Le kwiintolongo odumileyo Russian - "matiloshe kaThixo Cwaka"

Peter I phezu kodonga lasekunene loMlambo Yauza matiloshe sifakwe Colony. Le nyaniso wamnika igama esitratweni, edulusele enxuseneyo emlanjeni. Yaye ukususela ngexesha uCatherine II wahlala amadoda apho ubudala, indlu eyabizwa ngokuba nomatiloshe. Abahlali bazama ukulondoloza uxolo kunye abadala Almshouse wadlula cwaka. Ngoko ke igama lesitalato ukongeza igama elinye ngaphezulu. Ke ngoku yena ngokuba Thulisa namakhadi kaThixo. Kamva kwabakho entolongweni apha, eyaziwa ngokuba "Ukuthula matiloshe kaThixo".

ngezinto zezindlu zooyise

"Ukuthula matiloshe kaThixo" Entolongweni lisukela emva 1775. Emva koko, ngengqibo uCatherine II kwi ndawo apho iziko kuvalelwa akukho namhlanje, indlu wavuleka phantsi kokhuseleko leNkampani zesisa "prederzostnyh". Njengesiqhelo kwiintolongo Russian, yaye kamva, i-Orthodox, "Bonke Usizi" yamiselwa ngo-1850, kule sakhiwo, kwaye kwinkulungwane yamashumi amabini Kwabonakala intsimbi-inqaba.

House for "prederzostnyh" isimo yayo yoqobo ezazikho ngexesha elingephi. Kakade ngawo 1870 kokuba uqambe Facility eMoscow izilungiso. Esi sakhiwo sitsha yenzelwe abafazi 150 kunye namadoda angama-300. Injongo zasentolongweni kuthiwe "kubanikela ezandleni belilinye ishishini igquba-yaziwa." Kulo igquba, ke, ingqalelo amabanjwa - mthetho encinane, amasela, abaphangi.

Andiswe indawo yentolongo. Ngowe-1912, izakhiwo entolongweni ezitsha umyili B. A. Alberti esayilwa kwakhiwa. Yaye 1917 kwiziko zawa.

Ngowe-1918, entolongweni kwakhona ubunzima uhlobo lolungiso. Kwiziko, ngokusekelwe yeziko ezikhoyo loluleko, i-Central iSebe lwezohlwayo NKJU wadalwa wenguquko. Yaba uhlobo iziko lezoluleko, ehamba calanye zonyango kunye zokufundisa. Thina niyakwenza oko uqeqesho, imfundo-kwakhona nokulungiselela yokusebenza yabantu abatsha abaneminyaka eyi-17 ukuya kuma-21. Noko ke, Abahlaziyi esebenza ixesha elifutshane. Kwiinyanga ezili-11, ngo-1919, wayeka ukuphila.

Njengoko data ezigciniwe, ibali ngokwayo entolongweni "matiloshe kaThixo Cwaka" waqalisa ekupheleni kuka-1946. Kwisayithi ye yokwambathisa okhona Kozhevnicheskaya koloni. Ekubeni koloni abantwana ukususela 1945 waqalisa indlela yokuguqula, xa noseko lwalo waliseka Prison inombolo-14 kwi-Ofisi yoMphathiswa of Internal Affairs kummandla eMoscow.

nokwakhiwa

Njengoko ka 1947, ummandla amaziko ababini sites ezinobuzaza, housings yokuqala neyesibini, ngokulandelelana kwazo. Prison "Ukuthula matiloshe kaThixo" ngelo xesha efanayo ukuthatha ezingaphezu kwama-2,000. Ukongeza, kwiziko nabo izakhiwo ezingaphandle:

• igumbi kwibhoyila, nto leyo iyaqhubeka ukusebenza namhlanje;
• lwakhiwe yegumbi imithi yokwakha zokuhlala, kujoliswe abasebenzi;
• ulawulo lwezindlu;
• lokuqondisa abasebenzi.

Ukhamba amabanjwa izixhobo kunye neendawo ezikhethekileyo kwi kummandla eyadini nkonzo. Mazangwa eyadini waba ukubonakala isangqa, ecaleni kwebala ukubiyelwa kocingo ngamaplanga. Abalindi phezu kweenqaba ezinde nangaphandle lwaqhutywa amajoni angaphakathi icandelo eMoscow of Bogorodsk.

Kungekudala emva koko, ngowe-1949, oko kwakhiwa isakhiwo yesithathu ukuze kugcinwe amabanjwa. Waba ubume entolongweni okhethekileyo, yaye umnyango bayo (ukusuka kwinani zengqondo esibhedlele 3), kwakunye kwabasemagunyeni kunye nokhuseleko ngamnye. Advantageously kuwo uvalelwa yamatyala de lwamaNazi enetyala mthetho kwaye isebenza kwi-Special Technical Ministry of Internal Affairs Bureau (nabasunguli, abayili kunye iinjineli). Abantu entolongweni zazibizwa "ofisi cowboy." ubomi Iinkcukacha kwenye yezi "sharashek" esichazwe midlalo kwincwadi yakhe "Lokuqala Circle," Solzhenitsyn uAleksandr Isaakievich.

Ukususela ekuqaleni kuka-1950, iminyaka emibini, isakhiwo solawulo aguqulwa entolongweni. Izinto urhulumente yokuqala neyesibini yongezwe 4 kunye imigangatho 5th kunye umthambo eyadini. Kuze enetyala ethwele bahambahamba kummandla kwezi nkundla, ibekwe phezu kwezindlu lwezakhiwo.

Ekuqaleni-imi- 50 kwinkulungwane yokugqibela, izigqibo zolawulo ukwahlula la maziko phakathi komzi and regional, ibange isidingo sokwandisa Iintolongo inani 14. Kule nkalo, oko uqambe inombolo Prison 1, eyaziwa engcono phakathi kwabantu nje entolongweni, "koomatiloshe cwaka. "

Emva kokufa Berii L. P. ukususela 1953 kwimeko ezisencinci inani 3 babevalelwe. INkonzo Prison inikezela ngoqeqesho sabantwananana (amabanjwa kwafuneka ithuba lokuba bafumane imfundo yamabanga), ingqesho - amabanjwa abangabantwana abasebenza workshops entolongweni, iimvulophu eyenziweyo, izinto zokudlala iKrismesi kunye nezinye iimpahla yabathengi. Imali efunyenwe unako wachitha kwiimfuno zabo, ukufumana kwi lethu iimveliso ezikhoyo. Abantwana entolongweni waze 1997. Emva kokuba kugqitywe ukubamba ngokutsha kunye nokulungiswa umzimba wesithathu. Kwaye ngo 1999 waba isebe tuberculous kwisibhedlele entolongweni.

Sibhedlela kakhulu amabanjwa wagcinwa kwizakhiwo zahlaziywa salungiswa nalapho amagosa ejele. Iziko ukhonza nje kuphela "Ukuthula matiloshe kaThixo", kodwa onke amaziko yamabanjwa le eMoscow. Isibhedlele iibhedi esibhedlele malunga 706 (esongwayo).

Leminyaka yokugqibela kwi "Ukuthula matiloshe kaThixo" uhlala wenziwe ukwakhiwa kunye nokulungiswa imisebenzi eyahlukeneyo:

• ngo-1997, siye wayalela isebe okutya (yafakelwa izixhobo zale mihla);
• ngo-1987 - CTP;
• yokuqala 90 salungiswa izindlu wesithathu;
• phakathi kwiminyaka yoo-2000 yakhuthaza kuncendile yokuqala engundoqo izindlu entolongweni
• ngokuhambisana nemigaqo enelanga, iikhamera exhobele agwetyiweyo kunye untried;
• umthambo iiyadi wambethe uphahla;
• namhlanje waqhuba wokulungisa enkulu yesibini zokwakha entolongweni.

Ngokutsho ulawulo kwinkonzo entolongweni, rhoqo kuqhutywa umsebenzi oyimfuneko ukuze kuxhaswe ukusekwa izakhiwo zikwimeko entle. Namhlanje entolongweni yi "Ukuthula matiloshe kaThixo" siquka kwezakhiwo 7.

Icala inombolo entolongweni 1 FSIN Russia

Umhla esemthethweni kwendalo nokuvalelwa inombolo yeziko 1 bakholelwa-1 Septemba 1985. Ngokomyalelo USSR Interior Ubulungiseleli inombolo evalelwe 1 ngokwesiseko owesixhenxe wesakhiwo urhulumente yasekwa entolongweni. Abantu inyoka ixesha elide eli ziko igama elithi "Ukuthula matiloshe kaThixo". Idilesi: Moscow, koomatiloshe kaThixo cwaka st, Kubhaliwe ise indlu 18. eMpuma iSithili eyinkunzi. Le ndawo iyonke yeziko - 41.438 macala onke. m.

Ekuqaleni, lo umda kwabakhonkxiweyo, ezinokuquka entolongweni, akazange ngaphezulu abantu 200. Itilongo kujongwe ukuba ikheswa ixesha eli tyala lwabantu apho ke kwakuyimfuneko ukuba senziwe amanyathelo angqingqwa esweni.

Ngowe-2001, ugxininisa nemigangatho yamazwe ngamazwe ngenxa yobukhulu balo mmandla lowo equlethwe esiphelweni, oko kuphela ngokugcwalisa entolongweni.

Kodwa ke, ngelishwa, phantse imithetho ayilandelwanga. Ngokutsho data ezisemthethweni, inombolo yeziko evalelwe 1 yenzelwe abantu 2013, kodwa umxholo ngokwenene ungaphezulu koku nani nge-21.3% yaye zaba kubantu 2441.

Okwangoku, ukuba nomxokelelwane ukuthiya ngokutsha yonke iminyaka ubukho bayo, iziko yeNkonzo States labizwa ngokuba kwiziko Federal karhulumente-"inani Ukuvalela 1 Federal States Service of Russia" (shunqulelo PKU ejele-1 FSIN of Russia).

Ukongezelela entolongweni 1, eMoscow unezinye amaziko asixhenxe yamabanjwa. Phakathi kwazo kukho ubuncinane ezaziwayo-kakuhle "Butyrka" yaye "Lefortovo".

amabanjwa eziphawulekayo

Akumangalisi ke, isihlalo enye edumileyo kwiintolongo Russian waba eMoscow. "Matiloshe kaThixo Cwaka" - eqinile umbuso into. Ukutyhubela lonke ixesha emsebenzini wayo eyaziwa ngokusesikweni amatyala amathathu kuphela yokubalekela ngempumelelo:

• Juni 5, 1995 - nxaxheba kwesinye imigulukudu A. V. Solonika;
• Meyi 2, 2004 - Baleka ummi S. Ershov, lowo avalelwe kuba ngenye imini;
• NgoMeyi 7, 2013, xa emanani kunye umqeshwa evalelwe, wagidima ulisela umbulali O. Topalov, yena nabo kamva wabanjwa.

Uluhlu amabanjwa ezaziwayo, ngubani kwenzeka ukukhonza isigwebo sakhe kwi "Ukuthula matiloshe kaThixo" mkhulu ngokwaneleyo. Phakathi kwabo - abapolitiki Soviet Yanaev G. I. kunye Yazov D. T., oosomashishini Lebedev P. L. kunye Hodorkovskiy M. B., Mavrodi SP kunye nabanye abaninzi.

modernity

Namhlanje entolongweni yi "Ukuthula matiloshe kaThixo" evulekileyo phantsi kwemiqathango ethile kumajelo eendaba kunye nemibutho yoluntu eyahlukeneyo. Ngamaxesha athile, kukho ikhutshwa phandle uhlobo yohambo eyenzelwe ukubonisa ubomi kunye neemeko nokuvalelwa amabanjwa.

Ngokuqhelekileyo, xa iziganeko ezinjalo kubonisa iindwendwe ikhamera ilungileyo, lokuphola njalo njalo. Ngokwahlukileyo kulo, ukususela amaxesha ngamaxesha osasazo kukho iingxelo malunga ukwaphulwa kwamalungelo amabanjwa,-non ukuthotyelwa kwemithetho lokuvalelwa, ugwayimbo indlala, udlame, ukubaleka amalinge, ukufa kunye namanye amathuba ezibi ukuvumela ukuba ndigwebe ukuba arhabaxa kangaka entolongweni 1. Kwaye ezi bendlela waphawula nje kuphela umxholo amabanjwa. Ngoko ke, malunga nonyaka odlulileyo, kukho inkcazelo ukuba ukwehla abasebenzi labaqeshwa Federal States Service kukhokelele ekubeni unciphiso kakhulu zabo. Oku kwakhokelela ukuvela yokoyika ngakwicala entolongweni zakule inombolo 1. Njengoko evunywe ngabasebenzi benkonzo ejele, ngenxa nokudilizwa umsebenzi abalindi nje kuyingozi kakhulu.

Kwiimeko ezinjalo, kuyacaca ukuba ngaphezu konyaka omnye ziza kusetyenziselwa ekuziseni imeko kwiintolongo Russian nemigangatho yamazwe ngamazwe.