Impembelelo yomntu kwizinto eziphilayo. Zendalo zendalo

Ukususela kwixesha lakudala, indima oluntu ecosystem kucingelwa ungenelelo ngendlela ebonakalayo chain yendalo ngenjongo kokuqwalaselwa kwayo. Kulo mzekelo, inzala uhlala kwaphemba ngendaleko rhoqo ezinto eziphilayo ezikhoyo nokuba imisebenzi yabantu, nto leyo maxa wambi kukhokelela kwiziphumo vuhlayiseki ukuze okusingqongileyo kunye nabantu.

Man and Nature

Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, impembelelo ngabantu ecosystem iye phantse ngokupheleleyo. Ukutyhubela iinkulungwane ezimbalwa ezidlulileyo, Bulelani kuphuhliso okubalulekileyo inkqubela zeteknoloji, ungcoliseko lokusingqongileyo lifikelele ingongoma ebalulekileyo kwaye uqale ukumela yingozi enkulu.

A ifuthe elibonakalayo utshintsho esesibhakabhakeni uba kwasasazwa carbon kwindalo, ekubeni ngezixa kakhulu ubume ezininzi izimbiwa emhlabeni. Ukutshiswa amafutha eziphili zamandulo ezaba lilitye iyekelela dayoksayidi (carbon dioxide) kumashishini layo ipropati ukuba yande emoyeni, ngenxa yokuba lo ukugawula enkulu yezityalo esele yehlathi musa ukuphatha ukumelana wokucoca.

Ngenxa yokwehla yokwanda carbon dioxide ingqalelo inzuzo ehlabathini greenhouse effect global saphawula kukuba dust igcina ubushushu kwi kumphezulu womhlaba, ebangela zokufudumeza kakhulu, isiphumo leyo eyandisa suku ngalunye.

Uhlahlelo kunye nokuhlolwa kwemisebenzi yabantu kwi ecosystem kuvumela ukugweba ngokufanelekileyo ukuba xa musa ukuthatha amanyathelo izigqibo ukubuyisela imeko eziphilayo, amajoni omzimba akakwazi lokuhoyana uyangcoliswa, ibe yingozi emzimbeni womntu, nto leyo ke kukhokelela kwiziphumo vuhlayiseki . Eyona nto kukuba umngcolisi inokuchaphazela umzimba zombini ngqo okanye ngokungathanga ngqo, ngokulula siwele ngokusebenzisa izinto ezahlukeneyo eziphilayo.

intlango

Zonke eziphilayo neendawo eziphila kuzo kungenziwa zahlulwe kwiimpawu zemozulu nezihluma, lo gama eziphila ngalinye luphawulwa iimpawu ngamnye enxulumene kungekhona nezilwanyana ezinqabileyo kunye nezityalo ezihlala apho, kunye neemeko zemozulu. Kuqala phakathi kolu didi eziphilayo ziquka ezinkqantosini.

Eyona iphambili yale ndawo kukuba amandla umphunga kuwo iphezulu kakhulu ngaphezu kwenqanaba kwezulu. Ngenxa yeemeko ezinjalo kwezityalo entlango inqabile. Kuba le ndawo luphawulwa imozulu ecacileyo ukwanda kwezityalo efanele, nto leyo kumhlaba ebusuku iqala nzima ukuphulukana ubushushu okongezeleke emini. Kufuneka kukhunjulwe ukuba ezinkqantosini nkulu ngaphezu kwe-15% yomhlaba komhlaba kwaye zifumaneka phantse zonke ezinezinga ezisentlabathini.

Intlango ingaba:

• Tropical.
• Phakathi.
• Kuyabanda.

Izityalo kunye nezilwanyana ezihlala kuzo, kungakhathaliseki ukuba iimeko zemozulu ziyakwazi Ukuqokelela nokugcina ukufuma awukho emzimbeni. Ukutshatyalaliswa utyani ndawo kukhokelela ekubeni yokuyikhangela uya kuthabatha isixa esikhulu ixesha kunye nomgudu.

Savannah

yendalo nazo zibandakanya ummandla Savannah, ummandla apho, enyanisweni, izinto eziphila herbaceous. Olu didi lubandakanya kwiindawo abafumana amathuba eziliqela elide lembalela imvula kakhulu uzigqibile. Olu didi ligubungela ecosystem olubanzi lwemimandla kumacala omabini-ikhweyitha, lwenzeke nakwimimandla ekufutshane Arctic entlango.

Nangona isibakala sokuba abantu zinqabile kakhulu kolu hlobo ngengingqi ifumaneka kwezi oyile kwiindawo kunye negesi zolondolozo ngabaqumbisi impembelelo phezulu anthropogenic, ngenxa yamanqanaba asezantsi olwazi izinto zemvelo izinga yokubola lokukhula kwezityalo lo mncinane, ngenxa yokuba yintoni na le ndawo lokusingqongileyo ngomnye kakhulu sengozini.

ehlathini eziphila

Zonke amahlathi, kungakhathaliseki uhlobo, nayo kuba kudidi eziphila ezisentlabathini.

Bona zimelwe:

• amahlathi wofika. Olona phawu engundoqo ibuyambo ekhawulezileyo kwezityalo emva ahlabayo. Ngoko ke, le ndawo oyena nako ukulwa imiphumo emibi ngayo ebantwini.

• Conifers. Ngokusisiseko, le Amahlathi thaca kwimimandla hlathi. Le yeyona ndawo yehlathi itsalwa iimfuno zoshishino.
• Tropical. Imithi kula amahlathi kugcina kwamahlamvu phantse kuwo wonke lo nyaka, ngenxa oko inikwa ngumntu esitalini ukucoca umoya le carbon dioxide. Ngenxa yoko yokutshatyalaliswa kohlaza ongaphezulu yabantu wahlamba ngokupheleleyo kude ngenxa yokuba sesichengeni ixesha elide ukuya imvula, ihlathi cishe kungenakwenzeka ukuba zibuye emva ahlabayo.

ecosystem sokuzenzela

eziphila Artificial okanye agrocenosis ziquka zamntu ecosystem yabantu, umsebenzi wayo ophambili kukuba ukugcina ukuzinzisa imeko yokusingqongileyo ehlabathini, kwakunye nokubonelelwa kubakho ezikhoyo ukutya abantu kunye nezilwanyana. Esi sigaba sibandakanya:

• Field.
• Hayfields.
• Parks.
• Gardens.
• Gardens.
• Forest lokutyala.

Kwiimeko ezininzi eziphila ukungavani efunekayo ukuze kwenziwe loo mntu yemveliso yezolimo ngenxa yobomi yayo yesiqhelo. Nangona ukuba nengathembekanga kakhulu ngokubhekiselele esingqongileyo, isivuno eliphezulu kwenza kube lula, esebenzisa ubuncinane inani kwiindawo komhlaba ukunika ukutya kulo lonke ihlabathi. Indlela emisiweyo, akubekileyo abantu indalo zabo ulondolozo yeenkcubeko, kukho intsebenzo isikolo esikhulu.

Le labemi agrotcenoze ngenxa ikakhulu ukuhamba loo mntu unako ukunika ukuphucula umgangatho wenzala, leyo kakubi ufuna ecosystem ngumntu. Man, uhlobo apho lu dityanisiwe rhoqo ezifunyaniswe kwiindawo ezininzi ebalulekileyo ebomini, kudala ndaqonda ukuba le hlobo ecosystem sihlala sifuna ukwamkelwa lweziqalelo luncedo. Phakathi kwabo, indima ebalulekileyo idlalwa ngamanzi nezichumiso, apho rhoqo uyanyamalala emhlabeni ngenxa umjikelo wamanzi endalweni. Kuphela ngale ndlela onokusindisa izivuno size siphephe indlala ngonaphakade ziyonakala iimeko zokusingqongileyo.

Kulo agrotcenoze, njengokuba mntu ukwenye intsimi, kukho ikhonkco lokutya i-ecosystem, icandelo eziyimfuneko zabantu. Kulo mzekelo, nguye lowo wadlala indima ebaluleke kakhulu, ngokuba akuyi kuba nako akukho ecosystem ngumntu ngaphandle kwakhe. Inyaniso kukuba ngaphandle kakuhle oluyigcinayo iimpawu zayo ubuninzi konyaka ngokohlobo emasimini kwaye ukusa kwinkulungwane yesine ngokohlobo iziqhamo kunye berry.

Eyona ndlela ilungileyo ukwandisa imveliso nokugcina ezi eziphila ahlale amelioration lomhlaba, ikhuthaza ukucocwa umhlaba izinto esindayo kwaye uzinze, ukukhula kwezityalo zendalo.

Impembelelo yendalo

yendalo ziquka zombini esemhlabeni nesemanzini eziphila. Ngenxa yoko, abantu kufuneka athathe amanyathelo kakhulu ukukhusela imizimba amanzi avela kwii kwezinto eziyingozi. Inani eziphilayo, apho amanzi ngowona mthombo wobomi, kuxhomekeke kwisiqulatho zawo neetyuwa kunye imiba obushushu. Ngokungafaniyo kwimixokomelwano yeendawo ezisentlabathini, izilwanyana ezihlala phantsi kwamanzi, kufuneka ukufikelela rhoqo mpilo, ebangela ukuba zama ukuhlala phezu kwamanzi.

yokuphilisana kwezidalwa yahlukile ngamanzi, kungekuphela nje inkqubo ingcambu yezityalo, kodwa ke ngeekhomponenti asisiseko ukutya. Ngoko ke, kuxhomekeke kubunzulu bamanzi, imithombo ukutya kuba lincinane kakhulu. Nokuba ezikhutshwayo ezivela inkunkuma enziwe kwakhona ziinkampani hayi imithombo yamanzi, kwaye phezu komhlaba ngenxa ungcoliseko komoya ungena amanzi komhlaba. Yaye ekubeni bafika mithombo iphambili ebulalayo ezininzi eziphilayo nokuba yingozi emzimbeni womntu ngexesha ukusetyenziswa kwabantu yamanzi.

Iintlobo zongcoliseko lomoya

Iziphumo zezinto ezenziwa luluntu zemvelo ngokuyintloko abachaphazelekayo ungcoliseko lomoya. Kude kube kamva nje, ukuba ingqalelo ingxaki yokusingqongileyo kakhulu omkhulu kuzo zonke izixeko ezikhulu, Noko ke, ngenxa isifundo ngenyameko ingxaki, oosonzululwazi bafumanisa ukuba ezingcolisa umoya bahambe imigama emikhulu evela kumthombo ukukhutshwa ngqo. Ngoko ke, sinokugqiba ukuba nkqu ohlala iimeko kakuhle kakhulu eziphilayo, abantu abazazi neziphumo eziyingozi nje kancinci njengoko abo bahlala kufutshane imithombo mveliso.

Zingcolisi zomoya eqhelekileyo, ezo enokuchatshazelwa kakhulu kokusingqongileyo, zimi ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:

• Yandisa kwi nokwakhiwa komoya xi ngayo basic element - carbon dioxide.
• kwenitrojeni.
• Hydrocarbon.
• Sulphur dioxide.
• Umxube zerhasi chlorine, fluorine kunye nembumba yeekharbon, eyaziwa ngokuba CFC.

futhe ngabantu ecosystem kuye kwakhokelela ekubeni ekulweni ungcoliseko lokusingqongileyo iye kwinqanaba jikelele, ukuba lo msebenzi ubalulekileyo kuwo onke amazwe ngaphandle kokukhetha. Kuphela ngokubambisana ngamazwe onokufikelela kuzinziswa ngeyona ngokukhawuleza le meko eziphilayo.

imiphumela emibi

umsebenzi yabantu ezigxekayo le ecosystem kuthethe ukuba uyazikhomba kubahlali zendalo komoya esesibhakabhakeni lifinyele ngonyaka ngamnye, kwaye uninzi ubunzima kulo maleko esesibhakabhakeni eliphezulu apho xi ozone ngamanye amaxesha ufikelela kwinqanaba kakhulu. Kulo mzekelo ubunzima eziphambili ekubuyiseleni yokusebenza yayo izinzile sikuko yokuba ozone ngokwayo nga kwandisa ngokubonakalayo ungcoliseko lomoya phezu kwamanzi, ndizibhokoxa nefuthe elibi kwizityalo ezininzi. Ngaphezu koko, ngokuxuba ozone ne-nitric oxide, ezizizembiwa kwaye ukuyilwa nomsi nomsi, nto leyo umxube kakhulu eziyingozi ezonakalisayo kuchaphazela kokusingqongileyo.

Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, iingqondo intle kwihlabathi sisebenza ingxaki ukunciphisa imiphumela emibi zezinto ezenziwa luluntu. Kakade ke, lo eziphilayo zadalwa ngumntu, ngokomkhethe bunjani izikhombisi, kodwa kukho ukwanda okuthe ezikhutshwayo ezivela kwizityalo mveliso, yande emoyeni.

Ngaphezu koko, kukho ngaphezulu elibi izinto ngohlobo uthuli, ingxolo, yokukhulisa amasimi kagesi kunye notshintsho lwemozulu, ngenxa apho obushushu okukufutshane kwiminyaka yakutshanje liye landa kakhulu, nto leyo ibangela utshintsho zezulu vuhlayiseki.

amanyathelo enkxaso lokusingqongileyo

Ekubeni impembelelo ngabantu ecosystem kuye kwakhokelela kutshintsho lwemozulu esinzulu, ukufudumala ingakumbi jikelele, abantu kufuneka aphuhlise amanyathelo kakhulu ukuba kuliwe ungcoliseko, ukwandisa inani eziphilayo ehlabathini, kungakhathaliseki ukuba zendalo okanye ezenziwe ngumntu kusini. Ngenxa beqokelela yeegesi kwi-atmosfera, apho inxalenye encinane kuphela abasasazeke isithuba, kwaye abanye emhlabeni ebangela greenhouse effect, abaphengululi ibonisa ukwanda okubonakalayo lobushushu emhlabeni ezonakalisayo ziboniswe kwabaphilileyo bonke. Nangona kunjalo, qaphela ukuba ngaphandle le mpembelelo, leyo unenzondelelo utshintsho encinane kwizigidi zeminyaka, eziphilayo mihla eyilelwe ukuxhasa imeko yabantu eziphilayo, ngaba asikho.

Nangona kunjalo sina uluntu kufuneka ukunciphisa ukukhutshwa amacandelo eziyingozi emoyeni, yaye ubuncinane uzinzo inkqubo kwamahlathi ukwakha iindawo eziluhlaza ezintsha, ngenxa yi greenhouse effect yokukhulisa esitalini olunye kukhokelela komphunga amanzi kunye ukonakala isimo sezulu. Kubalulekile ukuba amanyathelo ezithile kule endle esele zamkelwe. Ingakumbi oku kusebenza ekuyilweni yooRhulumente Group, elizimisele - iliso ukutshintsha kwemozulu uchonge indawo ukukhutshwa kwegesi ophezulu-amandla ngokulahla yonke imikhosi yazo ukulungisa imeko yokusingqongileyo kule ngingqi.

Ukongeza, i-World Environmental Congress yadalwa, eyaziwa ngokuba "Umhlaba Summit." It uqhuba ukusebenza ngokupheleleyo ejoliswe ekuphelisweni isivumelwano samazwe phakathi onke amazwe ukwenzela ukunciphisa ukukhutshwa kwegesi kunye nezinye izinto eziyingozi kwi-atmosfera.

Nangona isibakala sokuba ayisekho ubungqina mihla obucacileyo warming anthropogenic ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, izazinzulu zikholelwa ukuba inkqubo vuhlayiseki sele iqalile. Kungenxa yoko le nto kubaluleke kangaka kwihlabathi liphela ndawonye ukuzinzisa le meko lokusingqongileyo ehlabathini.

ifuthe Human kwi ecosystem nga samiliselwa ngokungaphelelanga kuphele uphuhliso kunye nokuqaliswa ngakumbi iinkqubo ezinamandla ukuba usetyenziselwe ukucoca ngokucokisekileyo umoya. Namhlanje, izakhiwo ezinjalo zaziwa kuphela ngamaziko eziphuhlileyo, kodwa inani labo lincinane kakhulu ukuba ukwehla ukukhutshwa idlula phantse wenzeka ngasemva lwehlabathi.

Akukho ngaphantsi indima kunye nophuhliso imithombo ezininzi ezizezinye lwamandla musa ukuvelisa iziphumo ezinobungozi kokusingqongileyo. Ukongeza, imveliso mveliso kufuneka bafikelela kwelona zinga entsha komsebenzi nokusetyenziswa non lwenkunkuma-technology mveliso, kunye namanyathelo ukuba kuliwe iigesi zeemoto avelisa iimoto, kufuneka ziqiniswe kangangoko kunokwenzeka. Kuphela emva kokuba imeko leyo izinze kangangoko kunokwenzeka, umbutho jikelele wezokusiNgqongileyo uya kukwazi ukubona kakuhle kwaye kuliwe Zonke iintshukumo zokwaphulwa kwemithetho.

ukuba kuzinziswe Amanyathelo

Impembelelo embi ngabantu ecosystem ibonakala kuphela xa ungcoliseko uhlobo komphutha weekhemikhali, ezifana njengoko kunjalo eChernobyl, kodwa ekutshabalaleni yenkohlakalo eziphilayo ezisengozini lezilwanyana kunye nezityalo. Zonke ezi zinto zinegalelo ngokonakala impilo yabantu, kungakhathaliseki ukuba amaqela ubudala. Ukongeza, yanyhashwa yokusingqongileyo echaphazela abantwana bade kuzalwa, oko kwenzakalise kakhulu imeko jikelele ufuzo ehlabathini kwaye ezichaphazela izinga lokufa.

A eneenkcukacha analysis kunye nefuthe uvavanyo indoda ecosystem onokugweba ukuba ukuthotywa engundoqo yokusingqongileyo Earth enxulumene kakhulu ngabom ekujoliswe zizenzo zabantu. Le lasendle kuquka ukubulawa kwemikhombe kwaye nokwanda kwenani kwiiplanti zeekhemikali, ukukhutshwa ukuba abe negalelo elikhulu kokusingqongileyo. Ukuba kwixesha elizayo kufuphi loluntu esingalaziyo, kukhokelela nawuphi umphumo xa ekupheleni ukunyaniseka kwayo, kwaye uqalisa ukusebenzisa ngenkuthalo ubugcisa zokwenza nyulu, kuquka ukwandisa inani kwimimandla eluhlaza, ingakumbi emizini mveliso enkulu, kwixesha elizayo oku kungakhokelela ekubeni iziphumo vuhlayiseki ehlabathini lonke.