Library - ntoni na? Ziziphi iintlobo iilayibrari zikhona?

Biblion (. Gr) - ncwadi, obuchwepheshe (Gr.) - yokugcina. Library - ntoni na? indawo yokugcina iincwadi, imibhalo-ngqangi, ulwazi kumajelo enkcazelo ukusetyenziswa yabucala okanye yoluntu.

indaba

East wamandulo indawo awazalelwa kuyo amathala eencwadi yokuqala. Kwisixeko yiBhabhiloni Nippur itempile wafumana ingqokelela kumacwecwe odongwe, yomhla we-2500 ngonyaka BC. e. Ingcwaba kufuphi uAmoni wafumana ibhokisi yeengcongolo. Xa sexesha xa kaRamses New Kingdom 20 lamawaka. YiPapyrus. Amacwecwe yokumkani waseAsiriya ingqalelo edume kwithala oriental yamandulo eNineve.

Iziko lokuqokelelwa yamandulo iincwadi kunye ngqangi ingqalelo le Library of Alexandria. Yaba yinxalenye zakhiwo yoqeqesho, kuquka indawo ubuthongo, amagumbi zokufunda, ukufunda, ukutya. Yenziwe ngu nguPtolemy. Wawuhlanganisa amawaka-200. Iikopi lokufunda 700 amaxwebhu amawaka. School. Kutshatyalaliswa ngomlilo BC kunyaka 270. e.

Zonke onalo yamandulo iincwadi zigcinwa kwiitempile. Kwakunye bamaXesha Aphakathi, ithala leencwadi yaba kuphela nezigodlo. Kukho izibhalo ezizodwa angaphantsi owomileyo lwaza imibhalo Fathers enkulu yeCawa. Ikopi simelwe ngqangi kwakhona yamandulo, Latin kunye neetekisi isiGrike, owawa ezandleni lendela. Ixabiso ncwadi phezulu kangangokuba bade ebotshelelwe iindonga kunye ezishelfini, ukuthintela ubusela.

Yazo iye yaphuhliswa kunye fyabo ngayo umatshini wokushicilela, kwaye yaba kwixesha elitsha kwimbali kwamathala eencwadi. Ubukho lolwazi, kwaye iindleko olufanelekileyo ezincwadini zesayensi ziye zaba nempembelelo uphuhliso kwenkcubeko, imfundo kunye nokuziqonda lonke uluntu.

iintlobo

• State.
• KaMasipala.
• Personal.
• Mali.
• Private.
• Training.

Iintlobo zentlalo:

• Undwendwe.
• Baby.
• University.
• Industry: zonyango, zobugcisa, ezolimo.
• Kuba iimfama.
• Youth.
• Academic.

Library National Yintoni le? Ukugcinwa lonke cofa lizwe. Abavakalisi zaseburhumenteni kufunekayo ukuze zinike yokugcina ukuba iikopi ezimbalwa iimveliso zabo. Hayi iincwadi kuphela, kodwa, izaziso, amaphephandaba, iimagazini.

umsebenzi

inkonzo reader kunye neencwadi ukulungiselela ukufunda okanye imfundo. Kukho iintlobo ezimbini yokuxhulumana kunye nabathengi:

1. Kunikezelo edition loshicilelo kwi izandla zakho (ikhaya) kangangexesha elithile.
2. Ukunika ithuba ukufunda incwadi kwigumbi lokufundela.

ezibonakalayo zingathengiswa na kuwonke-wonke, kwaye undwendwe ungakhetha ngaphandle koncedo unolayibrari. Ezinye watshisa izitha egcinwe kwi ncwadi yaye zakhutshwa ngokwesicelo. On the Kwiimeko ezingaqhelekanga kakhulu iincwadi ezonakeleyo okanye equlathe amahlebo karhulumente, kufuneka ufumane imvume ekhethekileyo.

Bookmobile ntoni? Book RV elinguVimba? Kwiindawo ezikude apho luncinane uqwalaselo kwithala leencwadi elikufutshane okanye namnye konke konke, ishiya ibhasi kunye noncwadi ethandwayo. Oku classic kubafundi okanye iinoveli mihla. Kuye umsebenzi ukuthatha ii-odolo ezivela kubafundi.

"Ukuba ngenxa ngesihelegu jikelele Umhlaba uza kuba nakwenza ngandlela yimbi ngaphandle kwamathala eencwadi, ngoko ke umntu ivuke," - wabhala nguDmitry Likhachev.

Library. Zeziphi iintlobo iilayibrari

Amathala eencwadi umahluko ophambili - ngumthamo we-mali (inani leencwadi), injongo, uhlahlo lwabiwo-mali kunye nokubaluleka yesizwe. Kuxhomekeke ngezimali abasebenzi abaqeqeshiweyo, umgangatho yokugcina ukukwazi ukukhonza uluntu ngokupheleleyo. Njengoko kwakunye ezintsha iinkcukacha.

Ukuze abafundi inkonzo kakuhle ngakumbi umsebenzi labobalawuli inkqubo lweelayibrari esetyenziselwa. Eli khadi, ezo iiyunithi ulwazi. Equlethwe umyalelo alfabhethi ababhali kunye isihloko, isishwankathelo kunye ukukhululwa kunyaka le ncwadi.

Okwangoku, kukho iindidi ezimbini nekhabhathi yefayile: ukusetyenziswa manual kunye elektroniki. E-ifayile iphumelela ngakumbi kuye ngokukhawuleza kangangoko ukufumana ulwazi oluyimfuneko, oko ixesha elide kwaye Nongawuthabathiyo isithuba kakhulu kwi computer yakho. Kodwa ilayibrari ngamnye ithuba ukuthenga ngokunxulumene mali encinane izixhobo zekhompyutha.

ilayibrari yabantwana

Yintoni yethala yabantwana? Eli chibi yokugcina siquka iincwadi zokufunda yomncinane, kwakunye noncwadi, kucetyiswa ukuba isikolo kunye ukufunda yezifundo. Yinto a amabali Classic mihla kunye neenoveli abantwana, izilwanyana, iintsomi ukuze uphuhliso banga.

Yintoni na ilayibrari yesikolo yaye kwahluke njani umntwana? Lo mahluko kakhulu ngezimali. Ukuba esezenziwe zabantwana ezi arhente isixeko kwaye ufumane imali kuphuhliso kurhulumente,-mali ilayibrari yesikolo luqokelelane ngenxa nebhajethi yesikolo. Ukongeza kwiincwadi zobugcisa zokufundisa, aqulathe uncwadi methodological kootitshala.

Digital ilayibrari

Yintoni ilayibrari yedijithali? Ngawo la maxwebhu (iincwadi, iimagazini, amaphephandaba) ngendlela yedijithali, leyo zicwangciswe ingqokelela ngocwangco. Lixhotyiswe zokucinga kunye navigation. Oku kunokuba site web eyongeza rhoqo okubhaliweyo zobugcisa yezenzululwazi. Le ngxowa-mali kungabandakanya eendaba, self-olwaneleyo baze ezifunwa abasebenzisi.

Yintoni ilayibrari-intanethi (okanye ngekhompyutha) kunye eziluncedo eziphambili:

• ulwazi eliphezulu ezikhoyo;
• ukulondolozwa kweli lifa kazwelonke;
• ukusebenza eliphezulu ekufundeni, self-isifundo, kunye nomsebenzi.

Iiprojekthi lokuqala amathala digital Wabonakala 90 ekuqaleni. inkxaso kurhulumente kunye mali, phantse namnye. Kodwa elinempumelelo nezaziwayo zixhaswa yi-Russian Foundation for Research Basic kunye Foundation for noLuntu.

Le ukuthandwa kwamathala online liyenyuka yonke imihla, kule mihla websites apho kubandakanya intengiso, exchange, okanye nje enika ulwazi, ngaphezu kwewaka.

ilayibrari lwangoku

Kweli xesha kweteknoloji ekwikhompyutha umsebenzisi mihla kufuneka ngempumelelo ilungiselelo lolwazi. Russian ilayibrari yanamhlanje namhlanje ivela njenge. Nangona imodeli sele ziphuhlisiwe kwinqanaba kummandla ukuphunyezwa nobunzima yayo. Ngokomthetho le mali.

I "ilayibrari imodeli" - ntoni na? Le umfuziselo yokugcina mihla ulwazi ukusetyenziswa luluntu. Standard evunywe kule nkomfa wesithandathu yonyaka Russian Library Association ngoMeyi 2001. Injongo: Ukubonelela umsebenzisi kunye naluphi na ulwazi oluceliweyo. La mava lokuqala evela kwilayibrari ezisemaphandleni kummandla Pskov.

yesondlo: print, ividiyo kunye ezirekhodiweyo, imizobo, iinkqubo. Ukutshintshela ngotyelelo buqu, okanye kwi-intanethi. Iinjongo: ukutshintsha kuba umgangatho ongcono wobomi kubo abahlali ezidolophini nasemaphandleni, uphuhliso, iimfuno ezintsha ababephila ngexesha yengqondo, ukuququzelela lithathelwe nangokuhamba eyanda ebomini, uncedo search umsebenzi okanye ingqesho ezongezelelweyo, ekulweni imigangatho yokuphila ephantsi, ukufumana ulwazi.

Imigaqo indalo kwamathala namhlanje kwenzeka xa:

• abasebenzi creative;
• inkxaso koorhulumente beengingqi;
• ukufumaneka yamaziko kunye nezixhobo;
• iziseko kwezoqoqosho.

Yintoni na ithala leencwadi namhlanje? Le nto inentsingiselo ngokubanzi. Kuqala athobele ngumnqweno kumazwe. Ukuze isebenze kakuhle, umele ukwakha yonke imisebenzi. Nokuhambisa processing ulwazi, ukubonelela ngezibonelelo ukuya ze-elektroniki.

iimfuno ezisisiseko ukuba ilayibrari lwangoku

Iimfuneko ezingundoqo zibandakanya zofikelelo likhulu labantu. Kumgama oyi kweekhilomitha ezili-3 (okanye imizuzu engama-20 abahamba umgama) kufuneka ukuba ube kwithala leencwadi okanye isebe. kufuneka kwakhona ibe umsebenzisi indawo lula, ekuhlanganeni kweendlela yomendo ngeenyawo okanye macala zokumisa izithuthi zikawonke-wonke.

Ithala kufuneka abe nangokwahlukeneyo ukugcinwa kunye waphawula lobushushu lwemozulu (ukufuma) iindlela. Area of ubuncinane 80-110 macala onke. m A iseti epheleleyo yezixhobo. iitafile, izitulo, ezishelfini, izixhobo zobugcisa. ukhuseleko emlilweni - ubuncinane 1 umlilo sokucima kwi square metres 40-50. kumgangatho th, egumbini ngalinye. Kwakunye alarm emlilweni.