Le motherboard (circuit). Icebo kunye nokuqeshwa le motherboard

Le khompyutha amacandelo amaninzi. Enye yeendima ezibalulekileyo, ngaphandle apho akunakwenzeka ukuba ntetho ngomsebenzi wakhe, nguye motherboard. Umphathi wesekethe yale sixhobo inzima kakhulu, yaye yona ibandakanya amacandelo eziliqela. Ngayo oko kwenziwayo?

Yintoni motherboard

Libhekisela isixhobo sisiseko sokwakha inkqubo yekhompyutha kwi ubugcisa. Bakhwela motherboard ngaphakathi kwimeko kunye nenkqubo yakhe Ukupholisa nonikezelo namandla. Lokuhlela ukusebenzisa eyahlukileyo imigangatho ezibonakalisa ubungakanani apparatus, indawo yayo eqwalasele, ubeka igalelo / kumazibuko output kunye kwiindawo zokubeka ibhasi (CPU kunye RAM). Isekethi motherboard phantsi Siqendu iya kuba A ongacacanga ngcembe. Kwaye siza qala ezisisiseko.

PCB

On kulo imigca uphawu adibanayo zonke izinto kunye. Ukuba ngaba zibekwe kufutshane kakhulu, ingxolo iya kwenziwa ukuba signal. Okuya uba mkhulu umsantsa ubude selayini nangokusulela kwayo data kuliwa, kungona uya kuba kumgangatho kozinzo. Ngoko ke, ukuze ngisho kwi computer lubiza kakhulu kwaye athembekile. Ukunciphisa le ndlela, ukudala i eziprintiweyo ibhodi yesiphaluka-multi umaleko, lo gama ngokuphindaphindiweyo ukwandisa indawo yayo kuluncedo kwaye umgama phakathi kwemigca. Kwizixhobo mihla lisetyenziswe ngokufuthi maleko ezintandathu: ezintathu umqondiso, phantsi enye ukondla ezimbini. Iibhodi zeesekethe eziprintiweyo wazifaka zonke izinto ezenza kube yinxalenye ye computer. Oku kuquka amacandelo kunye namazibuko. Icebo Uxhulumaniso motherboard inika isalathiso na ukuba kuya kuba kunokwenzeka ukuba azibandakanye kwixesha elizayo. Ngenxa yoko, izixhobo zale mihla kufuneka isiqingatha izihlanganisi kweshumi kwiintlobo ngeentlobo izixhobo ngaphandle kwezo ziya kuqwalaselwa phantsi Article. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba uninzi motherboards developers sinyanisekile isicelo abasebenzisi imveliso yawo ukuphucula kuyo ngokudibanisa amalungu amatsha (ezifana memory).

chipset

Kwakhona olubizwa iseti logic nkqubo. Ngoko wabiza iitshiphusi, leyo kunye ukunika ukusebenza inkathazo-sesisa RAM, CPU, izilawuli ze peripheral, amakhadi imizobo kunye namanye amacandelo ukuba udityanisiwe kwi motherboard. Enkosi kubo, ukuchaza izinto ezisisiseko parameters onelungelo le fowuni. chipsets Modern, njengoko umthetho, zisekelwe kumacandelo amabini. Ngamnye kubo a chipset eyahlukileyo. Kodwa luqhakamshelene-high speed ibhasi. Kodwa wesekethe motherboard ivame kangangokuba ngokuthe ndawonye. Nale ukothula kwenzeka amajelo onxibelelwano kunye nezongezelelo ezahlukeneyo kunye peripherals. Kwakhona, kunye nophuhliso kwezikim yokuhlanganiswa netheknoloji ngakumbi ezincinane, ephantsi iindleko kunye nombane kuncitshiswa ngabo.

Northbridge

Yena livelela kwaye i data evela kwi amavili amane:

1. System.
2. Ezinxulumene ne kwinkumbulo.
3. Enxibelelana ikhadi yemizobo.
4. Ezinxulumene kwebhulorho ngasezantsi.

Le fowuni iquka umlawuli memory kunye nenani interfaces. Nangona umsebenzi wokuqala kungathathwa lixesha ngenxa yokuba ifowuni efanayo luyafumaneka kuzo zonke iikhompyutha mihla. Kunjalo enokuthethwa esibonakalayo, nenoxanduva ngemizobo.

South ibhulorho

Oku kwakhona yinxalenye ebalulekileyo eseyiphantse naliphi motherboard. Isixhobo yesiphaluka kulo mzekelo mkhulu kakhulu. Umzekelo, oku kuquka emoto ezifana:

1. Lijongene ukuxhasa unxibelelwano kunye ibhulorho ngasentla.
2. Ukuxhuma ibhulorho kunye amakhadi ukwanda.
3. Lijongene kwabelwane data namanye iikhompyutha okanye peripherals.
4. Ethatha inxaxheba kunxibelelwano nzima drives.
5. Indlela yokuqhuba ishishini exchange data abanezixhobo kade.

Inkqubo basic igalelo / output (BIOS)

BIOS - inkqubo esisodwa, zidityaniswe xa imemori kuphela efundwayo (ROM). BIOS ikhona kwi motherboard kunye namanye amacandelo ikhompyutha (amakhadi imizobo, izilawuli, njalo njalo). Thina ucinga ukuba inguqulelo ngokubaluleka ngenxa yokuba xa khompyutha iqala, iqwalasela ezininzi izixhobo elidityaniswe kuyo (inkumbulo, disk nzima, CPU, njalo njalo). Ke BIOS initializes esisebenza ukuba unalo motherboard. Umphathi wesekethe ibekwa kwinqaku kusivumela ukuba baqonde ukuba nabo kwaye usebenzise ezinye izixhobo kunye nenkqubo yokuseka enayo. Ukuba yonke into iyasebenza ngaphandle iingxaki, izinikezi BIOS ukulawula kwinkqubo yokusebenza.

Generator lwewotshi

Esi sixhobo kuyimfuneko ukuze kwakhiwe isignali ezinzile kakhulu ngamaxesha athile, leyo synchronizes nokusebenza izinto computer. Siqulathe ikloko generator kunye a resonator zwi. Last ngokwalo ungenza imiyalezo. Kodwa abayi zingafumaneka nge frequency eyimfuneko ekusebenzeni imemori ibhasi mihla CPU. Ngoko okhulisa kunye iwotshi kusetyenziswa. Amaza ukubetha becala kuchaphazela isantya apho intelekelelo iza kwenziwa. Ngenxa yoko, nayiphi intengiselwano efunekayo inani elithile mijikelo. Ngako oko, kokukhona kubo yesibini nganye, kokukhona kungcono ukwenziwa komsebenzi. Kodwa le ngxelo kuyinyaniso kuphela izixhobo ukuba babe microarchitecture efanayo. izinga clock angandiswa, kangangokuba uya kwandisa intsebenzo computer. Kodwa kukwakho bawo. Ngenxa yoko, ukunciphisa ukuzinza amacandelo computer, yaye emva msebenzi usoloko kuyimfuneko ukuhlola operability. Enye nokubi - izinto ezahlukahlukeneyo ukuze nokuba yonakele ngenxa yeemeko ezinzima yokusebenza. Ngaphezu koko, uhlobo iingozi ziya kwanda.

Ezinye izinto ezibe motherboard

Icebo ifowuni kunceda ukuqonda ukuba izakhi ezidweliswe ngasentla - ukuba asingabo bonke. Yintoni na ngaphezu koko? Kubalulekile, kwaye inani elikhulu capacitors, umsebenzi walo ongundoqo - ukuqinisekisa ukuhamba kakuhle ombane. Bona yimfuneko ngenxa yokuba umgangatho ukusetyenziswa kwamandla ukuze kabukhali zitshintshiwe (kwenzeka ntoni xa uyeka ukusebenza, okanye uhlaziyo wayo). Capacitors kugudisa nokunyuka ombane. Oku kwandisa uzinzo ubuchwepheshe, kwakunye ukwandisa ubomi zonke izinto eziya kwi computer.

Umzekelo eziphathekayo

Makhe sibone ukuba yintoni na umzobo le motherboard Asus. Njengoko ubona kulo mfanekiso ubonisa ngokucacileyo umlawuli enkulu elithetha uluhlu olubanzi lweentshukumo. Ewe, kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba ukujikeleza + motherboard kunye laptop computer ziya kwahluka kancinci. Ngoko ke, xa zimbalwa iindawo zokuqala, nto leyo esisizathu sokuba yonke into kufuneka abekwe kule mfumba. Kakade ke, lo khompyutha indawo ngobuhle, kodwa kukho ingxaki kungekhona ahlekise. Ukuze uqonde oku, kufuneka umzobo kweentambo le motherboard Asus kunye engenasizathu computer. Thelekisa njani kwaye yintoni ibekwe. Notebook elungiselelwe yonke into, yonke indawo ibalulekileyo. Nangona iikhompyutha, ngenxa kwindlela iyunithi, apho isithuba ngakumbi kulo akukho ingakumbi becinga.

isiphelo

Kulungile, ngoku, ndicinga ukuba ngumbono omhle yintoni le divaysi. Saze scheme motherboard Asus iye ingqalelo. Well uzalise mfanekiso zinikwe ngemizobo kwiSiqendu.