Museum of Architecture: iifoto kunye nohlaziyo. State Museum of Architecture ogama A. V. Schuseva

iimyuziyam Russian ibonisa imbali kunye langoku lwelizwe lethu. Bakwenza oku imiboniso nje kuphela, kodwa imeko yazo. Ngale ndlela, kuyinto umdla ekubeni kwi Vozdvizhenka e Moscow Museum of Architecture - indawo surreal ukuba ndwendwe eqhelekileyo. Iingcali (okanye nje abantu ezinxulumene iplani "ukufumana-kunye" abathile ngokunxulumene) uza kukuxelela ukuba yenye eyona esixekweni, kuba apha waqokelela ezininzi zakudala, linembali archive nakubugcisa waseSoviet kunye Russian.

History Museum

Kukho imyuziyam ukususela 1934, nangona ngenkulungwane ye-19, kukho imfuneko ukwenza oko. Esebenza ngayo (waza wamnika noovimba zabo) ziingcali eziphezulu kwi ithiyori, ukwenza kunye nembali izakhiwo. "Ukuphumla" apha kwanezinto azinakuze ezidlulileyo yembono - kukho ifayile kwi sesakhiwo Russia yamandulo, eqokelelweyo Petrom Baranovskim, umhlaziyi enkulu, kwakunye imizobo, wenza Ivanom Leonidovym, edume Abantu Commissariat le projekthi kwi-Red Square. Xa isikolo kazwelonke wayengomnye inomdla kakhulu ehlabathini.

A. V. Schusev

A. V. Schusev, ogama lakhe Museum of Architecture, kukho ititan kwicandelo lobugcisa. Bona sadalwa yamangcwaba uLenin kaThixo, kwakunye ezininzi izakhiwo angumqondiso USSR. Shchusev ke umqalisi yokuvulwa kwale ngeprofayili myuziyam ngo-1934, ingabekwa Academy of Architecture. Alexey, xa ngowe-1946, ngethuba ngenkxaso yakhe esebenzayo imyuziyam wabonakala phezu Vozdvizhenka, naye waba ngumlawuli wayo wokuqala (ukususela ngowe-1946 ukuya 1949). museum izakhiwo sele Shchusev kuphela ngelo xesha embindini lokucwangciswa kwedolophu kunye bokwakha ukuba ubume yophando lwenzululwazi.

ukwakheka imali

imali Formation kwaqala ngo-1934. Phantsi kwezi, avuleke zilandelayo kunye neendawo Antireligious Art Museum (kwisithuba ukususela 1929 ukuya 1934) ziye zidluliselwe: isakhiwo kunye kummandla Donskoy Monastery, lo iconography ezahlukeneyo yokuhlangana, neempahla ibandla, neecawa izambatho, namasango ezingcwele.

Funds kwi imi--1930-40 kakhulu iilebhile. Iingceba imbali yaqokelelwa neempawu. 1930 - ixesha ukutshatyalaliswa kunye ikele izakhiwo zembali. Kule myuziyam, ngaphandle iintlobo wempahla ikhaya izakhiwo zakudala ziye zidluliselwe.

Ngowe-1946, i-ubunini yadluliselwa izakhiwo ezindala welifa (ngenkulungwane ye-18 emva) talyzinykh-Ustinov. ilungiselelo yabo Vozdvizhenka, kufuphi ukuya yesicelo, uthi gentility owayesakuba abanini. Yangena isakhiwo Manor kunye "Chamber of ukondla" - ilitye lesikhumbuzo onge bokwakha kwenkulungwane ye-17, nto leyo refectory avumba limnandi eyadini. Ngenkulungwane yama-20, kumgangatho wesibini kwakukho isakhiwo ilitye overbuilt, yakhiwa ngo-1676.

Umntu kufutshane ekuhlaleni emyuziyam, ephawula ukuba imyuziyam zembali, ogama ngezakhiwo umdla kakhulu, kuba malunga engama-20 edlulileyo, ahlangabezana nobunzima kakhulu, kuba xa wayehlanganisene kwintsimi kudluliselwa kwiCawa yobuOthodoki yaseRashiya ngowe-1991, i-Donskoy Monastery. Yonke le minyaka, wahlala nje isithuba mboniso, njengoko phantse zonke iingqokelela agcinwe kule nasemagumbini.

Ukuvulwa mboniso esisigxina

isiganeko lokomfuziselo elingesiganeko sakutshanje, 19 Juni 2012. Ngaba baqhaqhe lolondolozo lwembali exposure rhoqo. Ukuze ubone ethule i into ekhethekileyo, abemi kulo lonke isixeko zathontelana ukuya kwisakhiwo mboniso. Apha iqala umtyeleli eqhelekileyo kwemiYalezo.

Architecture Museum ise entliziyweni mzi, xa talyzinykh kwibhotwe enkulu, izakhiwo imvelaphi yayo elandwa kwinkulungwane ye-18. Kwakhona iquka isakhiwo Manor, ebizwa ngokuba "Intshabalalo", kunye nesakhiwo-ngenkulungwane ye-17, apho umyalelo avumba limnandi. Phakathi kwezi zakhiwo kathathu kwintendelezo ezincinane, emalitshintshwe apha naphaya mboniso.

Inkcazelo lolondolozo lwembali

Into yokuqala uya kubona, kanye apha - i-ofisi nedawo engasese, elisekungeneni central engenanto. Iiglasi zamehlo ukwazi kakhulu iimyuziyam maxa wambi Russian. Olu ndwendwe, ngethemba ndinesityhilelo wezakhiwo umdla, kabukhali liphuma ukuya kumgangatho wesibini ezinyukweni ebhotwe - kwaye iwela Entle. Iya ku Infinity suite lonke iiholo engenanto, ngokungathi yokwenyani esipilini omkhulu.

Akukho ubaxo la magumbi ezingenanto, apho kukho imyuziyam imo lwezakhiwo: akukho lutho ngempela kodwa hung Ilula iindonga avuleke, ezifana iifoto zemidlalo ecingelwayo zamaRoma. Ngokutsho undwendwe esiqhelekileyo, ngoko namhlanje khangela igalari kusefashonini, olukuye eMoscow, ngoko kukho ezininzi, kodwa hayi iziko lophando ilizwe engundoqo kunye olondolozo bokwakha. Ngomdla, Noko ke, kuyabonakala medallions ngumthi ochweliweyo, isilingi painting kwi yophahla, cornices ukutyabeka, imikrolo eziphakamileyo, neendonga ezenziwe naziiperile ngumntu. Kodwa ngaphakathi ebhotwe lolondolozo lwembali efunyenweyo kunye isakhiwo. Bahlala phakathi kwinkulungwane yama-20 ziye zabuyiselwa yaye azithathwa, ngathi, imiboniso.

umboniso unique

iiholo ezimbini ezinkulu Juni 19, 2012 ziye zifakwe phantsi kwe mboniso osisigxina. Iyilelwe ukuba zingumqondiso savuka kulo myuziyam. Ngoku sithetha umboniso emangalisayo - imodeli (somthi) Big yesicelo Palace, nto leyo namhlanje ubeko inkulu ehlabathini. Kuye kwaqulunqwa ekuqaleni 1770 yee-, uthunywe uCatherine II Vasiliem Bazhenovym. ubude layout laliziimitha 17. Likhulu kangangokuba, ngokuyinene, ifuna ngumnquba eyahlukileyo; kule iiholo ezimbini ngentla ze-museum kuphela amaqhekeza aseleyo, nakuba enomtsalane kakhulu.

ukugxekwa

Namhlanje kuluntu ezizodwa mpikiswano langoku malunga imeko yangoku lwembali, kodwa ohambisana izifundo zakhe kunye nemiboniso kule indawo yokusebenzela nangoku malunga noku. Asizi ukuvakalisa uluvo engaqhelekanga, undwendwe non-zobungcali ukuba awunazo abasebenzi, izakhiwo kunye nezixhobo. Ezi ngxaki onke acacile kunjalo, bevakalise uvelwano kuphela ngokunyanisekileyo. Kodwa ndwendwe ingqalelo liya kuqaphela eziliqela phaku, kunye nendawo "zemali" lwembono, iinkcukacha ezingemnandi.

Ngokomzekelo, kubhaliwe esalelweyo lokufotha yobume Bazhenov. ban categorical - kuba akukho pay, nokuba ifowuni. Abasebenzi abakwazi ukuchaza kutheni, chaza wasungula. Nangona echazwe kwi blog zonke mfanekiso kunokubangela i iindwendwe ezimbalwa apha, kwaye intlawulo kuba - ukongeza kwi-ofisi kwibhokisi ihlwempu imyuziyam encinci imali.

Ayikwazi ungachazwa ubunzima kwezoqoqosho, kutheni yahlulahlulwe umyalelo avumba limnandi endala "nabayili okudlela", oko kukuthi, enyanisweni, indawo yokutyela sushi; kutheni, izimiso umoya "zinokuhonjiswa" olungaphambili, naphambi eqingqiweyo yamandulo iingonyama, kukho yokupaka kwi okulala. Bas, lwahamba nommandla wayo kunokuba ngokungakhethiyo - ubungqina yokunqongophala kwenkxaso-mali, isithuba.

D. S. Hmelnitsky, umphandi lwezakhiwo, ugxeke imyuziyam ngenxa yokungabikho naluphi na uhlobo iye systematized ulwazi malunga mali kunye nengqokelela (ngo-1991 yapapashwa ikhathalogu lokugqibela weendawo), kwakunye inkqubo entsonkothileyo kakhulu ukufikelela abaphandi kunye ngembali kwi-mpepha. Melnikov yoMyuziyam nesebe moire. intlokoma Great ngehlobo lowe-2014 kwabangela imeko kwii labaqeshwa balo kungekho ezihlangwini Melnikov, ohlala apho.

Museum Foundation

Museum ezizodwa lokuqala nakubugcisa kuphela Russian. Kodwa amagosa eziqokelelwe izinto zokufunda uyilo zale mihla kunye namabali, imifanekiso ukuthatha, ukwenza imilinganiselo, lacazulula inguqu kunye nophuhliso lomgaqo-nkqubo lwedolophu. Ngenxa yoko le Moscow Architecture Museum liye laqokelela-mali enkulu, nto leyo namhlanje phantse onke iifoto ezaziphila ukuba plinfy eSt Sophia, ukususela amaxwebhu kuyilo lweentlobo ezahlukeneyo sezakhiwo obukhulu kuzo izixhobo zokwakha.

Fund idiphozithi

fund Museum phakathi ku-1980 wongezelela ingqokelela nanto. Lo archive Baranovskogo Petra Dmitrievicha, i umhlaziyi ngamazwi kunye umakhi leSoviet. Ukususela ngo-1984, le fayile phantse akukho uphando - akukho iingcali ixesha elaneleyo. ziimyuziyam nakangako-uphando ihlabathi abaza kufunda izizukulwana ezininzi izazinzulu.

Ngo-1990, lifikile ixesha lembandezelo, nto leyo lifumana isenguye Moscow Museum of Architecture. Namhlanje, lo msebenzi ophambili - ukusombulula ingxaki engxamisekileyo obungozi. Olu ndwendwe namanje unokuthekelela kuphela ukuba ubukhulu leyo idla beqokelela le myuziyam, ecinga ngokuxelwa iincwadana bakhe ibali.

Architecture ne Museum Life

Nolwazi inkcubeko umdla kakhulu. Ukuba unomdla bokwakha, sinako icebise ukuba atyelele Museum of Folk Architecture ne zoBomi, ibekwe kwidolophana Pond e Belarus. Kwinkcazelo oko umdla kakhulu. Folk Architecture ne Museum zoBomi uya umazi Izakhiwo zokuhlala kunye nolawulo, iindawo zonqulo, izakhiwo zoluntu. Yena recreates ubomi yamahlwempu le-19 - kwinkulungwane yama-20.