Lwegazi Kubalulekile: Iimpawu, Ubangela, diagnosis, Treatment

Kubalulekile lwegazi uhlobo ngezifo esinganyangekiyo. utshintsho Morphological ngasemva kwesi sifo yahlukile, konke oko kuxhomekeke kuhlobo imvelaphi yayo. Okulandelayo, cinga ukuba lwegazi Essential imele zonke izidanga sandla.

Overview

Ngumqondiso ophambili kwezonyango sifo luthathwa ukunyuka ziqhubeke zalathisi uxinzelelo. Uxilongo isekelwe phezu ngaphandle zonke ezinye iintlobo esi sifo. lwegazi Kubalulekile Iqinisekile ukususela ekudalweni wokuhla in sezintso umsebenzi nokudakumba. Okokuqala utshintsho morphological yandisa ezityeni ngentliziyo negazi.

okufana yamihla le

Xa urhulumente esempilweni, ingcinezelo eveliswe yi ukwehla ventricle ekhohlo. Kulo mzekelo umthombo wegazi betekisi kulo aorta, uze emva koko aye kungena imithambo ezincinane. inqanaba xi imiswe ngokungqinelana ne umthamo wegazi nasezimpahleni, iqondo uxinzeleko beendonga umthambo. Ixabiso naye isandi arteriolar (zincinane lamajelo). Lwegazi kukunyuka izitya esimbaxa wesangqa enkulu yengcinezelo hydrostatic. Ngokwesiqhelo, izalathisi inokwahluka ngokwemeko lomntu. Ngoko ke, ebudeni bubuthongo ukuba ehlile, lo gama uxinzelelo ngokwasengqondweni-ngokweemvakalelo okanye ngokwasemzimbeni bandile. Noko ke, njengoko umthetho, xi ubuyela eqhelekileyo - ukusuka 100/60 ukuya 140/90. Ukuba manani ezinikwe apha ngentla, ngoko qiniseka lwegazi. Izizathu apho esemqoka umfutho wegazi, ezahlukeneyo.

ubungozi

lwegazi Essential kuthathwa ukuba hlobo luqhelekileyo lwegazi, kodwa yona ingqumbo ukutyhila akusoloko kusenzeka. Nangona kunjalo, xa izigulane ngezifo, wafumana ulwalamano ezithile iimpawu. Umzekelo, hypertension Kubalulekile kwenzeka kuphela kuloo maqela apho inqanaba ukusetyenziswa ityuwa idlula 5.8 g / ngosuku. Iingcali qaphela ukuba lo ngokwenene inani ngokugqithiseleyo kusenokuba kukho umngcipheko ebalulekileyo inkalo. Ingakumbi sinotyekelo ukuphuhlisa lwegazi, abantu abadala, abo insufficiency kwezintso, ukutyeba. Kukho kwakhona into yemfuza.

iswekile osegazini

Kwindawo yokuqala lokufunyaniswa imbali yezonyango kubalulekile. lwegazi Kubalulekile unxulunyaniswa seswekile. Le injeke iqulethe nemisele leeseli Langerhans. Ke wavelisa insulin hormone. It iqwalasela yoxinaniso glucose, ikhuthaza ukutshintshwa kwayo isakhiwo. Kunye nale, kwaye insulin na isenzo vasodilating. Ngokwesiqhelo ekhuthazayo hormone ikwazi ebambeleyo ekhankanyiweyo umsebenzi novelwano. Kule uxinzelelo igazi ayikatshintshi. Kodwa kwiimeko kakhulu, umzekelo, isifo seswekile sinwenwa, umsebenzi oluvuselela onovelwano nokuba singameyisa phezu isiphumo vasodilating.

Le factor zofuzo

Iingcali bekubona enye isitshixo kuphuhliso ngezifo. Noko ke, zofuzo ezibangela ukwenzela iziganeko lwegazi, azafunyanwa. Namhlanje, abaphandi abasebenza kwi sifundo yeemeko ezichaphazela inkqubo renin-angiotensin. It inxaxheba kule Yindibanisela iikhompawundi linengxubevange esebenzayo - renin - igalelo ubunzima obungakumbi. Le nkqubo ibekwe nezintso. lwegazi ebalulekileyo malunga ne-30% amatyala oku kubangelwa ufuzo. Umzekelo, izehlo iphezulu e-Afrika American ngaphezu yaseYurophu okanye Asia. Ukongeza, basemngciphekweni kakhulu kuphuhliso ezimbi abazali abo omnye okanye bobabini ubunzima wegazi. Kwiimeko ezinqabe kakhulu, Kubalulekile hypertension i ngenxa yesifo yemfuza ukusuka adrenal.

zokugula olujikeleza

Izigulane ezininzi nge lwegazi babe ukumelana eliphezulu (ukuncipha luthambe) of arterioles. Ezi iimpahla zidluliselwa kwi emithanjeni. Xa luthambe ilahleko iqalisa umfutho. Isizathu sokuba ukunyhashwa enjalo arterioles akucaci ngokupheleleyo. Kodwa ndafumanisa ukuba ukwehla nemithambo luthambe uphawu abantu lwegazi okubangelwa ufuzo, ukwaluphala, ngokugqithiseleyo ukutya ityuwa, ungenzi emzimbeni. A indima ngezifo kwaye bobabo iinkqubo arhabaxa. Kule nkalo, efumanise C-izidubuli iiprothini ngegazi compound abe into prognostic.

ukutyeba

Le yenye into ebalulekileyo ukwenzela iziganeko wegazi kubalulekile. Xa amavila amathuba sifo ngasentla 5 amaxesha. Ngokomzekelo, eUnited States abantu ababini kwabathathu kuzo zonke iimeko nomfutho ezinxulumene ne ukutyeba. Ngaphezu kwama-85% ezigulane kunye index mass nomzimba mkhulu kuno-25.

sodium

Le ephindeneyo kwakhona kubalulekile kuphuhliso lwegazi. Phantse isinye kwisithathu zonke iimeko lwegazi, inxulunyaniswa inani ngokugqithisileyo sodium. phambili kwesifo isekelwe ubuchule compound ukuba ukugcina amanzi. Xa uxinzelelo agqithisileyo yaligqiba umxholo kwi egazini yamanzi.

renin

Isiphumo sale ezimbaxa eziphilayo esebenzayo lu dityanisiwe ukwanda ilizwi nemithambo. Oku kubangela ukwanda koxinzelelo. Lwegazi esinxulunyaniswa nayo omabini amanqanaba asezantsi aphezulu renin. Ngokomzekelo, umxholo compound kwanciphisa ukusebenza uphawu abantu abamnyama. Kulo mba, uthomalaliso ngempumelelo ngakumbi zijongwa womchamo.

ezinye izinto

Kuye kwafunyaniswa ukuba uphuhliso lwegazi lichatshazelwe kakhulu ngokuthi yayirhona. Ngokufanelekileyo ukunisa okuqhelekileyo ebalulekileyo inkalo ingqalelo ubudala. Kule minyaka eludongeni isikepe kubonakele ukwanda kwinani imicu collagen. Ngenxa yoko, kukho ukuqina labo kunye nelahleko luthambe, ukunciphisa le mithambo.

picture clinical

Njengoko ebonakalisa BP kubalulekile? Iimpawu isifo badla zilahlekile. Njengoko wabonakala ethile kuphela kuphuma ixesha elide ubunzima obungakumbi kuphela. Kukho amaxabiso asemdeni, ngokutsho apho isifo. Ngoko ke, ngokuba i "top" (iSystolic) xi 140-159 mm HG. Art, ngokuba ukuzala -. 90-94. Kwezinye iimeko, le hypertension lokuqala Essential sihambisana:

• Elibuhlungu ngasemva entloko.
• Iyangongoza.
• umbono kabini.
• Ukuduma.

Ubunzulu ezi mpawu kunyuswa ukunyuka okukhulu uxinzelelo (lobunzima unesifo). Notshintsho isiqalo kwi imithambo yegazi amalungu zangaphakathi vuhlayiseki ngokuhamba kwexesha. Ngenxa "ekujoliswe" inhliziyo, nezintso, ingqondo.

isigaba yezifo

Xa imeko ngaphantsi kakhulu luphawulwa xi ngamaxesha ukunyuka (ukuzala - mkhulu kuno 95). Kulo mzekelo, imeko uzinziso kunokwenzeka ngaphandle kokusebenzisa amayeza. I-avareji obangelwa ngezifo esibonakala lenyukile uxinzelelo (ukuzala - kuluhlu 105-114). Kule nyathelo, oko kubonakele venules ukwanda, arteriolar exineneyo, legazi fundus ngaphandle nezinye izifo. inyathelo Heavy kwahlukile ukunyuka okuthe chu uxinzelelo (ukuzala - ngaphezu kwe-115). Ukuzinziswa urhulumente kungavela emva kwentlekele. Kweli nqanaba utshintsho ucaca ngakumbi fundus. Condition kwakhona sikhatshwe kuphuhliso yegazi kunye arteriolo-, ekhohlo ventricular hypertrophy, Cardiosclerosis. Uhlengahlengiso yezifo ngamalungu lwangaphakathi ufumene.

Comorbidities

Lwegazi kungalandelwa:

• nephropathy seswekile.
• sifuba angina.
• ukuhlaselwa yintliziyo.
• Revascularization kwemithambo yenhliziyo.
• ukuphazamiseka ezidlulayo ejikelezayo lobuchopho.
• Sophele kunye stroke kobuchopho.
• Ekweneni luvo optic.
• Legazi okanye exudate.
• retinopathy Severe.
• Kwemithambo.
• Wezintso kwaye ukusilela intliziyo congestive.

ekuxilongweni

Oku azasekelezwa kuvavanyo lwezibonisi kuxinzelelo. Ukucacisa uxilongo ifuna ubuncinane ngokwemilinganiso ezintathu ezizimeleyo. Oku isebenzisa sphygmomanometer imetyhuri nendlela Korotkoff. Uxilongo iintlobo zasesekondari ngezifo nokugqiba iqondo umonakalo omzimba kwenziwa luphando olongezelelweyo. Ngokukodwa, isigulane emiselweyo zesampulu ezithile kunye jikelele nomchamo kunye negazi, ultrasound izibilini intliziyo, iindidi zovavanyo, ECG njalo njalo.

ujongo lwamihla

Xa usebenzisa le ndlela ukufunda isigulane kunxiba oluzenzekelayo uxinzelelo lwegazi monitor, ukulungisa umgangatho uxinzelelo lwegazi emini. Ithuba elifutshane phakathi imilinganiselo, ngokuqhelekileyo imizuzu 30-60 60-120 imizuzu imini nobusuku. Isiphumo emashumini ezimbalwa iziphumo. Ngokususela kwidatha sikwazi uxinzelelo umndilili imini, nobusuku, imihla. Ukongeza nezalathisi ngqo, unako ukufumana iinkcukacha, nto leyo ebonisa ngokungangqalanga phambi lwegazi. Ezo ulwazi lwenza umlinganiselo isantya yokwanda kunye nokunciphisa uxinzelelo ngamaxesha angafaniyo.

lwegazi Kubalulekile: unyango

Kukho iindlela ezahlukahlukeneyo sinjalo. Ukhetho luya kuxhomekeka nomlinganiswa kunye nobukhulu izifo. Ngenxa yoko, kubalulekile kwaye renovascular ibonisa lwegazi babe umahluko ngamandla. Ubukhulu becala amanyathelo zonyango kufuneka ibhekiswe xi sinjalo. Ngaxeshanye kufuneka alungise yonke imiba ubungozi. Isigulana kufuneka ayeke ukutshaya kunye nezinye imikhwa emibi, ukuhlaziya kwizidlo bunjani ubunzima. Kwabo izigulane ukuba unesifo lwegazi kubalulekile, unyango kufuneka ibhekiswe kwi ngokususa ezimbi ezihamba: isifo seswekile, kunye nabanye. ingqalelo ekhethekileyo kufuneka ihlawulwe kwi-physical umsebenzi lwemithi ukuvuka nokulala. Kwi menu isixa-ityuwa kunye nezilwanyana amafutha kufuneka incitshiswe. Xa ekudleni ukutya zezityalo kufuneka ibe khona, iimveliso zobisi, ukutya okuziinkozo, iziqhamo kunye nemifuno. Kunye nale mveliso kuya kumpompoza abe ngamasuntswana umkhondo umzimba kunye nezinye iikhompawundi luncedo, iivithamini.

imiphumela Drug

Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba lwegazi ebalulekileyo lula ukuphelisa. Namhlanje eRashiya isincomo kwiiklasi ezisixhenxe iziyobisi. lwegazi Renovascular (eziziisekondari) ayiqondakali basuswe. Kulo mzekelo, uthomalaliso ejoliswe ikakhulu kuliwe izifo. Phakathi imithi izifo, zezi zilandelayo:

• Womchamo (amayeza umchamo). Zinceda ukususa ulwelo kwemfuneko emzimbeni. Ezi ziquka imali "Furosemide", "Hypothiazid" kunye nabanye.
• Beta blocker. Last kusetyenziswa kuphela ngexesha ezimbi ezihamba. Beta-blocker ziquka "nadolol," "acebutolol".
• abamelene Calcium. Nale kwabaza magnesium ngaphakathi ukudla nakho uyakwazi ukuqwalasela ulwamkelo calcium yokuqala.
• ACE inhibitor.
• Imidozalina receptor agonists.
• abamelene receptor Angiotensin (lithetha "losartan").

Ukukhethwa iziyobisi ikhutshwa phandle ngugqirha wakho.