Mgaqweni of Chernobyl: Iziphumo kwi ntlekele zenyukliya ezoyikekayo

Ebusuku ukusuka kuma-25 ukuya -26 ku-Epreli 1986 , kwakukho embi intlekele eyenziwe ngumntu kwimbali yoluntu - kukuqhushumba isityalo samandla enyukliya, nto leyo ke iyathelekiswa ubukhulu kunye ukuhlasela 20 Hiroshima ngo-1945. Ngosuku lokuqala ithamo radiation yaba ngaphezu kwama-400 X-ray - eli nqanaba sesichengeni luthathwa lunokubulala. Emva kweentsuku nje ezimbalwa ithamo exposure ngaphaya 600 000 ixabiso umda.

Ukuze radiation alunasiphumo kwi kwimpilo yabantu, kuyimfuneko ukuba eli nqanaba ingadluli-X-reyi 2 ngonyaka ngamnye. Inqanaba radioactivity nje wothuswa lonke ihlabathi. Kweli nqaku makhe sithethe izibakala Chernobyl anomaly.

Indlela kwenzeka

Phakathi nokuhlola, ukugcina iinkqubo zokhuseleko likaxakeka ombane zikhubaziwe. Ngenxa yezizathu ezingaziwayo, bekukho ukwanda kwiyunithi yesi-4: ekubhobhozeni radiation enamandla lathumela esibhakabhakeni. abacimi ezifikayo wokuqala waqala ukulwa umlilo, nto leyo ixesha elide kakhulu abazange bavumele-lokulwa. abacimi-mlilo banxiba iisuti ezikhethekileyo anti-radiation. Bonke bafumana ezibulalayo ithamo wafa kwimitha ngosuku olulandelayo. Kuyinto ngenxa aba bantu bakwazi ukuthintela dubulo yesibini, nto leyo nje zimke ebusweni bomhlaba onke amazwe aseYurophu.

Emva kweeyure 30, oko baqalisa baphume ucaphula abemi kwedolophu eChernobyl kunye Pripyat, nto leyo neekhilomitha ezi-3 ukusuka iChernobyl amandla enyukliya. Ngaphezu 145.000 abahlali kwiveki yokuqala bayishiya okungayi. Yiloo nto yaba eyaziwa ngokuba nobakhe isityalo.

Iintsuku ezimbalwa ezilandelayo emva kwengozi, amafu uthuli radioactive zaze kumazwe angabamelwane: Belarus, eRashiya, Sweden kunye nakumazwe eBaltic.

Nokuhamba ukuya mgaqweni yendalo Chernobyl

abasemagunyeni Ukrainian ndiwuvulile ukufikelela abakhenkethi kwisixeko Pripyat, apho bathe emkhosini iminyaka, angene kuyo ngaphandle yokwamkelwa okhethekileyo umntu oqhelekileyo Yayingekho. Abakhenkethi babiza ukuba idolophu ghost, njengoko ezitratweni elahliwe, izakhiwo bamshiya kunye nezibonelelo zihlala zifana njengoko ngomhla kokukhutshwa ngobungxamo. Ukungena naliphi na ikhaya okanye ukwakha kwidolophu elahliwe, uziva i alarm ngokuzenzekelayo: yonke imikhondo iimali ukungxama kunye nefanitshala kwimeko entle.

Abakhenkethi bathanda yi iChernobyl anomaly kwihlabathi ezendalo nezezilwanyana, babalekayo ezahlukahlukeneyo amarhe. Kodwa kukho ubungqina bokuba izibakala.

Imiphumo ngozi kwi ecosystem

Abaninzi kwabo batyelela bendawo yokuthinta, esithi amehlo am ndabona izilwanyana mutated. Xa umhlaba, amanzi, umoya - yonke amanqanaba imitha ngaphezulu ixabiso ekhuselekileyo, nokuba engama-30 emva kwengozi.

Inqanaba lamanzi kwi the Pripyat River esoloko ukuhla. Namhlanje ke iisentimitha-20 kuphela. Oku kungenxa yokuba kule ndawo kukhona imvula encinane, yaye ebusika akukho ikhephu.

ihlathi Pine, abawabelwayo kwengqumbo yentlekele kuqala, ngoku ikhangeleka zalaba. Zibuyiselwe umbala omdaka-obomvu umbala wakhonza njengomthombo igama elitsha. Namhlanje ibizwa ngokuba Ginger ihlathi.

Kwiminyaka 90 kuthwalelwa phandle uhlolo amaxhama, leyo lwabonisa ukuba umgangatho atom emizimbeni yabo kugqithiwe izihlandlo 2000. In zesizukulwana sangoku izilwanyana, eli nani lehla laya amaxesha 10 ixabiso ezingaphezu eqhelekileyo. Phantse zonke izilwanyana ngalo mzuzu ayikho eyahlukileyo kakhulu ukusuka kunoogxa kwezinye iindawo.

Kodwa Chernobyl anomaly zingafunyanwa phakathi iintlanzi: ahluke inkangeleko engaqhelekanga kwaye ubunzima ukuya ngeekhilogram 80. Kukho albino ezininzi ehlabathini isilwanyana, emginya ibe umbala engaqhelekanga, wabonakala crane afihle, leyo kakhulu ezinqabileyo kubemi balo. Konke oku kubonisa utshintsho kweejini yezilwanyana ezinxulumene kwimitha. Ihlabathi liphela sithetha okungahambi eChernobyl. Photo imiphumo ebuhlungu yokusilela ziya thaca ngezantsi.

Vyacheslav konovalov, ingcali ezimeleyo wakwazi ukuhlangabezana ngexesha iChernobyl umkhankaso inkonyane inemilenze esibhozo, ihagu elineentloko amabini kunye nezilwanyana kunye zobukhulu umzimba ingafanelekanga. Izazinzulu ziqikelela ukuba kuyimfuneko ukuba kudlule amakhulu-8 ukuya eziphila ngokupheleleyo kususa radiation.

Indawo yokuhlala Red List of izilwanyana okungayi

Kunye okungahambi of eChernobyl kunye Pripyat kukho izinto ezintle kwi izilwanyana. Ngenxa yokuba kukho phantse akukho ndawo zezinto ezenziwa luluntu, izilwanyana zasendle baqalisa ukubuyela kwezi ndawo. Elk, ixhama, iihagu zasendle, lynxes, amabhere elimdaka, amaxhama nezinye izilwanyana ezininzi baqala ukuhlangana rhoqo, njengoko kwakunjalo kwiminyaka eli-100 eyadlulayo. Abaninzi kunye Red Book of izilwanyana ohlala kulo mmandla: ezimhlophe ezinomsila ukhozi, nengwamza omnyama, otter, nembila kunye nabanye.

Le uhlaza liye lakhula, akukho nto ezenziwe ngabantu. izilimo kunye cereal ongatshiyo Kukudla izilwanyana. Ukongeza, izilwanyana zijikeleza ngokukhululekileyo kulo mmandla kwindawo ekhuselweyo, kuquka ukulala kwizindlu bamshiya kunye neefama.

Abakhenkethi Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuba, ukuba kwindawo nokukhutshelwa - umncipheko yempilo ultimate ezinxulumene-zehambo: izilwanyana zasendle, kunye namanqanaba kwemitha ziyingozi.

Umngcipheko kwimpilo yabantu

Emva kokuba yengozi mgaqweni eChernobyl amandla enyukliya sichaphazele zeentsana bazalwa. abantwana 50,000 ibikwe bazalwa kunye ezingaqhelekanga kunye zofuzo.

Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, ngaphezu kwezigidi ezi-2.5 zabantu Ukraine babe neengxaki zempilo ngenxa intlekele yenyukliya ezenziwe ngumntu.

Ngowe-1987 wabuyela emva emzini malunga 1,200 ngabahlali, kuba behlala apha malunga 300 abahlali, ngubani na ifama part-time: bazityalele imifuno kunye bengabafuyi. Aba bantu baphila ivaliwe yaye musa ukundishiya ummandla ekhayeni lakhe kwaye musa ukuvumela izilwanyana.

Abanye abaphengululi banengcinga ezihlala kummandla ongaphandle mzi ukufuphi iChernobyl amandla enyukliya isityalo ayikho yingozi. Kodwa ukubuyiselwa kweziseko kumbindi, ukusuka kwindawo kwezoqoqosho lwembono, akucebiseki. Ngenxa yesi sizathu, eChernobyl kunye Pripyat kangangeenkulungwane ezininzi ziya kuhlala azalufanelekela ubomi babantu.

Mgaqweni of Chernobyl i ngenxa yobubi eyoyikekayo uluntu. Oku kuyinyaniso bokuba, nto leyo akwenzi ngqiqo ukuze baxabane. Zonke izinto eziphilayo eziye ekucaca ukuba radiation, ubunzima imiphumela emibi evela kuguquka afe. Kodwa ukusukela kwinqanaba radiation liyancipha nyaka ngamnye, ngoko impembelelo yayo phezu enezityalo nezilwanyana lifinyele. Ke ngoko yonke into ngokuthe ngcembe buya busiba zibuyele esiqhelweni. Nje Kulusizi ukuba ixesha elithathwayo kakhulu.