Classic - oku ... Okanye nabameli aqaqambe iincwadi Russian zakudala

Amaxesha amaninzi sisiva elithi "wayengekho" okanye "Classic". Kodwa lamakhonkco intsingiselo eli gama?

Classic - lo nto ...

Igama elithi "Classic" liye iintsingiselo ezininzi. izichazi kakhulu olunye kuye omnye wabo - ezi ezakudala: uncwadi, umculo, ubugcisa okanye zokwakha. Kwakhona, eli gama lisetyenziswa ngokunxulumene kwezinye imizekelo ubugcisa, ezifana 'ziyahlonelwa na uhlobo. " Noko ke, amaxesha amaninzi ukhankanye elide njengoko wayebhekisela ixesha elithile kwi uphuhliso lohlobo lobugcisa obo, singalibalanga yokuba phakathi ababhali classical baza kufakwa kudidi kuphela ezinye kakhulu yimpumelelo. Le ncwadi kugqalwa ezaziwa konke kubhaliweyo kule kwiinkulungwane 18-19. Ngenkulungwane yama-20, unika indlela eya modernity zakudala. Ababhali-modernists abaninzi befuna ukumtshabalalisa isithethe predsshestvuyuschey, wazama ukufumana entsha ifomu, umxholo, umxholo. Abanye, Noko ke, wasebenzisa imisebenzi ababengaphambi kwiinjongo zabo. Ngenxa yoko, imisebenzi ngokupheleleyo postmodern of usingiselo kunye reminiscences.

Classic - le into oya kusoloko kuba fashion. Lo ngumzekelo iimilo inqubo yethu, nto leyo ebonisa zonke iimpawu uhlanga elinikiweyo ixesha.

Ziziphi ababhali kubizwa ngokuba ezakudala?

Njengoko kukhankanyiwe ngasentla, xa ezintlwini ezakudala ukufaka umbhali nganye, kodwa kuphela abo umsebenzi kuye kwaba nefuthe elibaluleke kakhulu kuphuhliso inkcubeko Russian. Mhlawumbi abalobi yokuqala abaye washiya uphawu obalulekileyo kwimbali zoncwadi Russian - i Lomonosov kunye Derzhavin.

Mihail Vasilevich Lomonosov

indalo yakhe zoncwadi iwela kwisiqingatha sokuqala ngenkulungwane ye-18. Yena waba nguvulindlela kwiindawo ezifana classicism, ngoko akabalwa phakathi ezakudala indleko yexesha lakhe, akunakwenzeka. Lomonosov wenza igalelo elikhulu, hayi kuphela uncwadi kodwa Ezolimi (kubalaseliswe ngolwimi lweenkobe kukho iindlela ezintathu), kwakunye chemistry, physics nakwimathematika. Okubaluleke kakhulu proivedeniya yakhe. "Morning ukucamngca / Evening kwi yobuKhulu Ungokobuthixo," "ode waya ukulawula ...", "Incoko kunye Anacreon", "iLeta ngenzuzo iglasi" Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba uninzi lwezibhalo zemibongo Lomonosov waba umlinganiswa imitative. Xa umsebenzi wakhe, uMikhail Vasilyevich wawuqondiswa ngu Horace kunye neminye imibhalo yamandulo.

Gavrila Romanovich Derzhavin

Classic iincwadi ngenkulungwane ye-18 imelwe elinye igama - it Gavrila Romanovich Derzhavin. Le proizvdeniya kakhulu ebalulekileyo kulo umbhali: "Ilitye eliSisikhumbuzo", "Felitsa". Ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane ye-19 ukuba lomzobo aqaqambe lwesihobe ngubani kwakho yena uAleksandr kuphela Sergeevich Pushkin.

Kunzima ukuba igama zonke ababhali Iqaqambe ngaphezu kwazo ixesha. ezakudala Russian osisityebi kumagama talantlvye. Le ezakudala kungathathwa Fonvizin, Krylov, Karamzin, Zhukovsky.

Ngenkulungwane ye-19, kuthiwa age yegolide iincwadi Russian, wajika waya lubeka kusekho ngaphezu ezidlulileyo. Yonke le nto yaqala kunye Ixesha ngqondi kakhulu - Aleksandra Sergeevicha Pushkina.

Aleksandr Sergeevich Pushkin

"Ekuguquleni umphefumlo ubuntu" - le layini wakwazi abele kwisihobe umgxeki Pushkin kaThixo VG Belinsky. Pushkin wakwazi ukuguqula ulwimi Russian, wamnika ubulula kunye nokusebenziseka - into ukusilela ababhali ngenkulungwane ye-18. Imibongo yakhe izele ngenceba nenyaniso, kuba eqonda ngothando olukhulu umntu, ebomini, ukuze ihlabathi. Dwelisa imisebenzi ephambili yombhali nje akunakwenzeka, kuba uluhlu inde kakhulu. Mhlawumbi kufuneka ngokuqinisekileyo bonisa inoveli yakhe kwindinyana "Eugene Onegin", ethiywe Belinsky "encyclopedia ubomi Russian." Zonke uthando kuba kwilizwe Wawuyinxalenye kule ncwadi encinane yomsebenzi lyric-amaqhawe, koko, Pushkin, njengaye nabani na, wakwazi ukuba zifake kakuhle eli xesha, kwakunye ukudala uphawu female unique oye bafunyenwe kwaqhubeka kulo lonke uncwadi olulandelayo. Umbutho yokuqala okubangelwa elithi "Classic" - kuba Pushkin.

Mihail Yurevich Lermontov

Lo mbhali ngobulungisa kubizwa ezihlangwini Pushkin. Kodwa ndandifeketha na ngaphantsi nto kunye nokuvuleleka, kwelinye icala imisebenzi yakhe, amazwi Lermontov ngamanye amaxesha mfiliba, ngamanye amaxesha ubundlobongela ngabantu. Lermontov wayesazi kakuhle ubulolo bakhe, kunye nabantu nihlinza. Konke oku kwabangela kumgca kwizibongo nemibongo yakhe. uncwadi Classical - kwaba inoveli yakhe "A uHero Ixesha Wethu". Apha umbhali uye wasebenza njenge wengqondo wokwenene, obonisa enzonzobila, impikiswano. Le noveli inika izithuba elaneleyo reflection, kwaye oko yinto njengenqobo ebalulekile Classic.

UNikolay Vasilevich Gogol

ababhali Classical besiqingatha sesibini kwenkulungwane ye-19, umkhondo imbali yabo kumsebenzi Gogol kaThixo, lo realist yokuqala eRashiya. imisebenzi yakhe bafundiswa izinto ezininzi: ukuthanda ilizwe labo, ngokothando libhekisela kubantu abafuna ukuba neziphene kakhulu ngokwabo kwaye uzame lokuzitshabalalisa ezi ziphumo. Imisebenzi ubalaseleyo womntu umbhali - comedy "uMhloli" kunye umbongo "Imiphefumlo Abafileyo".

Ababhali besiqingatha sesibini senkulungwane 19

Phakathi iimbongi kufuneka bonisa F. I. Tyutcheva kunye A. A. feta. Bathi uphawu zonke kwisihobe Kwisiqingatha sesibini senkulungwane ye-19. Phakathi novelists - njengoko iimilo eqaqambileyo, ezifana I. S. Turgenev, F. M. Dostoevsky, L. N. Tolstoy, A. P. Chehov kunye neminye imisebenzi eli thuba zizele yophando psychological .. Ngalinye kwinoveli olusengqiqweni kusinika ihlabathi engaqhelekanga apho bonke abalinganiswa azotywe ziqaqambile kwaye kubalulekile. Ayikwazi ukufunda iincwadi, yaye akukho nto ukucinga. Classic - ke ubunzulu beengcinga, ngohambo zinhle, ungumzekelo omhle. Enoba modernists izoschralis, besithi kubugcisa kufuneka igcinwe kude yokuziphatha, imisebenzi abalobi Isifundisa loo nto intle ebomini.