Leesynapse Cholinergic: isakhiwo, umsebenzi

leesynapse Cholinergic uyindawo apho kukho unxibelelwano phakathi luvo ezimbini okanye iiseli neuronal kunye effector ukwamkelwa uphawu. Le synapse ubunjwe imifinya ezimbini - presynaptic kwaye postsynaptic, kwakunye ukusuka emqhokrweni wengxondorha zobuchopho. Transmission neemvakalelo-luvo lwenziwa ngokusebenzisa umlamli, ngamanye into samaza. Oku kwenzeka ngokuthi intsebenziswano ye-receptor kunye neurotransmitter xa ndizayo postsynaptic. Lo ngowona msebenzi ungundoqo leesynapse cholinergic.

Le mbambano nezamkeli

I-NA neurotransmitter parasympathetic yi acetylcholine receptors - iindidi ezimbini receptors cholinergic: H (inicotine) kunye M (muscarine). M-cholinomimetics ukuba uhlobo isenzo ngqo ukuze ukukhuthaza zemizwa uhlobo ndizayo postsynaptic.

Yindibanisela acetylcholine lwenziwa xa kukho icytoplasm of neziphelo cholinergic neuronal. Oku wabumba choline kunye atsetilkoenzima-A, nto leyo iba imvelaphi ayo. Yolungelelwaniso kwenzeka phantsi yintshukumo enzyme choline cytoplasmic. Le vesicles zobuchopho lwenzeka yokulahlwa kwe acetylcholine. Kwimeko nganye kwezi amaqamza singaba amawaka aliqela molecule acetylcholine. Umlawuli angxamele luvo ivuselela ukukhululwa acetylcholine kwi molekyuli zobuchopho emqhokrweni wengxondorha. Emva koko, lingena ibe intsebenziswano receptor acetylcholine. Ubume cholinergic synapse ekhethekileyo.

isakhiwo

Ngokutsho data, leyo ziyafumaneka biochemists, acetylcholine receptor synapse neuromuscular ingaquka subunits protein ezintlanu angqonge umjelo ion nokwandisa nge yonke Ebubanzini inwebu kuqulethe lipid. Iperi iimolekyuli acetylcholine ukusebenzisana iperi α-subunits. Oku kukhokelela ekubeni ivula umjelo ion kunye inwebu postsynaptic into depolarized.

Types of leesynapse cholinergic

receptors Cholinergic abekiwe ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo kunye efanayo ngeendlela ezininzi ezibuthathaka lokuba arhente imithi. Ngokuhambelana kunye nale mahluko:

• Maskarinochuvstvitelnye receptors cholinergic - ekuthiwa-receptors M-cholinergic. Ingaba inani muscarine azalwa mushroom enetyhefu alkaloid, Amanita umzekelo.
• Nikotinochuvstvitelnye holinoretseptora - ekuthiwa-receptors H-cholinergic. Nicotine i alkaloid ezifumaneka ngamagqabi icuba.

indawo yazo

Eyokuqala ibekwe kwi inwebu yeseli postsynaptic owakhiwa ngayo amalungu effector. Bona zibekwe kwi iziphelo imicu postganglionic parasympathetic. Ngaphezu koko, nabo baye kwiiseli zemithambo, ganglia yawo kunye neuron. Kuye kwafumaniseka ukuba ii-M-cholinergic of eyendawo ezahlukeneyo owahlukeneyo, nto leyo ekhokelela ukuba uvakalelo ezahlukeneyo kweziyobisi leesynapse cholinergic uhlobo imithi.

Iindidi kuxhomekeke kwindawo

Biochemists iintlobo ezininzi receptors M-cholinergic:

• Ibekwe ganglia yawo kunye nenkqubo luvo. Uphawu lowokuqala ukuba ibekwe ngaphandle leesynapse - receptors M1-cholinergic.
• Isembindini. Abanye babo ukunceda ukunciphisa ukukhutshwa acetylcholine - receptors M2-cholinergic.
• Ise kwemisipha gingxi, kwaye uninzi kwamadlala yonyango - ii-M3-cholinergic.
• Isembindini, xa ezindongeni alveoli pulmonary, kwi-CNS - receptors M4-cholinergic.
• Wazibeka CNS, kwi iris iso, kwamadlala amathe, xa iiseli egazini mononuclear - receptors M5-cholinergic.

Impembelelo phezu nezamkeli cholinergic

Uninzi neziphumo ezinikezelwa zizinto amayeza eyaziwa ezichaphazela receptors M-cholinergic, ngenxa impefumlelwano ezi izinto postsynaptic M2 no M3 nezamkeli cholinergic.

Cinga ukuhlelwa mali ezivuselela leesynapse cholinergic ngezantsi.

ezenza H-cholinergic elime kule ngingqi inwebu ye-luvo postsynaptic kwi neziphelo ganglia Imisonto nganye preganglionic (in ganglia parasympathetic novelwano), kule ndawo sinus carotid, kwi Medulla adrenal, xa neurohypophysis, kwizisele Renshaw kwi umsipha skeletal. Uvakalelo le receptors ezahlukeneyo H-cholinergic kuyahluka izinto. Umzekelo, receptors H-cholinergic kwi izakhiwo ganglia yawo (uhlobo receptors cala) kufuneka umahluko omkhulu evela receptors H-cholinergic kwi umsipha skeletal (imisipha-type receptor). Yiyo le phawu ivumela ukuba zivale ngokukhetha izinto ezikhethekileyo ganglia. Umzekelo, kurarepodnye into ekwaziyo kuthintele transmission neuromuscular.

ezenza cholinergic Presynaptic kunye adrenoceptors inxaxheba kwinkqubo ummiselo yokukhululwa acetylcholine kwi uhlobo synapse neuroeffector. Ukukhuthazwa kwezi receptors kuya zinqanda ukukhululwa acetylcholine.

Acetylcholine idityaniswe receptors H-acetylcholine kwaye ukutshintsha Ukumila zabo, kwandisa izinga permeability le ndizayo postsynaptic. Acetylcholine lubanesiphumo emnandi ion isodiyam ngoko ukungena kwi yeseli, kwaye oku kukhokelela isibakala sokuba inwebu postsynaptic into depolarized. Ekuqaleni kukho amathuba zobuchopho endawo efikelela ixabiso elithile, aze aqalise inkqubo okuvelisa amathuba amanyathelo. Emva koko, imincili lwasekuhlaleni, nto leyo kuphela kwindawo zobuchopho iqala ukusasaza ngapha iseli ndizayo. Ukuba kukho ukukhuthazwa receptor M-choline, indima ebalulekileyo eyadlalwa abathunywa yesibini ne G-iiproteni ugqithiso umqondiso.

Acetylcholine wenza ixesha elifutshane kakhulu. Oku kungenxa yokuba kubhaliwe hydrolyzed ngokukhawuleza ngokuthi acetylcholinesterase enzyme. Choline, oluthi luqokelelane ngexesha haydrolisis kwe acetylcholine ngumqulu isiqingatha terminal presynaptic ndifungeleni naxa uthuthwa ukuba kukho icytoplasm ukuze biosynthesis kweziveliso ze-acetylcholine.

Substances abasebenza kwi leesynapse cholinergic

Amayeza kunye ezahlukeneyo iikhemikhali nomthelela eziliqela iinkqubo zinxulunyaniswa transmission zobuchopho:

• Inkqubo acetylcholine yokuqaphela.
• mbambano release Process. Umzekelo, carbacholine esikwaziyo ukuphakamisa inkqubo release acetylcholine, ityhefu botulinum akudodobalise inkqubo release neurotransmitter.
• Inkqubo yentsebenziswano phakathi acetylcholine kunye choline receptor.
• Haydrolisis bemvelo enzymatic acetylcholine.
• Lokufakwa kwe choline, lisekwa haydrolisis ye ukugcina acetylcholine presynaptic. Umzekelo, kunganqanda gemiholiny of neuron bamba nokuthuthwa choline kwi yeseli kukho icytoplasm.

ngezigaba

Kuthetha zivuse leesynapse cholinergic, awukwazi kunika kuphela isiphumo, kodwa isiphumo le anticholinergic (xi). Njengoko njengesiseko nokwahlulwa kwezinto ezinjalo biochemists basebenzisa kwicala amanyathelo ezi zihlanganisi receptors ezahlukeneyo cholinergic. Ukuba ngqo umgaqo ezinjalo, izinto ezichaphazela receptors cholinergic ukuba zihlelwe ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:

• Substances leyo iba nefuthe receptors M-cholinergic kunye receptors N-cholinergic: a holinomimetikami ezi acetylcholine kunye carbacholine kwaye holinoblokatoram - tsiklodol.
• uhlobo anticholinesterase ithetha. Ezi ziquka salicylate, physostigmine, Neostigmine, galantamine hydrobromide, Armin.
• Izinto ezichaphazela ezo leesynapse cholinergic. Ngu cholinomimetics ziquka pilocarpine hydrochloride kunye aceclidine ukuba holinoblokatoram - atropine sulfate, matatsin, tartrate platifillina, bromide ipratropium, hydrobromide skopalamina.

• Substances ne vlinyanie receptors H-cholinergic. Ngu holinomimetikami ezi tsititon kunye lobeline hydrochloride. blocker H nicotinic acetylcholine receptor zingahlulwa zibe ngamaqela amabini. Lokuqala - i kuthetha uphawu ganglioblokiruyuschimi. Ezi ziquka benzogeksony, gigrony, pentamin, arfonad, pyrylium. Iqela lesibini vkulyuchaet into Curariform. Ezi ziquka relaxants kwezihlunu, ngokubonelela inyathelo neuropathy ezifana tubocurarine chloride, pancuronium bromide, pipekuroniya bromide.

Siye sahlolisisa ngokweenkcukacha indlela echaphazela leesynapse cholinergic.