Leukopenia: ezibangela, unyango kunye iintlobo zezifo

isifo Hodgkin kaThixo, neutropenia, leukopenia, monocytosis - zonke ezi zifo kunokuba eqhelekileyo sibophelela into enye kuphela - utshintsho zophendlo lwezifo kwinqanaba iiseli ezimhlophe zegazi. Kweli nqaku, siza kuxubusha inketho enye kuphela kuluhlu.

Leukopenia - imeko zophendlo lwezifo esibonakala ngokwenqanaba hematopoiesis kakuhle iiseli ezimhlophe zegazi. Ngelishwa, kwiminyaka yakutshanje ukwanda kwesifo liyenyuka. Kutheni na le nto?

Yintoni leukopenia kubantu abadala?

Le meko ethile lwezidumbu, nto leyo ebonisa ukuba nokuphungulwa igazi iiseli ezimhlophe zegazi count, xa ubungakanani iwela ngaphantsi 3,7H10 ⁹ / l. Le meko kuthiwa ukunciphisa ekuveliseni iiseli ezimhlophe zegazi ngqo umongo wethambo. Oku kunokubangelwa iintlobo ezahlukeneyo ukuphazamiseka kunye nezifo.

umxholo Ukuncipha leukocytes egazini sivame ngaphandle akukho kubola kwi imeko yesigulane. Kwelinye icala, utshintsho sifo kule sifo rhoqo ibandakanya kukuvela zizifo ezahlukahlukeneyo ezosulelayo. Ukukhathala, kuthibaza ngelixa sisenyusa ubushushu, isiyezi - zonke ezi mpawu kuba berhanelwa isifo efana leukopenia. Izinto ezibangela iimpawu ezinjalo bezonyango ukuze uhlale alaziwa ixesha elide. Uxilongo lokugqibela bangakuqinisekisa kuphela uvavanyo lwegazi.

Into ekufuneka uyazile nge iiseli ezimhlophe zegazi?

iiseli ezimhlophe zegazi rhoqo ziveliswa wamathambo, iindawo nkovu kunye udakada. Basoloko ajikeleza kwinkqubo yegazi. Inani lilonke nakubalwa ngokusebenzisa uhlalutyo okhethekileyo.

Ngokuqhelekileyo, inani labo iyahluka ukusuka 4.0 ukuya 8,0H10 ⁹ ilitha igazi nganye. imigangatho ephakamileyo ekuthiwa leukocytosis. Kaninzi ngendlela umzimba uyiphendula komtshiso oko okhoyo. Eyona nto kukuba zonke iiseli ezimhlophe zegazi ukubulala iiseli amazwe.

Ukunciphisa inani iiseli ezimhlophe zegazi kuthiwa leukopenia.

Kuxhomekeka ubukho iiseli phakathi kwabo oogqirha okuziinkozo kubiza iintlobo ezimbini leucocytes:

1. Granulocytes: eosinophils (ukuya kwi-5%), basophils (1%), neutrophils (40-70%).
2. Agranulocytes: lymphocyte (20-45%), monocytes (3-8%).

Simple iziganeko ibonisa ukuba granulocytes akhawunti ukuba ngaphezu kwesiqingatha ubume iyonke, ne-90% yabo - nto neutrophils.

Kungenjalo, zibizwa ngokuba ziiphagocytes. Iingcali ebizwa ukuze kuba luphawulwa nobuchule babo ukutshabalalisa iintsholongwane.

Ngoko ke, umntu kufuneka ukwahlula ephakamileyo ezimhlophe iiseli wegazi kunye nokuphungulwa. Loo yokugqibela ibizwa ngokuba leukopenia.

izizathu

Unyango kwesifo akunakwenzeka nje ugqirha akayi uyazi kakuhle ukuba zeziphi sizathu, nto leyo eyabangela leukopenia. Kungenjalo, uya eyabelwe ukuba unyango ephosakeleyo, yaye esi sifo uyaqhubeka inkqubela.

Izinto ezibangela uphuhliso sifo, iingcali kubiza ezininzi ezahlukeneyo. Noko ke, amaxesha amaninzi oko kukwaphula esebenzayo lomongo wethambo, apho kuyondelelaniswe emsebenzini ngenxa inhibition of neutrophil:

• Ukuphinda sesichengeni ionizing kwemitha (X-reyi isifundo rhoqo kwaye elide, isifo radiation);
• Izifo ezosulelayo (HIV, izifo yokubolisa, usulelo herpetic);
• ukwamkelwa elide amanye amaqela amachiza (antibiotics, arhente nonsteroidal anti-ukudumba, sulfonamides);
• etheni ubuthi Ityhefu nendlu;
• Iqela vitamin imibala kunye nezinto ezithile umkhondo;
• dysplastic nangokujaduka neoplastic le umongo wethambo ngokwayo, ezo kwakhona ukuba isifo leukopenia (wegazi, izilonda kuwenza kunye t. d.).

Ngokutsho kweengcali, ukutshatyalaliswa ngokukhawuleza ebizwa ngokuba granulocytes emsebenzini ngenxa yokuba:

1. iinkqubo komzimba entshabalalo emzimbeni.
2. ukusebenzisa amachiza.
3. Ulibaziseko leukocytes kwi izixhobo phezu yangasemva olugqitha esikhumbeni.

kubonakaliswa clinical

Ngelo isanda yokuphuhlisa sifo zimpawu ecacileyo leukopenia phantse lonke ndingekho. Isigulane unakho ukuvela intloko ebuhlungu, ubuthathaka, ukuba nesiyezi. Ngokuqhelekileyo, la maza akukho bani ingqalelo, kodwa ke umfanekiso lwezonyango ngeli xesha iyaqhubeka ukutshintsha ngokukhawuleza. Ngokuchasene kwimvelaphi ephilayo elibuthathaka kangangokuba usulelo wayo, nto leyo sikhatshwa:

• uqaqanjelwa;
• umkhuhlane;
• Ukugodola;
• ukubetha rapid.

Kaninzi ezitshangubeni isifo zesisu kuvela izilonda njengoko ezininzi kunye erosions, usulelo igazi, iinkqubo ukudumba em- ngomlomo.

Ingqalelo kufuneka ihlawulwe kwaye ikhondo sifo. Zonke iinkqubo ezosulelayo emzimbeni ukuthatha indawo izihlandlo ezininzi nzima. Ngokomzekelo, umntu aphazamiseke encinane nesikhumba kunokukhokelela cellulitis. Amaxesha amaninzi kubonwa emva umonakalo ichemotherapy udakada, isibindi kunye neeseli emathunjini. Naluphi na usuleleko kulo mzekelo, kuba yingozi ubomi yesigulane. Ngenxa kuhlahlelo igazi, njengokuba umthetho, akukho kuphela kufunyanwa leukopenia. Thrombocytopenia, umzekelo, phantse lonke ekugqibeleni ukuvela kwi ingcinezelo imvelaphi yemveliso zegazi.

I eyingozi ngakumbi esi sifo?

leukopenia engapheliyo, ngokutsho oogqirha, okukhokelela ekuhleni okukwazi kunye nokwanda ngaxeshanye kwi uvakalelo izifo ezininzi izigulo umhlaza, leyo ibandakanya ukufa. ezibonisa kakhulu kwesi sifo zezi zilandelayo: agranulocytosis, neutropenia kunye aleukia. Kulo mzekelo, umzimba phantse ngokupheleleyo liyayeka ukuba bavelise iintlobo ezithile leukocytes.

ngezigaba

Lidla ukwehlisa iiseli ezimhlophe zegazi kuphela okwexeshana. Njengoko yaziwa, ebangela abadala leukopenia badla ilala ngokuthatha amayeza athile (lithetha "Biseptolum", "Analgin"). Emva kokuphumelela imiba umonakalo zonke iimpawu shwaka. Apha ngokuyintloko sithetha ngalo leukopenia ekuthiwa-idlule. Kufumaniseke ngexesha uvavanyo rhoqo igazi kwaye alinayo nayiphi na iziphumo zempilo.

iingcali impendulo elide yahlulwe ezi ndidi zilandelayo:

• etsolo (iinyanga ezintathu);
• ezingapheliyo (iinyanga ezingaphezu kwesithathu).

Iimeko ezinjalo zidla kunokubangela rhanelwa agranulocytosis kwaye isoloko ifuna iimviwo eneenkcukacha.

Kwakhona, isifo leukopenia yahlulahlulwe:

• uhlobo lokuqala (kuvela neutrophil ukusuka ukuphazamiseka yokuqaphela);
• uhlobo lesibini (ukubonakala izinto gqiba hemopoiesis yesiqhelo).

Ngokusekelwe iqondo ukuncitshiswa kwenani leukocytes luxilongo unokunikwa iindlela ezintathu:

• enomoya - 1,5x10 ⁹ / l (ukungabikho ngokupheleleyo yeengxaki);
• Medium - 0.5 ukuya 1,0H10 ⁹ / L (kukho ingozi yosulelo);
• Heavy - 0,5H10 ukuya ^ku-9 / l (agranulocytosis kunye obubonakala kakhulu).

Kungenxa ngokuhlelwa yokugqibela kakhulu badla ngokwahlulwa leukopenia. The degree of yophuhliso karhulumente sifo zixhomekeke ngokupheleleyo amathuba wokujoyina usulelo.

ekuxilongweni

Ukuze uqinisekise sifo, ugqirha luchaza ICBC nomonde. Ngokutsho iziphumo nga kugwetywa phambi sifo. Emva koko, njengoko umthetho, otyunjwe kokubonisana yingcali jikelele okanye segazi. Ugqirha wakhe uthi oko leukopenia sisifo, oonobangela karhulumente sifo. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba xa ingcali bazi kakuhle ukuba zeziphi zinto ivule uphuhliso sifo, kusenokubakho ubunzima kunye nenjongo unyango kunye nokusebenza kwayo okwalandela.

Izikhokelo zonyango

Isigulana yokuqala ibekwe egumbini eyahlukileyo. Oogqirha kunye nabanye abasebenzi bezempilo iphathwa compulsorily ngesandla kubola, amabhandeji ukusetyenziswa igozi kunye ngesinxibo imiwundu abawaziyo. Ngelo ukucocwa kanye House ikhutshwa phandle usebenzisa izibulali, izibane esiluhlaza zisetyenziswa.

Indlela yokuphatha leukopenia? Kwimeko nganiso ngobuwena sifo babelwa amachiza zilandelayo: "leucogen", "Batilol", "Pentoxyl". Kwimeko iingxaki yintsholongwane, xa evela umonakalo eluswini, iintsuku zokuqala isincomo antibiotics spectrum ezibanzi (lithetha "Tseporin", "ampicillin", "Gentamycin").

Leukopenia emva chemotherapy iphathwa ngamachiza ezifunyenwe ubunjineli genetic (iziyobisi "Lenograstim", "Sargramostin", "filgrastim").

Kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele ukuba kuya kuthatha ixesha elide ukuze ekugqibeleni kuyilwa le sifo, leukopenia. Ubangelwa sifo, njengoko kuchaziwe apha ngasentla, ngokufuthi zisekelwe ukuswela iivithamini ezithile siphande izinto. Kungenxa yoko le nto ke unyango kufuneka ukuba anikele ingqalelo ekhethekileyo ukutya efanelekileyo.

kwamnceda kakhulu ekukhuleni iiseli ezintsha futhi umthamo iimveliso kuyondelelaniswe izityebi folic kunye ascorbic acid. Ukudla Daily kufuneka mfuneko kuba ziintlobo ngeentlobo zeziqhamo nemifuno, imifuno IiReggaeton amaqunube. Kuyanconywa ukuba adle ipapa eyenziwe werayisi, buckwheat kunye nezinye okuziinkozo.

Njengoko ubona, ekutyeni ayikho angqongqo kakhulu, kodwa kusafuneka ukuba ancame izinto ezithile. Eli qela libandakanya inyama okunamafutha, okumnandi neziselo, ukutya ukuzila.

Kwimeko usulelo abayabelwe unyango eyenziwa ncakasana iziyobisi ngaphandle kokuchaphazela umongo wethambo ngokwayo. Kunyanzelekile ukuba ukusebenzisa iivithamini, immunomodulators, utofelo zegazi kunye leukocyte mass. Kwiingozi ezimasikizi, oogqirha baye babhenela ukususa udakada. ungenelelo Surgical yabelwa ityala singqiniwe indima yalo intshabalalo iiseli ezimhlophe zegazi.

engaba khona

amayeza Modern eyenza iintlobo ezahlukeneyo leukopenia, kwaye oluhlobo kuxhomekeke kakhulu kwi zanegalelo kuyo ekuncipheni elibukhali kwi inani iiseli ezimhlophe zegazi. Noko ke, kungakhathaliseki uhlobo sifo, ngoko nangoko kufuneka athathe amanyathelo onke ayimfuneko ukuze bajongane nayo. Ukuba ixesha asiyi kunikwa unyango, amathuba iingxaki, kwaye iyingozi ubomi yesigulane.

Abaninzi, ndibona uvavanyo lwegazi, andazi into esongela ngokwenene leukopenia. Abaninzi bakholelwa ukuba neziphumo ezibi kungabangela kuphela ezo zifo, ezithe kwavusa ukwehla okukhulu iiseli ezimhlophe zegazi. Enyanisweni, lo mbono engalunganga. Leukopenia iwisa imisebenzi zokhuselo lomzimba. Ukungabikho sifo esemagqabini kudla ngokukhokelela ekubeni ubukho usulelo kakhulu banal kwegciwane umzimba ube imeko kaxakeka. Ngaphezu koko, ne leukopenia phantse kabini ingozi ephezulu ukufumana isifo ithumba. Kwakhona, iziphumo kunokwenzeka karhulumente sifo yaye zibandakanya agranulocytosis aleukia (lomongo wethambo).

Prevention and abane

rhoqo emva umhlaza iphuhlisa leukopenia. Emva kokuba unyango ichemotherapy kunye nokuthintelwa esi sifo kwindawo yokuqala ukuthini ukhetho ngqo kwirejimeni nomthamo. Kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele ukuba kuxhomekeke kuphela kumava oogqirha, kodwa ke umthamo iiyunithi ezikhethekileyo. Kungenxa yoko le nto kangangoko kunokwenzeka iimpembelelo ekujoliswe eyayisetyenziselwa impilo radiation. Izinga lokufa kwimeko leukopenia xa izigulane ezinomhlaza kuba ngaphantsi kwe-30% kuzo zonke iimeko.

ingqalelo ekhethekileyo ihlawulwa indlela ngamnye ubalulekile apha unyango izigulane ezibhedlele. Ekuqeshweni abo okanye ezinye iziyobisi ugqirha kufuneka nakanjani uthathe ingqalelo phambi sokucalulana kwezinye amacandelo, ii-arhente ehambelanayo, izifo ezihamba. Apha indima ekhethekileyo bobabo self-unyango kunye icebiso abahlobo nezalamane. Naluphi na unyango kufuneka kwenziwa kuphela emva kokuba uviwo zokuxilonga kunye kokubonisana yincutshe.

Kweli nqaku, senza uchazwa oluneenkcukacha kangangoko unako malunga nokuthe na leukopenia. Izinto ezibangela le sifo inokuba nomahluko kakhulu, ukusukela yokunqongophala iivithamini ezithile kunye nesiphelo kunye izibhaxu le umongo wethambo. Kuyo nayiphi na imeko, kwanonyango abanobuchule kuphela ukunceda ekulweni esi sifo. Hlala uphilile!