Lukhuni - ke ... Oonobangela, iimpawu, iintlobo kunye inkcazelo lukhuni. Iindlela ekulweni nasekunqandeni lukhuni

ingxaki lukhuni kwachaphazela amazwe amaninzi. Lo mkhuba obundlobongela zocalucalulo unembali ende kabuhlungu. Ixesha elidlulileyo lobukoloniyali kumazwe amaninzi igalelo iinkampani kugalelwe apho umntu ibala, ubuzwe, inkolo okanye ubuhlanga ukumisela ubume wakhe ngokusemthethweni. Kodwa nanamhlanje, phakathi ezo zinto exhalabisa ngakumbi, - ukukhula rhoqo izenzo zolwaphulo-mthetho olunxulumene nobundlobongela ngobuhlanga, ngokwenkolo kunye nobandlululo. Ukulwa ebaxiweyo kubaluleke kakhulu. Ngenxa bobuzwe kunye nobuhlanga basemzini badla ukuthenga ngeziganeko isikali ekuhlaleni, kunye uthotho okubulala amatyala yokugula unyango yinkxalabo enkulu ukwandisa ndlongo etshabalalisayo eluntwini. Kulwa lukhuni - omnye wemisebenzi eziphambili naliphi na ilizwe. Esi siqinisekiso yokhuseleko yayo.

Le mbono "lukhuni"

Lo mqondo esihlobene ukuzibaxa izinto. Lukhuni - yinto ukuzibophelela kwi emibonweni zopolitiko kwizikhundla kakhulu kwi iimbono kunye ukukhetha indlela ukuphumeza iinjongo ezithile. Eli binzana eliguqulelwe ngokuthi "eziseludinini", "amanqam", "emangalisayo", "ngokugqithiseleyo". Lukhuni - kungenxa omelana uluntu ezikhoyo, izakhiwo kunye namaziko, ezama ukuphazamisa uzinzo zabo, ukuze kupheliswe ukuze aphumeze iinjongo zabo. Oku kwenziwa ikakhulu esebenzisa amandla. Lukhuni - ukuba nje bokuwubekela eyamkelekileyo imithetho, imimiselo, imithetho, kodwa isenzeko ezibi entlalweni.

Iimpawu lukhuni

ukuzibophelela Ngokuhambelana iimbono ezigqithisileyo kunye neentshukumo kuso nasiphi na isigaba sobomi yoluntu. Lonke ulwaphulo - oko kwakhona ukuziphatha kakhulu kuhlala, uhlobo nokoyika ingxabano zentlalo, ukuya ngaphaya mmiselo, kodwa musa ukubiza i ebaxiweyo ulwaphulo-mthetho wonke. Ngenxa yokuba la magama ezahlukileyo. Phantsi lukhuni kufuneka kuqondwe meko ichazwe ngokucacileyo. Abanye abaphandi bachaza ebaxiweyo njenge-attachment, ukuzinikela amanyathelo ezigqithisileyo kunye neembono (idla kule nkqubo). Bakuphawula abanikaziyo ukuba ebaxiweyo esizibonakalisa kwiinkalo ezahlukeneyo zezinto ezenziwa luluntu: kwezopolitiko, ubudlelwane phakathi yobuhlanga kunye inter-yobuhlanga, Ubomi, kwindawo esingqongileyo, ubugcisa, umculo, iincwadi, njl

Ngubani na lo eziyingozi?

Ingqiqo "ziyingozi" unxulunyaniswa umntu osebenzisa ubundlobongela ukukhusela ngokuchasene nemigangatho eyamkelekileyo ngokubanzi oluntu. Ngamanye amaxesha abize abantu bazama ukunyanzelisa ukuthanda kwabo kuluntu ngenkani, kodwa hayi nje urhulumente okanye uninzi siseko. Kukho enye imboniselo ukuba ebaxiweyo - akukho lula kwaye akusoloko ngoku, nto leyo bunxulunyaniswa into ngobundlobongela. Umzekelo, umhloli IsiNgesi emsebenzini wakhe ithi ukuba umgaqo-nkqubo lokuzabalaza ungasebenzisi zigalo (jikelele) ka-Mahatma Gandhi e-India i ngumzekelo uhlobo olutsha lukhuni. Ngoko ke, lukhuni kunokubonwa njengendlela inkcaso saside kuphela imigaqo yomthetho kodwa izithethe yoluntu - nokumisela imithetho yokuziphatha.

lukhuni ulutsha

Youth lukhuni eRashiya - isenzeko esitsha noko, ngokwahlukileyo kwi-UK, apho livela kwi-imi- 50-60 lwekhulu XX. Oku kugqiba sokonaba zaneleyo yesihloko kule ncwadi yomthetho. Ngenxa wethu, kukho iqela imiba engekasonjululwa enxulumene benze uphando kunye nokuthintela ulwaphulo-mthetho eziyingozi ezenziwa ngabantu abatsha kweli qela. Lukhuni kwindawo ulutsha esoloko ikhula. Oku, umzekelo, iintshukumo ezifana namaqela antifa.

Ulwaphulo-mthetho kunye lukhuni

lukhuni Criminal - akukho mthethweni, isenzo esiyingozi ngokwentlalo umntu okanye iqela labantu, ejoliswe ekufezekiseni iinjongo zayo (iinjongo), isekelwe ebaxiweyo yembono, ezopolitiko nezinye izimvo. Emva kwale ukuqonda, loo mazwi kusengqiqweni ukuba phantse zonke ulwaphulo-mthetho, kwaye kubonisa lukhuni. Ulwaphulo-mthetho ezinxulumene ngokubonakala ngeendlela ezahlukahlukeneyo, asikwazi kuqwalaselwa ngokupheleleyo ngaphandle kokuhlola ebaxiweyo ekuhlaleni njengomba ezingakhiyo kwawo kunye indlela kwamandla karhulumente kunye nolawulo loluntu.

lukhuni Ubuhlanga-ubuzwe

Njengoko kubonakala ukusuka isifundo ezikhona zentlalo, elinye ezivame ukuba lukhuni yesizwe. Ngokuqhelekileyo, oku kubonisa iimbono kakhulu kule ndawo yaye malunga kubambiswano-ukubakho amaqela ezahlukeneyo yaye iintlanga. Enye yeendima yenjongosenzi ezi kuhlasela amaqela nje bohlanga yonke ngeentlobo zazo, kunokuba isizwe, njengoko kudla kuphawuliwe journalistic, zemfundo kunye neminye imithombo. Lukhuni yaziwa eluntwini ukususela kumaxesha amandulo, ekubeni xa igunya phezu kwabanye abantu baqalisa ukuzisa iinzuzo ezibambekayo kunye, ke ngoko, waba phantsi kweemfuno ngabanye. Baye ukuzama ukufezekisa le njongo enqwenelwa nayiphi na indlela. Ngelo xesha linye abazange ukubhidanisa imigaqo yokuziphatha kunye nemiqobo, imithetho eqhelekileyo, izithethe kunye neminqweno nabanye abantu. Injongo usoloko yaye ngamaxesha onke Mathews kwiindlela, kwaye umntu lowo aspired phezulu amandla, akupheli phambi kokuba kusetyenziswe imilinganiselo kakhulu ngokungenalusini abangaphucukanga, kubandakanywa intshabalalo, ubundlobongela evulekileyo, ubunqolobi.

ulwazi zembali

Lukhuni zakho ukususela ukuvela woluntu elilungelelanisiweyo. Xa ngamaxesha ahlukeneyo, wabonakala ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo. Ngokukodwa, eGrisi ebaxiweyo wamandulo zimelwe ngohlobo sokucalulana nezinye izizwe. Umzekelo, kwi imisebenzi zobulumko abaziwayo zamaGrike Aristotle uPlato waphawula ukusetyenziswa kwegama "uBarbara" (barbarus) okanye "bakhona" mayela ziintlanga. Ngale ndlela ke nantlonelo ngabo. AmaRoma wasebenzisa eli gama kuzo zonke iintlanga okanye non-Greek imvelaphi nerimskogo, kodwa ekupheleni uBukhosi baseRoma, igama elithi "ngumbharbhari" baqala ukusebenzisa ngokwemeko ezahlukeneyo zizizwe zaseJamani. Lo mkhuba uye iqatshelwe China yamandulo, xa abamelwane eTshayina zazibonwa izizwe zasendle yaye bomsindo basemzini. Le yokugqibela ubizwa ngokuba "ukutya" ( "UDema" yaye "inja") okanye "ezi zinto" ( "Abantu bakhona ezine").

Ziingcali kwiinkalo isosioloji kileyo iqwalasele ukuba izizathu ebaxiweyo zisekelwe bengqondo yabantu. Zivela ngexesha lokusekwa sokumiswa. Noko ke, lukhuni mihla eRashiya ngenxa yeenkqubo ezininzi zentlalo, ezomthetho, ezopolitiko, unqulo, yolawulo, ezoqoqosho kunye nezinye ezenzeka kwindawo ethile wejografi ngenkulungwane yokugqibela. Uhlalutyo uncwadi mbandela kubonisa ukuba ebaxiweyo kulo naliphi na ilizwe uneempawu zentlalo criminological ezahlukeneyo. Ukongeza, ebaxiweyo, ngokunjalo zonke abanawo, iphawulwa Ukwahluka zembali.

Enyanisweni, onke amayelenqe kunye neemvukelo, nto leyo osisityebi zombini kwimbali basekhaya ihlabathi, baba, ukususela kwinqanaba umbono imithetho ekhoyo ngoko nocwangco loluntu, hayi ukuba omnye, iintlobo njengokuba ezikhethekileyo namaqela olwaphulo-mthetho, nto leyo efuna ukuba ukuphumeza iinjongo zopolitiko. Kodwa kwangaxeshanye ziye neemeko qela ngokuzenzekelayo 'ukungxama kokuvutha nalwazelelelo zokonakaliswa kunye nobundlobongela obujoliswe loo mntu, kwakunye ubukho yonxulumano kunye nomxholo mthetho apho. Uluvo lokuba kule eko swonghasi kwinkulungwane yokugqibela eziququzelelwe (ubuncinane ngengqiqo mihla ilizwi) ukuba uthathe indawo, kunganzima ukuba kuthathwa njengezichanekileyo. Eneneni, izifundo zembali lubonisa ubukho ngesakhiwo branched amaqela zolwaphulo-mthetho, ezinje pre-Revolutionary kunye War Civil Odessa, ocacisa ukuba imisebenzi kula maqela eziyingozi mthetho ukuba umlinganiswa zonke iimpawu kwamandla (kunye irhuluneli kunye nomsebenzi French). Lukhuni nolwaphulo - izenzakalo ezinxulumene. izaphuli kuphela sifuna ukuzuza eziphathekayo okanye igunya, kunye oofunz ukumela iinkolelo zabo zopolitiko, inkolo okanye ubuhlanga, nto leyo nayo akukhethi umnqweno eziphathekayo.

Ulwaphulo eSoviet Union njengoko eliphuma iintshukumo ziyingozi eRashiya

Ngexesha eko zenkulungwane lokugqibela, ngexesha ukuphunyezwa yenkokheli eSoviet Union, ebizwa ngokuba yi-nkqubo Economic Entsha (nep) balungiselela amaqela ulwaphulo-mthetho wasebenza kakhulu kwinkalo yezoqoqosho. Gquma imisebenzi yayo yenziwa phantsi owazenza pseudo-amanyeneyo kunye nezinye izakhiwo ezifana zoqoqosho. ulwaphulo-mthetho Ordinary wambuyisela impembelelo yayo kuphela emva kokuba amanyathelo ngqwabalala esithathwe ngabasemagunyeni ukuba ukupheliswa ngasentla zophango kunye nokubulawa.

Zokucuthwa lokulungisa umnotho ngasekupheleni-20 yaye ngexesha imi- 30-kwinkulungwane yokugqibela phantsi ukubalasela entsha eziqhelekileyo lolwaphulo-mthetho oluqulunqiweyo. Eli xesha luphawulwa kokuvela ekuhlaleni mthetho "amasela mthetho", kwaye inzululwazi nobuntatheli baveze uqikelelo ezahlukeneyo malunga lasungulwa - yi zisenzeka ekuyilweni ngabom amalungu zokhuseleko karhulumente Wavalelwa ukwenzela ukuqinisekisa nokulingana unxulumano amabanjwa ezopolitiko kunye nolawulo kunokwenzeka . Ngexesha Second World War kunye kule minyaka yasemva kwemfazwe kwakukho Usenokuzingomb yesibini nobugebenga obucwangcisiweyo ngohlobo banditry. Kwizifundo zenzululwazi, nto leyo ebonisa ukuba ulwaphulo-mthetho oluqulunqiweyo ayisiso isenzeko esitsha umphakathi, ngokwembonakalo yayo kwi 50 ... Ukuphelisa le imigulukudu ababandakanyekayo iiyunithi zomkhosi, kwiiyunithi zemfundo eneemfuno ezizodwa-anti emigulukudu zasekwa kwimicimbi yangaphakathi esebenze de 50 yoo ', xa inqanaba banditry ngenxa amanyathelo angqongqo eyamkelwe ngabasemagunyeni iye yehla kakhulu, kwaye iiyunithi sele ziphelisiwe ngempumelelo.

Kungekudala kwakukho izikhalazo malunga ekutshabalaleni ulwaphulo-mthetho phantsi socialism kunye nokuphelisa mthetho zobungcali banditry kwi-USSR. postulates zakutshanje ku lawula wamacala amaxesha Soviet, eneneni bafihla a latentizatsiyu yokwenene ngcembe ulwaphulo-mthetho phantsi kolwalathiso eziqhelekileyo, nxamnye imvelaphi ukuvela yobunzima lobudlelwane kwezoqoqosho lolwaphulo-mthetho oluqulunqiweyo okanye yezoqoqosho, njengoko ixesha elide ekuthiwa izazinzulu, "kwezoqoqosho nanceba" yokuqhelaniswa nezifundo.

iintshukumo yoLutsha eUnited States eSoviet Union

Kule minyaka ingama-60 zenkulungwane yamashumi amabini. kwi US, umbutho omtsha ulutsha leyo zinxulumene kakhulu kumaqela zomculo. Lukhuni kwindawo ulutsha oko kuphuma ukususela ngelo xesha. Amalungu intshukumo omtsha yaziwa ngokuba amahippie okanye "intyatyambo abantwana." In 70 kweye-- 80 ubudala zesiganeko efanayo lwenzeka kwi USSR. Amahippie kwi US kwaba kakhulu amandla iphila kumzabalazo wokulwa reactionaries kunye babebambelele. Ngokungafaniyo "flower children" waseMelika ngonyawo, balwa imfazwe esenzeka eVietnam, le amahippie Soviet ekulweni inkqubo yengcinezelo wamaKomanisi. Ngokwahlukileyo kwinkqubo amandla zolutsha eSoviet wadala zabo. Ukususela kwiminyaka yee-70s ingenelisi intshukumo eUnited States ukho ukuhla.

movement yoLutsha kwi USSR, enyanisweni, yaba ongukhokho wazo zonke ezilandelayo iindlela ulutsha, kuquka eziyingozi.

ocalu-eSoviet

Kubuya nobugebenga obucwangcisiweyo eziyingozi kubekho kuloo mmandla elalisakuba yiSoviet Union sele kwinkulungwane yamashumi amabini emva kwexesha. ngenxa kuphazamiseka ezithile zentlalo kunye zinguquko zentlalo. Oku negalelo kakhulu ukuba izinto ezifana nokufikelela ukuthanda kukho inani elikhulu lamabanjwa, ukutshatyalaliswa ngesakhiwo yamapolisa endala, ubungakanani ezincinane low ubuchule nobungcali entsha, ekuweni kwisigaba kwezoqoqosho, ukwehla kwe amaxabiso esekwe kakuhle zentlalo, nokudideka uluntu. Emsebenzini kunye banditry itshayelwe uluntu. Ngelo xesha saqalisa ukuba kuvela iintshukumo ezahlukeneyo zolutsha: i anarchists, intsimbi, rap, njl Umfelandawonye kazwelonke subjects iintyatyambo kabini yatyatyamba ebaxiweyo yonqulo nezopolitiko. Kwemfazwe Chechnya na ngakumbi mandundu le meko. lukhuni zonqulo-ezopolitiko aye aba eninzi amaqembu Islamist. Njengoko yokusabela kule abantu baqalisa ukuya kuvela iintshukumo ezahlukeneyo eziyingozi wesizwe ukweyisela Slavic: namaqela athile, NBP, bezwe, njl Ukuze konke oku, ukongeza, ugalelwe ilungu kunye romance entolongweni. Emva kwexesha elithile ekuhlaleni iqala kuzuze amandla ekulweni ebaxiweyo zwilakhe. Kukho intshukumo "Antifa". Kwakhona, kukho iinguqu kwimibutho fan, iiklabhu football kumaqela "ultra". Emibonweni ngemigaqo intshukumo athathwa kwi UK (kwakunye abalandeli phantse zonke iiklabhu football emhlabeni). Ekubeni ukwandiswa wesihlangu yee-90 ka-yezentlalo baqalisa ukuba bathathe umlinganiswa nobuganga obukwanjalo. Amaqela ulwaphulo-Organised singene ithuba ekhawulezayo yobhekiso phambili. izixhobo zobugcisa kunye nezixhobo, ukumiselwa operatives ubudlelwane bezizwe ngezizwe kunye OPG wenza amapolisa okunene nokhuphiswano kunye nabo. Izinto ezibangela ebaxiweyo kunye banditry 90 zinxulunyaniswa ukungazinzi yezentlalo nezoqoqosho, ezopolitiko kunye nomkhosi. Enjalo elikhulu-scale ngokubonakala ebaxiweyo kunye banditry kweli lizwe kuye lanyanzela izixhobo kurhulumente ukuba athathe amanyathelo.

iminyaka emibini senkulungwane

Ekhulwini xxi. imeko iyatshintsha ekuqaleni intlekele ekuyo i-iingcamango. Iifom endala ezopolitiko ezizinzululwazi baphulukana intsingiselo yalo. Okokuqala, oko kuthetha ngokutsha zabo, uphuhliso kwinguqu esa ifom entsha. Abasemagunyeni ayiphumelelanga yokunqanda nobudlova bemigewu ezikolweni, waqala ukuthatha amanyathelo othintelo lukhuni, ingakumbi iintshukumo Islamic. Kule minyaka ilishumi entsha ngesibindi Wasondela namaqela athile, kubachasi babo - "Antifa" bezwe. Ukuhanjiswa "ultras" lithe lanomfutho okukhulu. Kulwa lukhuni phezu inxalenye karhulumente ukhathazeke kakhulu kunye nemibutho Islamic abagrogrisi kunye nobundlobongela obulungelelanisiweyo. Oku kuyaqondakala, kuba zingumqondiso ingozi enkulu. Ngoko ke, uthintelo ebaxiweyo ochaphazelekayo kancinane iintshukumo zolutsha Slavic. Ngelo xesha, le ntlekele ye kwezopolitiko ideology ekhokelela kuseko kweentshukumo loqhankqalazo. Senza iintlobo zezakhiwo inkcaso, oko kukuthi, i-iqaqobana esebenzayo, injongo kukutsala ingqalelo koluntu izimvo ezithile kunye neengxaki zentlalo. Apha, indima ephambili edlalwa yi koqhankqalazo, ukuphikisa-ideology. Ukuphendula lo, kukho imibutho pro-government. Kukho kwakhona lukhuni yabathengi.

iintsingiselo zehlabathi

Kwilizwe ngoqhankqalazo olukhulu ejoliswe ukutshintsha lokuqonda koluntu. Ngoko ke kukho iintlobo ezintathu ezingundoqo iintshukumo ezifana: anti-globalists, neoanarhisty kunye kwemvelo. Anti-globalists - intshukumo obuzimele yokulwela inkululeko yesizwe kunye nolondolozo ubunjalo uhlanga. ubabalo Neoanarhisty yokumelana izixhobo karhulumente esembindini ukusuka ezantsi ukuya phezulu, nokuvelela uluntu phezu karhulumente. Kwezenkolo, njengoko wamazwe IsiNgesi iingcamango zezopolitiko John Shvartsmantel, - intshukumo ejolise ekusombululeni enye ngxaki - ukusinda. It ijolise ukufundisa nokugxeka anthropocentrism, safumana elona nqanaba liphezulu uphuhliso eluntwini mveliso apho umntu izazi njengoko ubalaseleyo kubo indalo. Ezi iintshukumo enze ngeendlela ezimbini: njengoko ikamva superideologiya okanye intshukumo elimxinwa-kokusingqongileyo. Ukulwa ebaxiweyo kuthatha ixesha elininzi neenzame kuzo zonke ii-arhente zobungqondi lwehlabathi kunye nokunyanzeliswa komthetho.

Types of zeentshukumo ziyingozi

Ukwahlula phakathi ziyingozi koluntu kunye nonxulumano mthetho siphazamise umntu kunye namalungelo abemi, kufuneka ibe phezu zizathu zilandelayo.

1) eyingozi intshukumo wadala ukulungiselela injongo ulwaphulo-mthetho, kwaye kuphuhlisa isicwangciso kunye / okanye iimeko ukubulawa kwabo.

Injongo lombutho mthetho ngokwayo izenzo zobundlobongela abemi, ebangela umonakalo kwimpilo yabo, lo mnqweno ukwala ukuba azalisekise imisebenzi yawo yoluntu okanye ukwenza ezinye izinto ezingekho mthethweni.

2) eyingozi eluntwini wadala ukwenza izenzo zolwaphulo-mthetho ezincinane okanye ukumodareyitha.

Ukudibanisa imisebenzi yolwaphulo-mthetho ezinxulumene namatyala zonke severities.

3) Le iintshukumo eziyingozi wadala ngenjongo elungiselela ukwenza izenzo zolwaphulo-mthetho zohlobo eziyingozi ngokusekelwe intiyo yobuhlanga, yezopolitiko, yezenkolo okanye yesizwe.

kufuneka Ubukho kwezi mibala, iimpawu noshowo uluntu ziyingozi. Kuphela umbutho lolwaphulo kuyilwa ngenxa yezizathu ezahlukeneyo, izinto ezo ezibalulekileyo.

iziphumo

Ngoko ke, UPawulos, sinokugqiba ukuba ebaxiweyo mihla - enye nesenzeko kakhulu yingozi. Oku kuchaphazela kuphela ingqiqo yobulungisa, kodwa jikelele kwindlela yokucinga nobomi. Kuba iinguqulelo ezininzi ezidingekayo wenziwe namhlanje phantse onke amacandelo karhulumente, isisongelo enzima lukhuni oma eya empumelelweni. Ngoko ke, naluphi na uphando kule ndawo ayikho ukuba ezinye, njengokuba nje iinzame ukuvavanya imeko nokuqonda lo mhlola, yaye kwelinye icala - uphuhliso amanyathelo asebenzayo Nokwethisa ezibonisa ingozi flow ezimbi. Ukuthintela lukhuni zonke kwezabo (kubandakanywa i-pro-government) ngundoqo kwimpumelelo ekuphuhliseni naluphi na uluntu. Naluphi na intshukumo yale hlobo ziqala ukuba abantu baqhankqalaze. Xa kuluntu kunyusa kakhulu ubunzima labavoti loqhankqalazo, emoyeni lowo iqina kulo. Ukuvela Imibutho eziyingozi - oku ke isigaba esilandelayo. Enyanisweni, isivingco isebenza eluntwini. Oko kukuthi, ngale ndlela imeko kuyinto reset. Noko ke, kukho isinyuko ethile, nto leyo ilandelwa yi dubulo lwentlalo. Ukulwa ebaxiweyo akufunekanga uxhomekeke kuphela amandla. Batyekele ukunika isiphumo yethutyana nje kuphela.