypes zezixhobo ezinjalo zingavanywa ukuthunyelwa kwiminyaka ezayo.

Kwinqanaba elinye kunye nezixhobo ezichanekileyo kubalulekile ukuba zibandakanye izixhobo zombane. Inyathelo labo lijoliswe ekupheliseni izinto ezithile, njengommiselo, amandla otshaba enzima. Konke oku kungasetyenziswa njengezixhobo ezichasene nomntu, kubangela iziphumo ezibuhlungu.

Isiphelo

Kwiminyaka edlulileyo, izixhobo zenuzi zibonwa luluntu njengento eyona ntoyikekayo. Oku kunjalo kunjalo, kwaye kuphela ukulawulwa ngokucophelela, kunye neendlela zokukhupha izithintelo, kungabandakanyi kwinto enokuthi yintlekele yehlabathi jikelele ngenxa yesicelo sayo. Kule nkalo, i-armobaric weapon iba yintsimbi yangempela yempembelelo yamandla, enokuthi ithathwa njengento enamandla engeyiyo yenyukliya.

Iingcamango zokuqhuma kwezinto eziphambili zifumana izicelo kwiingalo ezincinci, kodwa ngenxa yezenzo ezisebenzayo kwiindawo ezifihliweyo ziba ngumncedisi ongenakuxhatshazwa kwimisebenzi ekhethekileyo, kwimigaqo yenkqubo eyenziwa ngayo kwiingxabano zanamhlanje. Kakade ke, ukuphuhlisa amatsha akukhawulelanga kule khokelo - i-neural, laser, i-electromagnetic kunye ne-ultrasonic prototypes yezixhobo, ngokuqinisekileyo, kwiminyaka ezayo iya kutshintsha ingcamango yezenzo zamacwecwe kwimfazwe. I-Russia ngokubhekiselele kwinkqubela-mkhosi yezobugcisa ayikho ngaphantsi kwabancintisana baseNtshona, ihlanganisa zonke izikhokelo eziphambili kunye nokuphuhlisa iindlela ezifanelekileyo zokukhusela ixesha elitsha .