Mir Inqaba e Belarus - lwalo yembali etyeni

Mir Castle ise kwilali ezisedolophini Mir. Sikhoyo kwi kummandla Grodno. Le lesikhumbuzo yezakhiwo unique i iinqaba zokubonisela. Phambi 1568 abanikazi Ilyinich, ngoko - de 1828 - Radziwill. Emva kwabo, abanini yokuhlala Wittgenstein de-1891, abanini yokugqibela zakhiwo nqaba kwakukho Svyatopolk-Mirsky. Emva koku, i-Mir Castle, ifoto apho ziboniswa ngezantsi, wasiwa ukuchaza ubunini.

Overview

Eli bhotwe yezakhiwo igqalwa omnye izinto ezinkulu kakhulu lenkundla yonke imizekelo Abasindileyo Gothic Republic original of Belarus. Mirsky isakhiwo lwekeyboard a imilo isikwere zinamacala ngama-75 eemitha ubude kwaye kusengenziwa emasondweni ezinde. ukuphakama kwawo - 25-27 eemitha. Kumanqanaba okuqala zokwakha, eyathatha-4 iminyaka, oko wakha iinqaba ezine eziqhagamshelene eludongeni. Mir Castle ine Ubeko yokuqala. Towers zenziwe ngohlobo prism libe, imvelaphi inyuselwa khona, ke, phezu tetrahedral. Wall height ezahlukeneyo - ukusuka kwiimitha ezili-10 ukuya ku-12. Kwicala lasentshonalanga (endleleni eya Vilna) ukucwangcisa inqaba eliphakathi. Ngelo xesha lithile ekungeneni kuphela entendelezweni enqabeni, kwaye entolongweni kwendlu yakhe. Chapel zibekwe kumgangatho wesibini yenqaba leyo inde. Ivela apha phantsi le grille metal, leyo wakhusela emphinini isango.

Ubalo lweziganeko

Eli bhotwe yezakhiwo eyayibandakanyekile phantse kuzo zonke iziganeko yamajoni kanye wahlasela a ovuthuzayo lomlilo ilizwe Belarusian. Le maxesha luqala kwedabi Russian-Polish (1654-1667 GG.), Yaye iphela kunye Russian-French War (1812). Ngeli xesha kwesakhiwo senkolo ngaphezu kwesihlandlo phantsi ukulinyazwa zokungqinga. Ingakumbi mibi kuba lesikhumbuzo bokwakha waba minyaka 1665 no 1706. Ngelo xesha yena phantsi umonakalo omkhulu. Ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane XVIII Mir Castle yaphila, kwaye ngo-1784 zonakele kwakhona. Ngowe-1812 iindonga zakhiwo nqaba kwabakho ukulwa bathatha inxaxheba apho amahashe Davoust (yalelani French) kwaye zikhulisa yesibini Russian Army Platov. Ukususela ngowe-1989, umsebenzi wobugcisa ka original Gothic na isebe leSizwe Art Museum of Belarus. Ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane xxi zenzeka ngokutsha wamazwi lwe zakhiwo. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe kanjalo ukuba esi lesikhumbuzo bokwakha luvulelekile kubatyeleli. Ukuqaphela, utyelelo kwi-Mir Castle ixabisa 120 000 BYR. bagcobe. (Malunga 400 Russian). Ngowe-2001, kwisakhiwo zokwakha le myuziyam sinikwe iwonga elizimeleyo.

Mir Castle: imbali

sakhiwo yezakhiwo sisigqeba ilitye, isixa esininzi yakhiwa ngo XVI-XVII cc. Ngokutsho kweminye izazinzulu nabaphandi, ngaphambili kwi ndawo enye lalikhona neenkosi Manor. Le nqaba singqongwe indawo ethe tyaba, yaye umfula ugeleza Miranka ecaleni kwakhe. Umhla ngqo zolwakhiwo lesikhumbuzo izakhiwo ayaziwa kude kube ngoku. Nangona kunjalo, kukho amacebiso ukwakhiwa yayo akukho ekuqaleni konyaka 1522. Kwaba ngoko umnini lweengingqi - Yuriy Ilyinich - ukulawula-inventri zazo kunye nolwalamano impahla kunye Litavorom Hreptovichem.

Kutheni endiyimisileyo le ndlu?

Izazinzulu akakwazi ukuza kwisivumelwano malunga injongo yokuqala yokwakhiwa nqaba. Noko ke, umntu kucinga ukuba isakhiwo Gothic yakhiwa ngenxa yezizathu udumo, ingakumbi ngenxa yokuba ihlabathi kwilali ngaloo mihla, ithetha ukuba yindawo enoxolo. Noko ke, Ebubanzini bodonga lock (2 m phezu nasezantsi-3 m) kunye umaleko ezintathu-wamatye ezizodwa ezahlukeneyo ezenziwe ngezitena kunye namatye ezibonisa ubuchule elungileyo Uyalwa yonke ezintsonkothileyo. Kwinxalenye esezantsi olungaphambili izixhobo cut amakroba. Ezindongeni asentshona nasemantla kule galari ibekwe besilwa kunye izinyeliso enamandla pine. Ngelishwa, abanikazi yokuqala complex - Ilyinich - bengakwazi ukugqiba ukwakha, njengoko uhlanga lwabo lwaphazamiseka ngo-1568. Abanikazi ezintsha - Radziwill - lo msebenzi uqalwe. Ngenxa yomsebenzi wabo inkangeleko kwezakhiwo bafumana iimpawu uphawu le Renaissance. igalelo ekhethekileyo ubomi Mir Castle wazisa uNikolay Hristofor sithebeni. Ukuba ilifa usapho Radziwill, isakhiwo iqulathe ibhotwe ezinemigangatho-3, yenzelwe ngu Martin Zaborovsky.

Bayahlelwa lesikhumbuzo wezakhiwo

Ngowe-1655 esi sakhiwo sathathwa Cossacks ikhokelwa ngu Hetman Ivan Zolotarenko. Emva koko ukulwa ne-Russia, kunye ke IMfazwe Enkulu Northern phantse 80 iminyaka baye entshabalalweni kunye senkangala. Kuphela 30 kwinkulungwane XVIII Isakhiwo senkonzo yaphila, emva koko kwabonakala engundoqo iholo, ifoto gallery kunye negumbi lokudloba. Ukubuyisa wasindisa yaye "umyezo Italian". Ngowe-1785 Mir Castle weza Korol eliyi Agasti. Waye uyotywe yi ubuhle nobutyebi umhombiso embindini komkhulu. Ngowe-1813 eFransi, wafa prince yokugqibela ilifa usapho Radziwill - Dominik Geronim. Intombi yakhe - Princess Stephanie - waba ngumfazi Lva Vitgenshteyna. Waza ke waya Mir Castle ilifa. Emva kokufa Stephanie Lev Vitgenshteyn bafudukela eJamani. Unyana wakhe, ukuba engenabantwana, ocande ilifa entsonkothileyo yokwakha udade wayo Maria. Kodwa yena wayengakwazi ukuba umnini-propati ingenakususwa phantsi komthetho. Ngenxa yoko, i-complex wathengiswa Prince uNikolay Svyatopolk-Mirsky. Umnini omtsha waqalisa ngokutsha grand.

Le minyaka yasemva kwemfazwe

Emva kokubhalisa USSR, inxalenye yasentshona Belarus ngo-1939, i-isacholo bokwakha ukuba uhulumeni. De 1941 kwaba sokubambisana imveliso, kwaye ngexesha nomsebenzi lwamaNazi - a aqala babengakumaYuda kunye kamu amabanjwa emfazwe. Emva kokuba kukhululwe Belarus de 1956 abantu basekuhlaleni entsonkothileyo waphila. Oku inxenye kubonakala uhombiso langaphakathi le ebhotwe. Ukususela ngo-1947, ulwakhiwo iphantsi wokhuseleko karhulumente.

Wezakhiwo esimbaxa namhlanje

Mir Castle - oko indawo aqaqambe umdla weRiphabliki Belarus kunye nezibonelelo kubakhenkethi ephuhliswe kakuhle. Ukongeza, iindonga zidla imicimbi eyahlukeneyo yenkcubeko: jousts, imithendeleko, iikonsathi, iinkomfa kunye yeqonga kumabala emidlalo. Le nqaba complex - enye athandwa kakhulu yandwendwelwa abakhenkethi bamanye amazwe.