Measuring izixhobo: Nciphisa ubude amanyathelo moya-ukufana

umgca womlinganiselo Base kulo naliphi na icandelo mveliso - moya-parallel amanyathelo ekupheleni ubude (KMD). Zisetyenziswa ukugcina ubude kunye neyunithi bayo ukudlalwa. Kananjalo ukuba ukuvavanya izixhobo umlinganiselo kwimibhobho zabo Ukugxila phezu izixhobo, ubukhulu isilumkiso nesethingi efunekayo kwaye ibe ubukhulu gauge zendalo kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo. Cwangcisa kwamanyathelo ekupheleni moya-engumzekelo ubude ivumela umsebenzi ngobuciko obukhulu hlengiso matshini yokumakisha. Lo msebenzi ungundoqo Cmd ithathwa ukugcina ubunye amanyathelo-mveliso eyahlukeneyo.

nezimaphambili ezingundoqo

Instruments kusetyenziswa umlinganiselo kumashishini mveliso, imibutho okanye iinkonzo ukulungiswa kufuneka athile (ngendlela) avavanyelwe nokuchaneka. Ngokuqhelekileyo, akukho akukwazeki ukuba ukubahlangula uqinisekise izixhobo zokulinganisa kunye namashishini ezahlukeneyo kumaziko apho ubukhulu reference zibekwe.

Le nkqubo akwenzeki ngaphandle kwe kwishishini, avumele amanyathelo ekupheleni ubude (moya-ngaxeshanye). Basimisela umzekelo okanye amanyathelo umgangatho ubude. Ngaphandle, ifowuni ikhangeleka parallelepiped okanye itankana ngokobukhulu olunonjolweyo ibekwe phakathi iinqwelomoya yomlinganiselo.

Eyona njongo tiles Johanson - unit kulondolozwe ubude kunye nokudluliselwa. Umda Plane isetyenziselwa ukulinganisa ubude sidlalwe, ukuqinisekisa kunye / okanye solinganiso phezu izixhobo umlinganiselo ezahlukeneyo (gauge micrometer Isalathisi sine bar njalo njalo.), Kwakunye izixhobo control zemveliso kunye templates.

Kanye kwekhulu leminyaka eyadlulayo

amanyathelo End of ubude zaye kuqala iveliswayo yinkampani Swiss "Johanson". Ezenziwe ngesinyithi ngohlobo parallelepipeds buxande, bevela kwi lo Mboniso ka yeHlabathi Paris ngo-1900. Ngenxa inkampani lemveliso ebizwa ngokuba "iithayile Johanson" kuhambisana elide umlinganiselo ekupheleni ubude (moya-ngaxeshanye). nje "tiles" Kungekudala emva koko, baye baba.

ESoviet Union KMD kuqala akhutshwe Sestroretsk kunye Tula izihluzi. Xa manqaku ke zaziswa kwi "toolmaker Red" kwi laseKirov and eMoscow "ukuvuleka" ekuqaleni ezi 30.

Namhlanje, nokufika licwecwe laser interferometers, izixhobo umlinganiselo zombane, ukuzeka kade ubude, oomatshini ukuba awulinganise ukuququzelela amanqaku, altimeters kunye nezinye izixhobo ngendima womlinganiselo oluphuculweyo, injongo kunye nokusetyenziswa Cmd ngokwemigaqo utshintsho olubalulekileyo. Noko ke, izinto eziphambili, umgangatho esisiseko - ubungakanani izinto yenethiwekhi - isekhona ezinye endaweni yazo. Oku nangona inani elikhulu iindlela eziphambili enombala kwaye elektroniki ukuba imilinganiselo echanekileyo.

terminal Plane umlinganiselo ubude (Johanson Map) yavelisa kunye nemilinganiselo ukuba phakathi imilinganiselo moya zivela 0.5 ukuya 1000 mm. Ukuba kuyimfuneko, ufumane imali random ezingaqukwanga umlinganiselo ubude tile ngokuthelekisa amanyathelo ekupheleni lindanda ngobude kwezinye imfuneko ngamnye ukwenza ubungakanani wakhulelwa. Akramnceleyo, kufuneka kwenzeke phambi kokuba adhesion tiles (ukutsho oko, akukho kuwa ngaphandle).

Ukususela oko iveliswa

terminal Namhlanje umlinganiselo ubude (ipleyiti enxuseneyo) kunyibilike ingxubevange ngentsimbi. Kwakhona, ukuba zenziwe ngodongwe kunye aluminium nzima.

steel Cmd

Le milinganiselo ubude ezenziwe ngentsimbi, umzekelo chromium, into akramnceleyo kakuhle iindawo kunye nezinye izinto zezifundo kunye nezinye amanyathelo yokulinganisa. Bona imiphezulu umsebenzi entle ixesha elide, nto leyo echaza ubomi Ukwandisa inkonzo.

umlinganiselo Steel ngokuyimfuneko ungacimi kwaye ngoko ngokuzenzela abaneminyaka, eyenza kube lula ukugcina ubungakanani ngqo ukuba sirhwebe. Yobulukhuni umphezulu lonxibelelwano imivalo yesinyithi Johanson - soloko ubuncinane 800 HV.

Bobubi abaqaphela ingakumbi ukuba banxibe kumphezulu zokusebenza, imikrwelo umhlwa kunokwenzeka. Ngaphambi kokuba usebenze PKMD nabo ukususa i igrisi zokuzikhusela, yaye emva yokuphumeza umsebenzi kwakhona uyasetyenziswa. zokulinganisa ubude (ekupheleni moya-parallel), GOST kuhlawulelwa kuphela ezenziwe ngentsimbi, singangena utshintsho ubushushu, kuquka ukuba ubushushu wezandla somqhubi.

Of KMD hardmetals uzuko

Tiles of fusible Tungsten khabhayithi intsimbi eyomeleleyo phindene kalishumi. Ukongezelela bokuba abradability ogqibeleleyo. Yobulukhuni kwindawo osebenzela amanyathelo carbide waqinisa ngokuphinda (1400 hv) Ukuqina bobume kwi iithayile ngentsimbi. Ukungabikho enye - bubunzima obuninzi. Ngoko ke, ukususela carbide iphele akunakwenzeka ukuba baqokelele iibhloko ukusebenza kunye nemilinganiselo elikhulu.

terminal Plane umlinganiselo ubude (Johanson Map) ezenziwe ngodongwe zirconia zezona ukumelana kakhulu ukuzikrwempa kwaye banxibe okanye kwindawo osebenzela kuyo. Yodongwe, njengokuba okwaziwayo non-bako, yaye, ke ngoko, phezu ipleyiti iseramikhi zirconia izandla akukho mqhubi impembelelo ukufuma xa (ngokuchaseneyo khabhayithi nensimbi). Ezilinganisweni ubude izinto lo uzinzo kunye nenkonzo ubomi obude kakhulu, nto leyo eyenza kube lula ukuba kwandiswe ixesha phakathi nokuqinisekiswa.

Cmd of ukubumba akufuneki magnetized, akunyanzelekanga ukuba ukhuselo ekhethekileyo anti-ngokudleka alitsali uthuli. Kwaye uzinzile yaye bayakwazi ukugcina ubungakanani ixesha elide.

Uhlalutyo wabonisa ukuba zentsimbi kunye namanyathelo yodongwe zikufutshane ngokwexabiso lomlingani thermal lokwanda yomgama. Esi salathisi ivumela KMD ukubeka iibhloko tiles yodongwe kunye intsimbi, nto leyo eyenza isenzo kwezi izinto interchangeable ngokupheleleyo.

glass Cmd

Yenza amanyathelo ekupheleni ubude mawenziwe negilasi. Zisetyenziswa ukuqinisekisa sidlalwe le flatness kunye abradability. Kwakunye ekuhloleni flatness imiphezulu yokusebenza ngqo, umzekelo, ezikhaphukhaphu iitafile. Ikhutshwe glass KMD sangqa mm-50 ukuya 75, flatness engaphantsi kwe-0,125 mm kunye 15-20 mm ububanzi.

njani lo msebenzi

Ukudluliselwa kunye nokulondoloza ubungakanani ngqo ngokusebenzisa ubude ekupheleni moya-ukufana ithatha up ngolu hlobo.

Izixhobo ezikhethekileyo zokwenza umlinganiselo Ubukhulu khangela eyipasile isiphelo yokuqala yokulahla amanyathelo engumzekelo.

Amanyathelo terminal ubude (ipleyiti enxuseneyo) ukuba iithayile kwezatifiketi iphezulu ukuchana, zigcinwa kuphela kumagumbi zaselebhu Gosstandard. Xa izityalo industrial, ngokuxhomekeke kwiimfuno imilinganiselo ze ngokuchana kwayo imveliso, sebenzisa iithayile ukususela yesibini ukuya kwiindawo wesihlanu. Nokudlulisela ubungakanani ngqo - isuswa ngamaxesha thelekisa iithayile obhobhozayo yokuqala kunye iithayile yokumpompoza yesibini. Ngoko ke yokugqibela - ukusuka iithayile yenqanaba lesithathu kunye ecaleni wesekethe. Ngenxa yoko, xa izityalo zoshishino lavavanya bonke izixhobo, kuqalwa kubekho nokuyifeza ngqo kunye alatyuzayo. Iziphumo zezi nokuqinisekiswa ziya wangena ipasipoti isixhobo ngasinye.

lindanda KMD

Labaselayo malunga ukuphelisa ekulinganiseni ubude kucingelwa ukuba isiphumo coalescence tiles ezimbini. terminal Plane umlinganiselo ubude likhazimlisiwe ukuba uhlala komoya zisuswe ngokudibanisa kubo, kwaye ichaphazela kuphela womoya. Umphezulu ukuqina aseleyo amathontsi amanzi ukuhlisa ekuthambiseni intsebenziswano phakathi molecule izinto ukusuka apho ithayile, ukunyusa amandla compressive.

Ukuba amanyathelo ekupheleni moya-engumzekelo ubude olubengezela kakuhle, ukuba ulungise kakuhle wena. Le ubuchule iithayile zokulinganisa ubude kuthathwa imfuneko. Kuba ukulahleka eli nyathelo esemgangathweni banxibe komhlaba.

ezongezwayo Kuyimfuneko

Zokuqokelela iithayile ineebloko KMD baqukumbele nabo ukuze kuqinisekiswe usebenziso olulula usebenzisa iseti lwezincedisi kwimiqathango ekupheleni moya-engumzekelo ubude. It isetyenziswa ngokubanzi ngokwaneleyo. Accessories, ezifana imfuneko bazitshekishe okanye ukubekela ubungakanani izixhobo ezahlukeneyo yokulinganisa. Kusenokuba micrometer kunye Isalathisi Callipers, ulinganisa, njl

Ikhithi ibandakanya laterals eziyimfuneko ezinobukhulu obahlukileyo, nto leyo yenza kube lula ukwenza zombini nemilinganiso bangaphakathi kunye nabangaphandle. Oku kubaluleke ngakumbi xa kwimveliso okuchaneka eliphezulu series encinane. Kulo mzekelo, ezimotweni kufuneka kuzakucwangcisa ubuninzi bobungakanani iimveliso ezikhoyo kunye ubuncinane. Oko kukuthi, ukuba zisetyenziswa njenge gauge kabini-Amasa esecaleni odlulayo kunye ivaleke.

Kuba ngokuphawula imisebenzi usebenzisa i iseti eyongezelelweyo elimakishayo, apho ziqhotyoshelwe ngumnikazi imilinganiselo eqondile kakhulu.

Kwakhona, iseti iquka: osithelisayo, laterals moya-ngaxeshanye kwaye egobile, line-mbini ntathu, emacaleni kunye umbhali central, angamatshijolo, crackers kunye ixhokonxa. Zakutshanje efunekayo ukuze ukumisela umsantsa phakathi imiphezulu akramnceleyo. Ixhokonxa - iipleyiti intsimbi, ubukhulu ubuncinane - 0,02 mm, ubuninzi - 1.0 mm. Kwezidalwa ngokusebenzisa 0,01 mm kunye 0.05 mm.

Ukusebenzisa i-probe ukufumanisa ubukhulu umsantsa, kufuneka bawubeke phakathi iindawo. I-probe kufanele kwenkxamleko eninzi yaye akukho tyala akuthethi ukuthi xumbu kwayo phantsi kwaye ukuhamba ngokukhululekileyo. Ngomhla umdibaniso ububanzi uphenyo, kuquka ethubeni ngokupheleleyo, kwaye sichazwa ngokuthi yobukhulu balo.

YoLungiso-sandi lweSihambisi and Verification KMD

terminal Plane umlinganiselo ubude ibaluleke kakhulu ubungakanani transfer chain oluneqela elinegunya ubude isampula (meter): bona yenethiwekhi oluzinzileyo izinto rhoqo ubukhulu.

Ukudlulisa imitha reference kabani isiseko ubude yomtshangatshangiso wokukhanya, ngamanyathelo yesiphelo reference ubude udlula imilinganiselo ukuphazamiseka enzonzobila. Ngoko ke, umlinganiselo eqhelekileyo zobude, endingowakhe iklasi C. koko, ngokutsho wesekethe yongqanianiso, ukuba utshintshela amanye amanyathelo.

Ngokuhambelana kunye njongo ephambili ye KMD (ukuqinisekisa umlinganiselo nangokusulela zobukhulu ubude standard) zenzelwe scheme Ukulinganiswa. Ukulungiselela iinjongo ezifanayo ukuvelisa amanyathelo ubude ezahlukeneyo kwezikhundla nokuchaneka kunye neeklasi. YoLungiso-sandi lweSihambisi kwamanyathelo ubude (terminal, moya-ngaxeshanye) inabela izixhobo ezikhethekileyo.

yenziwe ngokukhethekileyo I yokuqala kubo owavela micrometer. Wayebalasele ichanile eliphezulu. Njengoko iminyaka ihamba, ukuphuculwa izixhobo. Namhlanje, ukumnika iziphumo ngendlela ephezulu akusekho lwepaki. iilebhu amaninzi izixhobo zovavanyo. Ngaphezu koko, KMD ngokulula ukuqinisekisa kwandiswe ezenza kunye photoelectric comparators ukuba kuwonke-wonke. Kwaye ke iindlela ekuqhubeni imilinganiselo kwezi zixhobo ixesha elide wasebenza. Abaxhamla kule ndlela kukuba ukwenza lula amanyathelo sandi yesekethe ubude. Kancinci amaphutha izixhobo iindleko eziphezulu ingqalelo kunye neemfuno phezulu kwi izakhono iingcali abasebenza nabo. Kwaye ke isiphoso. Yinto encinane kangangokuba kwezinye izixhobo imilinganiselo khangela nzima ngokwaneleyo.

Iindlela eziphambili zokuqinisekisa

Iindlela zokuqinisekisa, kukho izinto ezine:

- ngqo ixabiso womlinganiselo elimisiweyo.

- imilinganiselo ngqo elinikiweyo.

- Ukuthelekisa kunye ukubandakanyeka comparator.

- Uthelekiso ngqo kunye nomgangatho.