Igolide Zingaphi Russian? Le oovimba igolide Russia

Yinto akukho mfihlakalo ukuba igolide ngawo onke amaxesha yayigqalwa uphawu ubutyebi. Kuba metal anqabileyo ngabantu abaphangiweyo, evinjwa ebomini. ithi Lonke ukubandakanyeka kwiimbambano zomkhosi, ukufumana ilungelo ilifa igolide.

Okwangoku, i izimbiwa "brilliant" liye bungalahleki kwesinomhlwa ixabiso layo kwaye ngenkuthalo isetyenziswa amagunya ehlabathi njengesixhobo ezisebenzayo ukukhusela ukusuka ungonakala zemali. Ngamanye amazwi, inxalenye ebalulekileyo yale fund reserve (i-inshorensi), njengokuba ngaphambili, igolide.

"In reserve"

Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba manani namhlanje abonisa ukuba Tsentrabankah amazwe ahlukeneyo, kuquka oovimba i-IMF kaThixo, "kuza" phezu 32 kweetoni eziliwaka ngentsimbi 'nengqondo ". Ngaphezulu kwenani labemi ngohlobo iinkozo zemali kunye nezacholo.

Kule nkalo, abaninzi babantu bakuthi anomdla umbuzo wegolide kangakanani Russian.

Eyona nto iphawulekayo kukuba ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane xxi umthamo legolide ehlabathini malunga 150 400 neetoni ngentsimbi "ecwebezelayo".

A elishumi emva koko, eli nani ngasentla unyuke amawaka 15 neetoni.

Malunga ne-20% ye-"umhlaba" amaziko zebhanki reserve jikelele ubambe njengempahla yolondolozo kunye nemali nozinzo.

isakhiwo zesitokhwe malunga 1750 neetoni "ezikrelekrele" le metal ezixabisekileyo, nto leyo senzelwa eyona kwiinkampani zotyalo.

Kakade ke, abemi beli lizwe kweemeko kozinzo lwemali kazwelonke uya kuba nomdla ukwazi zingaphi ngegolide Russian.

US isikhundla umthamo koovimba zegolide

Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba imi--30 kwinkulungwane yokugqibela, amazwe amaninzi, ukoyika ndlongo German, eUnited States unikezele oovimba negolide yabo ukwenzela ukuba igcinwe ngokunqatyisiweyo. Nanamhla oku, baba kwi-Federal Reserve Bank of New York.

Kungoku nje, urhulumente US ijonga ngenyameko yonke imisebenzi ye IMF-mali, nto leyo akakwazi ukulahla igolide ngaphandle kwesigunyaziso-mthetho.

Kude kube kamva nje, le meko onke amalungiselelo. amanyathelo Noko ke, ngo-2011, Venezuela uqalise ejoliswe imbuyekezo kwenxenye ye-metal amanene kukuba kwamanye amazwe, nto leyo malunga 160 iitoni ezixabisa $ 11 yezigidi zezigidi.

Imeko kwilizwe lethu

Kodwa emva lo mbuzo: "Indlela igolide Russian ezininzi" Emva kuphambuko kangako kwimbali.

NaseRussia ngaphambi revolution

reserve igolide Russian ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane XX waba ngaphezu 'umxhelo. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba kwakukho nabanye nasekuphangweni, "wayichitha" sithengise impahla fund legolide lizwe thuba ezimbalini. Ngaphandle koku, ngo-1913 waba ingqalelo enkulu ehlabathini. "Igolide Bangaphi Russian ngoko?" - eniyicelayo. Kwakukho malunga 600 neetoni intsimbi anqabileyo, nto leyo ilingana phantse 1 billion 700 million imali engange (at ngeranti yanamhlanje - $ 60 billion)

Soviet Russia

Emva kokuba October Revolution, kwabonakala yinxalenye ebalulekileyo ye "igolide Russian" kumazwe Western aseYurophu. Hlalani kwintsimi ubutyebi USSR zaye ziphangwe zombini abomvu namhlophe.

Xa kwaqhambuka iMfazwe Yehlabathi I yaphela, urhulumente waseSoviet uthembise ukuba adlulisele indlela tonnes 250 zegolide eJamani njengembuyekezo.

Kule 20 yenkulungwane lokugqibela, eSoviet Union aziqhekeza amagosa iitoni 200 zegolide nazo ukwenzela ukuba kuthengwe zikaloliwe yaseBritani kwaye Swiss 'eqolo ". Ekugqibeleni, lo gama urhulumente waseSoviet "wayichitha" iitoni ezingaphezu kwama-500 kulo metal anqabileyo.

Ekuqaleni imi--30 kwinkulungwane yokugqibela, koovimba zegolide waseUSSR akazange ngaphezulu tonnes 150.

Ngexesha collectivization abasemagunyeni eqala ukuzibandakanya kwicandelo lemigodi yegolide. Ngenxa yoko, ekuqaleni sha-50, ilizwe lethu liye livela emhlabeni ngaphezu kweetoni 2051 zegolide - eli nani ligqithe reserve igolide "basebukhosini 'of Russia.

Kwadlula amashumi eminyaka, "igolide" fund lehla, kwaye yi-80 yee yee-oko wayesele ubukhulu 700 neetoni.

emva kokulungisa

Kule 90 yokuqala ', ixesha "ngobuninzi sell-off" lukarhulumente, nto leyo reserve igolide lizwe baphela ukuya kwiitoni ezingama-480.

Ngowe-1992, lo mgaqo-nkqubo ka 'elikhulu-scale sell-off, "waqhubeka Boris Yeltsin, kwaye umthamo koovimba zegolide lancipha ukuya kwiitoni 290.

Ukuqala kwenkulungwane xxi

Ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane entsha, ngaphezu amagosa baqalisa ukuba baqwalasele neendlela nezokukhupha zegolide, ukuze imveliso yayo kuyanda.

Nje elishumi ilizwe lethu liye lakwazi cinezela eJapan ukuba yesibhozo kwindawo ranking ithi kunye iidiphozithi inkulu "metal amanene". Ufuna ukwazi zingaphi iitoni zegolide eRashiya , kwakukho ngo-2010? Malunga 800. Ekuqaleni kuka-2011, intloko Central Bank wathi sikhokelo zemali lijonge ukwandisa iqela metal elinqabileyo koovimba ngegolide, nyaka ngamnye ukuzuza ngaphezu kweetoni kwe-100 etshe.

Asingabo bonke ulwazi malunga indlela oovimba zegolide eRashiya, ikwazile ukugcina ngo-2011. I ikwazile ukufikelela uphawu iitoni 871,1 of. Iinkokheli kwezi zikhundla namhlanje amazwe afana ne-China, India, eJamani. Ukuveliswa nokombiwa kwegolide anda Kazakhstan and Belarus.

namhlanje

Kakade ke, abantu abaninzi banomdla umbuzo njani ngoku negolide eninzi eRashiya. Kufuneka igxininiswe into yokuba kule minyaka mihlanu idlulileyo ilizwe lethu liye landa umthamo koovimba zegolide ubuncinane kwisiqingatha.

Ukanti, ukuba igolide yimalini geni Russia ngoku? Ukuba uthathe ingqalelo yokuba ngo-2014, le iitoni 272 of zegolide kwenziwe ngaso ixesha layo. Njengoko yokwenza ubonisa kwiminyaka yakutshanje, umlinganiselo iinyanga ezili-12 kwilizwe lethu iveliswa ukusuka kwiitoni ezingama-200 ukuya-300 metal anqabileyo. Yiloo imigodi yegolide bangaphi Russia ngonyaka. Uyavuma, oku a lot. Xa sincokola ngayo namhlanje, ilizwe lethu liye malunga 1200 iitoni zegolide.

Yeyiphi avelisa ubutyebi belizwe lethu

kwimimandla ezibalulekileyo zemveliso kwilizwe lethu, intsimbi amanene zezi: Republic of Bashkortostan, Magadan yaye iingingqi Irkutsk, i Krasnoyarsk Territory, i iyavuma Territory. Iinkampani eziphambili kulo mmandla kuqwalaselwa of "Northern Urals Gold", SAM kunye Cjsc "Magadan Silver", JSC "Seligdar", LLC "Neryungri zentsimbi", JSC "Mine Aprelkovo".

Apho ubutyebi igcinwa

Malunga ne-70% ye fund legolide Russia buzinze lesixeko, ezizezi indawo ye-Central Bank of Russia store. Le ubutyebi ephambili ligcinwa bullion, leyo eyandisiweyo 6100 imibhobho. Ubunzima konke ingot eqhelekileyo ukususela ngeekhilogram-10 ukuya kweli-14. ingot Mass mbini iyahluka grams 100 ukuya 1000.

Okwangoku, amafa igolide lizwe yinxalenye yale fund sinjalo, nto leyo eza kuqinisekisa ukhuseleko baseRashiya xa kuthe izothuso kwezoqoqosho.

Enye indlela okanye omnye, kodwa namhlanje wonke ummi welizwe lethu ungenza eyakho oovimba yakho negolide, evula idipozithi metal okanye ukuthenga bullion ebhankini izimbiwa "okhanyayo".