Izilingo eTokyo kunye Zokuxinana waseLondon

Kwiminyaka engaphezu kwama asixhenxe eyadlulayo, kwabakho okokuqala kwimbali kwetyala, leyo bagwetywa izaphuli wathabatha ilifa eJamani wakuphendula isixhobo ukuba enze bubi boyikekayo. Le nkqubo yaba kuqala, ngenxa yokuba phambi kokuba ukuba wobugqwetha kwakungekho amatyala ukuqotywa amanani kwezopolitiko abaye benza yimpi nxamnye kwamanye amazwe. Yaba Zokuxinana waseLondon. Emva kweenyanga ezimbalwa eTokyo yabamba kwetyala efanayo wabenzi bobubi ngemfazwe Japan.

waseLondon

WaseLondon and Tokyo izilingo empini zange kuqhutywa phezu belligerents elula phakathi elikwisikhundla esiphezulu kunye namagosa, ezizezi kwi abancedisi unyanisekileyo Adolf Hitler. Bagwetywa oko waqalisa imfazwe kakhulu ebalulekileyo omkhulu, oko ukuba bangene kulo mgibe a lot of amazwe.

Isiseko yenkqubo yokuqala isivumelwano phakathi namahlakani States. Ngenxa yoko, i-International Military Tribunal yasekwa. Injongo yakhe kukwenzeka zobulungisa phezu main lwamaNazi.

Ixesha Izilingo Nuremberg waba phantse ngonyaka. September 30, 1946 sokugweba yaqalwa sigwebo, leyo yagqitywa ngosuku olulandelayo. Phantse zonke abamangalelwa, bawa phantsi sokugweba, ababegwetyelwe ukuya kumyinge liphezulu sisohlwayo - ukufa. abantu abathile baba nethamsanqa, ukuba isigwebo sobomi entolongweni. Abo unxulumano ezifana SS kunye SD, amaGestapo, kwaye inani eliphezulu yamaNazi eJamani zafakwa phantsi mthetho, kunye namalungu zabo bafumana isohlwayo esiqatha.

Bebonke abantu abali-12 bafumana isigwebo sokufa, Rosenberg waba phakathi kwabo, Ribbentrop, Goering, Keitel, Kaltenbrunner, kunye nabanye.

Tokyo

Tokyo izilingo empini, kwakunye inkundla eNuremberg, zenziwa okusesikweni ngamabelana Second World War, kodwa ikomkhulu yaseJapan. Yaqala Meyi 3, 1946, yaye nexesha baso omnye umyalelo wukulu swinene ku tlula kwe Igqiza eJamani. izilingo Tokyo kwaqhubeka ngaphezu kweminyaka emibini kwaye yaphela November 12, 1948.

International Military Tribunal ngenxa East Far isigwebo sokufa inkulu mthetho ezisixhenxe imfazwe, phakathi kwabo umlungiseleli imfazwe, inkulumbuso kwaye babe aphezulu kwizikhundla iinjengele zika-Japan. Ezinye izaphuli izilingo Tokyo wazisa bathothoze ezahlukeneyo, elinesithandathu kuzo ubomi.

Phakathi amacala eye abamangalelwa yenziwa nenziwa ezifana ukulungiselela imfazwe, kokuqhambuka kwemfazwe, ukuthatha inxaxheba kuyo, ukutshatyalaliswa abahlali, amabanjwa emfazwe, kwakunye nezinye amatyala olwaphulo-mthetho.

Ixabiso ngeemvavanyo eNuremberg and Tokyo

inkqubo Tokyo inkundla efanayo eyayibanjelwe e eNuremberg, ibaluleke kakhulu yembali. Zombini iinkundla ziye ingqalelo kwaye kwasekwa ukuba imfazwe ndlongo nowaphula iJamani yamaNazi, i kakhulu solwaphulo-ngamazwe isikali.

Ukongeza, i-iNkundla International iye yaba ngumthombo imfundo kunye isiseko imithetho ngamnye esemthethweni esetyenziswa kumthetho wamazwe ngamazwe. Sami emimiselweni benkundla yamatyala mabini, kwakunye izigwebo basinika ngawo, kamva evunywe yi weZizwe eziManyeneyo, yaye, ke ngoko, imigaqo la maxwebhu, njengoko apho isigwebo lwaqhutywa kwaye kwasekwa kwayo ulwaphulo-mthetho olumasikizi ziye jikelele waqonda nemimiselo yomthetho ngamazwe.

iinkqubo neziphumo

Kuyinto ngenxa waseLondon kunye Tokyo izilingo zalungiselelwa kamva ngenjongo ezibalulekileyo izixhobo ngamazwe njengoko Universal Declaration of Human Rights. ixabiso eziphathekayo, nabo kwafuneka iminqophiso eyahlukeneyo yezizwe ngezizwe, i sigqibo kwi ekulweni phakathi apho nocalucalulo ngokobuhlanga, kunye neNgqungquthela ukhuseleko lwepropati yenkcubeko ngexesha kukungafani axhobileyo, kwakunye namanye amaxwebhu ezininzi ezibalulekileyo.

I-Convention UN wavunywa ngo-1968, njengoko apho izikrelemnqa imfazwe kwimiqathango ixesha nobutyala awusebenzi. Olo isixhobo kwakufuneka ngenxa utyekelo rhoqo ukuze ayeke ukutshutshisa mthetho ngamnye lwamaNazi.

isiphelo

ukubaluleka International nembali izilingo esenzeka emva yeSibini kweMfazwe Yehlabathi emizini Nuremberg kunye Tokyo, kunzima ukuba zazi. Ekwenzeni le nkqubo, kwaye kwaqatshelwa ukuba baye phantsi kwimbali. Le kweziphumo zokufunda kunye nolwazi kuya kubaluleka kakhulu ukuba le mbali elizayo ubheke ezi ziphumo ukuze ufumane inyaniso. Ngelo xesha izilingo novalo abe ngonenceba isilumkiso ukuya abezopolitiko kunye neenkokheli onke amazwe ehlabathini.