Mark Shagal: A Biography. Mark Shagal: ubuchule

Ngubani bekufanele ukuba ngomnye wabantwana abasibhozo owazalwa kwinkulungwane yeshumi elinesithoba ngasekupheleni, kwidolophana ekufutshane Vitebsk usapho umYuda ihlwempu - mthengisi herring? Mhlawumbi celebrity ehlabathini. Kwaba njalo. Kwaye ukuba nabani na sele elithekelelwayo, ndithetha ngayo, uyazi - ukuba artist odumileyo Mark Shagal. biography emfutshane lobuntwana bakhe, Kakade ke, ayiqulathanga naluphi na nealam ikamva esineenkwenkwezi. Noko ke, igama lo mntu namhlanje ezithandwa kakhulu.

Ukuqala ngendlela yokudala

Esengumntwana, Chagall waqalisa ukufunda kwisikolo yamaYuda samabanga aphantsi, waza ke waya zibe kwimeko apho izifundo ziye zaqhutywa in Russian. Emva kahle kwiziseko zemfundo esikolweni, ukuya kokuqhambuka leMfazwe yokuQala yeHlabathi, ukususela 1907 ukuya ku-1910, wakwazi ukufunda buciko encinane eSt Petersburg. A umsebenzi omangalisayo kwexesha yokuqala umsebenzi wakhe womzobo "Ukufa," nto leyo ubonisa violin (impela njalo okuvela umfanekiso ngenxa wegcisa phambi kwethu) nxamnye iziganeko nightmarish eqongeni.

Ke Mark Shagal oselula bafudukela eParis, lo istudiyo phezu ongaphandle isixeko Bohemia, kummandla elaziwayo elibizwa ngokuba La Ruché. Apho wadibana ababhali ezaziwayo-kakuhle eziliqela kunye namagcisa, kubandakanywa Guillaume Apollinaire, noRoberta Delone, kunye nabanye. Le nkampani nokuhlola wamkelekile, Chagall yaye ngokukhawuleza waqalisa ukuphuhlisa kwimibongo ezintsha ezithandwayo, ephenjelelwa Impressionists kunye Post-Impressionists.

Ukubuyela namakhaya abo

Kwaye ukususela ngelo xesha sele nje kuphela iqalile ngobomi yakhe yokudala. Mark Shagal wayemthanda Paris ngonaphakade. Umzobi ebizwa Vitebsk wakhe wesibini. I-capital French yaba liziko yobugcisa yehlabathi, kwaye kukho uphawu ngokungalindelekanga yavelela. Oko Parizh Mark Zaharovich ingqalelo ngumthombo iphefumlelwe. Kwaye apha phantse Waxelelwa omnye wabaseki olu hlobo loncwadi yokudweba, njengoko kwemiYalezo. Kodwa amagqabi.

Emva kokuba Berlin mboniso ngu Mark Z. wabuyela Vitebsk, apho ke, akanazinjongo ukuhlala ixesha elide kakhulu, kanye ngexesha ukutshata uBella wakhe kutshata. Kodwa ke waxinga ngenxa kokuqhambuka leMfazwe yokuQala yeHlabathi, njengoko imida Russian zavalwa ukuba kangangexesha elingenammiselo.

Kodwa endaweni lithemba, Mark Shagal waqhubeka ukudala. Bella bazeke ngo-1915, wadala yobuciko ezifana "Birthday" kunye ngelaphu playful acrobatic osihloko sithi "Mfanekiso kabini kunye iglasi yewayini." Yonke imisebenzi yalo xesha bakhonza nobume amangqina artist yovuyo ebudeni minyaka yokuqala yobomi bakhe abatshatileyo.

xesha olululo kubomi womzobi

AmaJuda zonke izizathu umthande revolution. Emva koko watshabalalisa Pale, wanika ithuba lokuba amalungu amaninzi eli qela uhlanga ukuba mishinari. Sisiphi isimo sengqondo revolution Mark Z.? Kwaye yintoni uhlobo ulwazi malunga eli xesha iquka ngobomi bakhe? Mark Shagal, kakhulu, wazama ukuba umthande revolution. Xa kwidolophu yakowabo Vitebsk ngo-1918, wada waba uMkomishinala Amasiko yaye kamva nisekelwe yalathisa Art School, nekungoku ingxamele ethandwa kakhulu.

Mark Z kunye nabafundi ahombise isixeko lokubhiyozelwa isikhumbuzo yokuqala ka-Oktobha Revolution. Amagosa ubungenelisekanga kuyilo mbhiyozo, njengoko igcisa ngokwakhe. Kwaye xa abameli urhulumente omtsha waqalisa ukubuza kumninindlu kutheni iinkomo zakhe eluhlaza, yaye amahashe undize esibhakabhakeni, kwaye okona kubalulekileyo - ukuba Shagalova abalinganiswa abafana kunye nemigaqo ezinkulu revolution Karlom Marksom, Revolution craze ngokukhawuleza buphelile. Ingakumbi kuba iiBolsheviks waseka Pale entsha Settlement, hayi nje kuphela ngenxa yamaYuda.

Ukuya eyinkunzi isigqibo sokushiya eRussia

Into umshado Shagal Mark Zaharovich? ngobomi bakhe nangoku ebotshelelwe eRashiya, yaye ngoku wafudukela eMoscow, apho waqalisa ukufundisa ukuzoba revolution inkedama kwi kuyo abantwana. Ezi abantwana, kungekhona kwakanye ubunzima unyango mathe ezandleni-mthetho, abaninzi bakhumbula ukhanye sentsimbi imela iincakuba, ethe zixheliwe ngabazali babo, eqhiphuke umbilini yi impempe of iimbumbulu inkqonkqoze iindondo elikhenkcezayo.

Xa ipasiswe yesicelo, Mark Z. wabona noTrotsky ngaphandle emotweni. inyathelo ezikhulu endleleni yakhe eya egumbini lakhe. Emva koko ke umzobi waqonda ndidiniwe kwakhe, waza waziva ngamandla ukuba ngaphezu kwayo nantoni na ofuna ukubhala ngemizobo yakhe. Nam ke yasebukhosini okanye urhulumente yiSoviet, ngokwembono yakhe, zange kuyimfuneko oko.

Mark Shagal ugqiba ukuba athathe umfazi wakhe yaye sele wabonakala yi ixesha intombi yakhe kwaye ushiye Russia. Uba Umkhomishinala wokuqala, lowo eshiya urhulumente omtsha ukusindisa kuphela ubomi omthandayo, kodwa umphefumlo wakhe yobukhoboka.

ubomi entsha okanye isimo ukuya wegcisa aphesheya

Marc Chagall biography kunye nobuchule ngoku engasekho enxulumene kwilizwe, waya France - kumkhawulela ukungafi yakhe. Kwiminyaka elandelayo, igama lakhe Kongezelelwa ibinzana 'ubungqondi kwenkulungwane "," i-usolusapho yehlabathi yokudweba. " The French wathi Mark Zakharovich intloko yesikolo art Paris. Kwathi ngexesha elifanayo eJamani ngendlela Mtheza enkulu wayitshisa imizobo of Chagall. Kutheni abanye bathi ukupeyinta yakhe eluchochoyini zobugcisa wanamhla, ngoxa abanye ukuba aphazamise "isidla-bantu" yoyilo zabo ukuphunyezwa.

Mhlawumbi, yantlitha imvo ukuzimela lobuqu. Yena free njengoko uThixo kwinkqubo indalo iphela. Naphi na apho ayehlala Chagall - e Vitebsk, New York okanye Paris - yena usoloko uchazwa phantse efanayo. Elinye okanye amabini amanani abantu, liyachuma emoyeni ... I inkomo, yalila, ihashe, nokuba liesile, ezimbalwa izixhobo zomculo, iintyatyambo, nophahla lweenkobe Vitebsk. Phantse ayikho enye into wabhala Mark Shagal. Inkcazelo lwemifanekiso kubonisa kuphela imifanekiso phindo, kodwa phantse musa ziyahluka kwezinye nokubhaleka ngalinye.

A ndiyaphupha, okanye ntoni na imizobo kaMarko Zakharovich

Ukanti bamangaliswa iingcali. Mark Z wabonisa izifundo eziqhelekileyo, ngokungathi umbukeli ebona ukuba okwesihlandlo sokuqala. Ngokwemvelo kakhulu ukuvezwa izinto kumnandi. Kuba ezilula, abathandi ungabi nobunzima umfanekiso Mark Zakharovich - amaphupha yesiqhelo ebuntwaneni. Bona - umnqweno nezikhutheleyo ukubhabha. IPHUPHA ngento ukubona ezintle, wonwabile kwaye buhlungu ngexesha elifanayo. Mark Shagal - artist oziva uzibophelele ukuba umntu ngamnye imisebenzi yakhe kanye ebomini bakho. Le umanyene wendalo enkulu.

Lo mntu yaziwa kulo lonke ihlabathi

Lo mzuzu ezinqabileyo wokukhanya lathatha Mark Zakharovich iminyaka engamashumi asibhozo. Yiloo kangakanani bayahlelwa ukuvumela umzobi enkulu nokusungula. Wabhala amakhulu ngemizobo. ukupeyinta bakhe ibekwe eNew York Metropolitan Opera kunye Grand Opera e Paris. umsebenzi wakhe - ukuba kwakhona iqela iifestile zeglasi nebala kwi icawa yase Europe nayo yonke esi sakhiwo kwihlabathi apho uhlala ixesha elininzi abantu abamazi Mark Shagal. Biography nemifanekiso ngaye nje kuphela Russian ezithandwayo namhlanje. Nkqu yeZizwe eziManyeneyo na izinto womzobo walo mculi abanetalente.

biography Creative. Mark Shagal nodumo ngamazwe

Xa uHitler eqala ukubusa, imizobo igcisa ngayo Marc Chagall baqalisa ukuvakalisa ixhala lo womzobi phezu bayahlelwa oonyana babantu. Le "Wedwa", "White Emnqamlezweni", apho iisimboli zamaYuda namaKristu zixubene kunye hlokondiba lwamaNazi ukugrogrisa amaYuda. Mark Z asuswa eUnited States sele apho ukuqhubeka nomsebenzi wakhe.

Kubalulekile ukuphawula esinye isithuba artist, lowo ichaza ngobomi bakhe. Mark Shagal ngo-1944, wafelwa ngumfazi wakhe, yaye ke oku kubonakala imisebenzi yakhe. Bella ubonakala kula imizobo umzobi njenge "Amakhandlela Wedding", "Nocturne" kunye nezinye: ngeendlela eziliqela, kunye nabadla, ngohlobo ingelosi okanye umtshakazi ncam.

Buyela ku Paris

Ngowe-1948, Mark Zaharovich Shagal kwakhona kuhlala eFransi, kwi-Cote d'Azure. Apha lifumana kwee-odolo, imizekelo yoyilo iiseti kunye nesinxibo ngenxa ballet. Ngowe-1960, uqalisa ukwenza iifestile zeglasi nebala ukuba yesikhungu kaHadasa Medical Center.

Kamva, ethatha ekudalweni kwiiprojekthi ezinkulu apha kuyilo yecawa e Zurich, Church iSt Stephen xa ku Mainz eJamani yaye Church of All Saints apha United Kingdom. Wafa kunazo Mark Zaharovich Shagal Matshi 28, 1985, eshiya ngasemva ingqokelela eninzi imisebenzi yobugcisa eziliqela mveliso.

Mark Shagal baba luphawu zenkulungwane yamashumi amabini, kodwa hayi icala etshabalalisayo emnyama kunye nothando, umnqweno ngokuvumelana, ithemba lokufumana ulonwabo. ukungafi kwakhe - ukukwazi ukugqithisa ubukho umoya yaphezulu kuyo yonke into yehlabathi.