Lungisa izitena Ndibeka ebusika: iteknoloji ekufuneka ilandelwe

Ngamanye amaxesha, ukwakhiwa ekhaya lilibaziseka ngenyanga ukuze ukufika ezibandayo. Okanye xa ufuna ukwakha isakhiwo khona ngoku, kunokuba alinde de ehlotyeni. Kodwa isamente kubushushu zero liyayeka ukuba lukhuni ngokunjalo kwenziwe isitena ebusika kumaqondo obushushu sub-zero?

Kutheni na le iqina isisombululo

Xa imozulu imozulu yengqele, oku ungaphinda ukucola lukhuni isisombululo. Xa lobushushu lihla kunothi, inkqubo ngokubanzi ime. Lo mxube yonke uba ahlulwe intlabathi, isamente okanye ezinye yokuhlanganisa. A udonga lokwahlula phakathi kwabo - ukuba amanzi abe ngumkhenkce. Le yokusabela kukhokelela kukuba le isamente akukho plasticity, ngenxa apho seams tye zona aziyi kufakwa ngokupheleleyo.

Le samente ezingagrogrisa thawing

Xa imini thawing kwenzeka phantsi amanyathelo kwelanga, iindonga uqale akhathazeke kuba umkhenkce iguqulelwa kwakhona emanzini. Eyona nto imbi kakhulu kukuba le ukwakha ubusika unika shrinkage olungalinganiyo. Ngenxa yoko, uyilo aphulukane uzinzo kunye namandla.

Kwiimeko ezinjalo, xa iklatshi bubambene, ngoko zinyibilikisiwe, kufuneka uthathe iintsuku 28 ukuba uthathe yonke into. Emva koko, isisombululo uba isiqingatha strong kuphela, wathi ngumvelisi yobulukhuni yayo. Kwaye kunjalo, ukuba usenalo ithuba lokuba Sukugcina, kodwa hayi xa ubusuku nemini abandayo. Ngenxa yezi zizathu, oko yasungulwa izisombululo ukuba unako, yaye amaqondo aphantsi ukulondoloza inqaba wamatye, wathi ngumvelisi.

Indlela zasebusika amaziko

Ukuba ubusika ukwakha babomelele, kukho iindlela ezininzi ukwenza oku:

• Kongezelelwa isisombululo inamacandelo nokubanda;
• zokufudumeza electric;
• ukudala Tepljakov.

abakhi Professional basebenzisa izitena wamatye ebusika, nangona kunjalo, kufuneka icwangciswe kule projekthi ekuqaleni. Ke konke ibalwe ngokucokisekileyo, inkqubo ukuze kulawulwe yaye wenza nemiphumo emihle kunokwenzeka. Izitena ilele phezu kwesi isisombululo shushu. Kodwa akazange abe ixesha ngumkhenkce, yena babawa amandla. Emva koko, yonke into engumkhenkce kunye thawing, lukhuni kwakhona, njalo-njalo. Ezi nkqubo kwaye silindele ukuba ukuqikelela eziphumo zokuphela konyaka.

Iindidi imixube asetyenziswa ebusika

Technology isitena ebusika inika isisombululo:

• isamente;
• lime nesamente;
• ngodongwe-isamente;
• isisombululo lwalusetyenziswa, apho isiseko - lime ngokukhawuleza.

Ngokusekelwe iimeko zemozulu, isisombululo umiselwa brand. Ukuba ngaba uthathe ingqalelo ubushushu imozulu, umxube sithathwa, leyo imiyalelo ezimbini sezingeni eliphezulu kunalowo yenzelwe ukusetyenziswa ehlotyeni.

Iqondo lobushushu kunye nokukhethwa mxube

Ukuba ngaphandle kunye kancinane ngezantsi -3 sebenzisa umxube endala. Xa amaqondo obushushu -4 ukuya 20 ° C, ngoko ke uphawu inyuswe ngamanqaku amabini. Umzekelo, ngokubuyisela №10 ngomhla №25. Ukuba kuyabanda awomeleleyo ngakumbi, ngoko ukunyusa ngomnye iinotshi ezimbini.

Ukuze ukwakha iye yaba nempumelelo kakhulu ebusika, neengcibi akhulule isisombululo ashushu usebenzisa izingxobo ezikhethekileyo. Ukuba uyakwazi ukugcina obushushu ofunekayo isicombululo.

Ukuba yezisombululo emkhenkceni

Ukuba umoya phandle, kuyimfuneko ukuba othe umxube degrees isihlanu seetalente. Xa eyahamba babe kwimizuzu engama-25 de isisombululo ayikho emkhenkceni. Noko ke, ukuba, ukuba kuvela khona ngumkhenkce, nayiphi na imeko, awukwazi ukongeza manzi abilayo. Oku kuya kudala pores, apho, koko ke, amanzi, nto kakhulu zimbi umgangatho wamatye. Kuyimfuneko ukuba nibuyise umxube ekhenkcezisiweyo ukushushubeza, nangenxa yomsebenzi ukuthatha yafudumala. Ukunenzela lula, anenani elifunekayo isisombululo aphumayo besikhongozeli xa igqunyiwe, nokuzoba kuyo, ukwenza umsebenzi. Kuphela le mithetho, uya kuba izitena wamatye wasekunene ngexesha abandayo.

Features amaziko Winter

Ingakumbi amaziko ebusika ukuba kuyimfuneko ukwenza yonke into ngokukhawuleza kakhulu, ukubekwa sisombululo ebhedini le kwangoko kufuneka aliselele izitena, ngoko iqhubeka yonke manqaku. Izinga lokukhula donga into ebaluleke kakhulu, ngenxa yokuba uyilo irobust ezongeziweyo kufuneka ukuba noxinzelelo amacandelo aphezulu emazantsi. Nje ngoko ke basibamba zixinaniswe amalungu engumkhenkce kweso sikhundla, uya iindonga uzinzo kuyimfuneko.

Ngaphandle kwento yokuba wamatye oluqhutywa ebusika, kufuneka ibe banzi ngaphezu zehlobo ububanzi amalungu. Ukuba umthamo umxube beentanda wedatha, oko kunokukhokelela shrinkage kakhulu emva thawing. Oku ayinqweneleki kakhulu kwaye nokuba kukhokelela ekuweni. Ngoko ke kufuneka bathobele loo mithetho kunye ukwakha ebusika. Nokuba ngexesha lekhefu kufuneka yokuzunguleza isakhiwo kwephepha nophahla, ilaphu, polyethylene, ngokubanzi, ukuba shushu elide kangangoko kunokwenzeka. Emva kokuba isisombululo ngexesha Ukuqinisa kwaye ikwanika ubushushu yayo, ayikho kangako, kodwa kuya kunceda ekuqiniseni. Ufuna kwakhona ukuqiniseka ukuba zonke seams bahlutha, yaye akukho imigodi. Ngapha koko, ukuba kunokukhokelela shrinkage obungalinganiyo, kukucheba okanye kumnika phantsi isakhiwo yonke.

Iindonga, imigangatho kunye nemiqadi

Xa sakhiwe neendonga okanye iintsika, kuyimfuneko ukuba benze wamatye kwesakhiwo, njengokuba umda, omhlophe ingafana, nto leyo ludaka. ukuphakama zokwakha kwiimeko ezinjalo akufunekanga ibe ngaphezulu kwe-4 m. Xa wamatye okunene sewulungile wona, ngoko nangoko kulo kufuneka ukuphakamisa kwipleyiti-zidlulela. Zonke ngemiqadi kwezixhaso phezu kweendonga, kufuneka ukudibanisa kunye iiankile yesinyithi. Ngenxa yoko, isakhiwo yonke ukwazi ukumelana ubunzima iipleyiti, ndingungelwe phezulu. Runs ukulungisa torsions, okanye ukuba zenziwe ngomthi, esebenzisa kwamagqabi. Kuphela ukwakha echanekileyo kunye nokudityaniswa ofanelekileyo uya kuba nemiphumo emihle.

Isiseko sokwanda isiseko, ukukhusela yonke ngumkhenkce, ngexesha leklasi nasemva kwexesha emsebenzini. Oku kukuqinisekisa ukuba isiseko phezu thawing akukho sele uqalile ukutshona ngokukhawuleza, ngokwenjenjalo azithobe i deformations clutch, nto leyo enokukhokelela ukuyisonga. Ebusika, neziseko zibekwe iphepha tar, izinto nophahla, okanye polyethylene ngqo ebhedini eziphathekayo endaweni ephantsi. Bona zibekwe ngeengcamba ezintathu lunokwenzeka kwaye okona kubaluleke kakhulu, ukuba sesichengeni iqabaka.

shrinkage elawulwa

Ukwenza ingqokelela nobusika of iibhulorho ufakelo lwesamente, kwaye ukuba akukho kwindoda ngaphezulu kwe-1.5 m, kunokwenzeka ukuba ukusebenzisa eziqhelekileyo injini umakad formwork. Sisenzo imihla. Njengoko imithetho zinika formwork isitena wamatye obuvelisa nezinye izinto ezithi zixhonywe noxolelwano, kwaye xa nobudlelwane iqala, ukuba buthathaka. Evumela yonke ukwakhiwa ngokulinganayo ngobuso phantsi. Zonke ntsimbi zilapha phezulu kunye Jumpers zicwangciswa iindawo esembindini beendonga, asinakukwazi ukuba ukufuduka kwabo. Emva konke zinyibilikisiwe, kunye Oxhumayo isusiwe formwork kuphela emva kweentsuku 15.

amaziko Winter luphawulwa kukuba ephakamileyo ye window kunye ucango imingxunyana, ukuba babeka xa ngaphandle izitena kufuneka 5 mm ngaphezu xa umsebenzi ofanayo ehlotyeni. Kuyo nayiphi na imeko, isisombululo ixubene kuphela amanzi shushu.

ezivuzayo ukufudumala usebenzisa umbane

Kusekho iteknoloji lwezitena wamatye ne ukufudumeza. Ukulungiselela le njongo, amalungu tye kuyimfuneko ukubeka ucingo. balo babulingana nesandla ingaba 0.3-6 mm, kwaye kufuneka kusala iziphelo elide ngokwaneleyo ukuze bakwazi ukwenza lula ukudibanisa ku umbane. Iiplastiki kopi. Xa elungiselela ngcingo kufuneka baqinisekise ukuba isisombululo wayengekho ingabalwa, ngokuba zokufudumeza kule meko bekuya kuba ziyacotha kwaye babe angasebenzi.

Kwi ngokushushubeza umxube ngokwayo iya-25% kuphela amandla eseleyo ilahleka ukuzifudumeza emoyeni ajikelezileyo izitena. Ngoko kuyimfuneko ukuba ukhethe ngononophelo isixhobo ezinako stably ukunika isixa olufunwayo umbane. amaziko anjalo izitena, umzobo yayo thaca apha, kakhulu zobuchwepheshe kakhulu mihla ngaphezu kwesinye apho kufuneka ukwakha Tepljakov.

Indlela khemikhali

Kukho kwakhona indlela yokuthintela ebandayo isisombululo, ukusebenzisa imichiza. ke zona zongezelelela yesisombululo, kwaye ukunciphisa ubushushu apho umxube yavalwa kuyo. Phakathi kwezi zinto ezona ndlela zisebenzayo yezibninzi ezisetyenziswayo zezi: sodium chloride, calcium nayitrayithi, calcium nayitrayithi, kunye urea kunye potassium carbonate.

Nangona kunjalo, le ndlela yokudala wamatye abe nokubi ebalulekileyo, iingcali abaninzi bathi ukuba usebenzisa yona ukwakhiwa izindlu zokuhlala ayikwazi ukuba. Ngapha koko, abantu baya kuhlala apho, sebenzisa iikhemikhali ngqiqweni: zinokuba ziyityhefu kwaye kuchaphazela impilo elizayo zabahlali.

Kubalulekile ukuba ukhumbule, ngokusebenzisa le ndlela, asinakukwazi kakhulu ukuba aphazamise kwezi ongeziweyo, njengoko sisombululo kuvunywa kakhulu ngokukhawuleza kunokuba kulindelwe. Hle ngokwanele 1-3% ye ubunzima iyonke mxube. Funda iinkcukacha ngakumbi, ngokukodwa malini iindleko ukongeza kubo, ungakwazi empirically kuphela.

Apha sihlolisise oko eziteneni ngokubekwa, njengokuba kubhaliwe uphunyezwe ngokufanelekileyo ngexesha ebandayo, kunye nezinto ezinokuthi kufuneka. Njengoko ubona, nkqu kwimeko ebonakala ithemba, kukho izisombululo eziliqela. Bona, ke, kufuna nkqubo kunye namava ukuqonda kakuhle ngayo izinto baziphathe.