National Park Altyn-Emel. Eyona inkulu Indawo yokuGcina izilwanyana e Kazakhstan

Eli nqaku ubalisa ibali inkulu egciniweyo Kazakhstan ekuthiwa Altyn-Emel. Le ibekwe phezu kwamaxandeka le kummango Jungar Alatau. Le ndawo reserve yi 460 lamawaka eehektare. Park wadalwa ukuze kulondolozwe izityalo ezinqabileyo kunye nezilwanyana.

Beka National Park Indawo

Ebekelwe bucala ibekwe 150 km ukusuka ekuthiwa Alma-Ata (Kazakhstan). Le ibekwe phezu kodonga lasekunene Ili River, bathimba inxalenye esemntla Kapchagai ichibi.

Ukuba ugqiba ukundwendwela epakini, ngoko ekugqibeleni ke nanku umbuzo: kuthekani ukufikelela Altyn-Emel? Kapchagay - idolophu ekufutshane kulo myezo, lisebenza iilori ukusuka Alma-Ata. Okulandelayo kufuneka uye ngemoto ecaleni Kapchagai ichibi ukuya ndawo kwinombolo enye. City Kapchagay (ummandla Alma-Ata) use ngeekhilomitha ezili-160 ukusuka Almaty. Yonke indlela eya epakini, ngokubanzi, kuya kukuthatha iiyure ezingaphezu kwesithathu. Kakade ke, indlela akakwazanga ukusondela kakhulu, kodwa kuyimfuneko ukuloyisa, ukubona ezinika eyodwa reserve, unikwe ukuba ubudala abanye babo kwiminyaka engaphezu kwe-2500 ubudala, kwakunye lingqina amarhamncwa zazenziwe neentaka. ungaya kwi Alma-Ata kwaye ukuya reserve bendinyuka ukuya kuwo umzi Kapchagay, amalungiselelo ngokwako uhambo imini xa oyifunayo.

Kodwa kukho nenye indlela, acandacanda zo-Ozek, apho, edlula i lokuphumelela Altyn-Emel, unako ukufikelela kalinino. Indlela evela Alma-Ata kwiziko welifa kuthatha malunga ezintandathu iiyure, oko wolula ngeekhilomitha-320. Olu khetho elide ngakumbi - uhambo luya kuthatha iintsuku ezintathu ukuya kwezintlanu. Nangona kunjalo, ngeli xesha uya kukwazi ukubona ezinika edume yale paka: Mount Aktau, Katy Tau zesanti ecula, iminyaka engamakhulu asixhenxe willow endala kunye nezilwanyana ezinqabileyo.

History of indalo

State National Park Altyn-Emel yasekwa ngo-1996 ngokwesiseko Kapchagai Hunting. Indlu enkulu Manor ise kwilali kalinino. Kuye Alma-Ata (Kazakhstan) ngumgama oziikhilomitha ezingama-250. I-Reserve ibanga neekhilomitha amathathu ukusuka emantla ukuya emazantsi ukusuka empuma kuye entshona ngaphezu kwamakhulu amabini.

Loo igama Reserve elihle ndafumana sizathu, iye iingcambu yamandulo kwaye Mongolian aliguqulelwanga njengoko "undim yegolide". Kukho banentsomi yokuba uthi ngehlobo lowe-1219 amajoni yayingeyiyo Genghis Khan kaThixo sawela intlambo, ukufudukela ekoyiswa Central Asia. Ukutshona kwelanga, kwabonakala ngathi isali segolide ezintabeni kunye umphathi ingca ebhalwe. Kwaye okunene, ukuba ukhangela ngokusondeleyo, umphandle kwingxingwa Altyn-Emel eneneni ziyindawo isali.

Kwi ipaki kukho iintlobo-mhlaba: ukusuka iintlango sandy ezintabeni. Ukongeza, i-Reserve idume ezikhumbuzo yembali yenkcubeko.

yeeNgquzu ukucula

Ukucula zendunduma i zendunduma isanti eliphezulu (100 metres) ubude ngaphezu kweekhilomitha ezintathu. Got igama layo ngenxa ukuba ngamanye amaxesha kuye zisathe eshukuma hum ukuba akuphuhlanga kakuhle embhoxo isandi omzimba. Ngoko ke ingoma Singing Dune weva ukuba leekhilomitha. kuvela Sound kwi mzuzu xa iinkozo qhagamshelana omnye - kukho ukukrikriza etyhafile, kunye nesandi ekhululekile ngakumbi ozalwa zemimoya olomeleleyo. Kodwa umculo yeendunduma nga sivakele xa imozulu izolile. Amanyathelo kwaso unobangela zochuku phakathi kweengqakumbana, nto leyo ekhokelela ukuba isandi engaqhelekanga. Nangona zybuchest yoKutya kwaselwandle musa kuleli, kwaye eminyaka ezininzi epakini.

ilejendi Local uthi phantsi kungcwatywa Genghis Khan yena amajoni akhaliphileyo yakhe, kwaye yeendunduma le yeendunduma isanti iqala ukucula, xa Khan uxelela kwinzala yezenzo zakhe ezinkulu.

Aktau

Natural Park Altyn-Emel iqulathe izinto ezikhethekileyo, enye yazo Aktau. Oku iintaba itshokwe Cenozoic xesha, ebandakanya ngodongwe kokutyatyekwa kwayo, apho umoya namanzi kumawaka eminyaka ukuba imngene anamandla ezingaqhelekanga.

Olona phawu iphambili yale ndawo ukungabikho ngokupheleleyo ubuncinane izityalo ezithile, nto leyo iba ezifana yembonakalo kwenyanga. Ezi iintaba luphawulwa kumathambeka kunye omzimba womelele ngokwaneleyo ngenxa yeemvula zokunyanzelisa kunye Udaka. Aktau to Altyn-Emel - ihlabathi edumileyo dipozithi ezikhethekileyo ngezidalwa zamandulo. Le neetyuwa chibi afumaneka iintsalela kakuhle abalondolozwa zezilwanyana ezifana njengoko lomkhombe isigebenga, iingwenya, amahobe, ezizingelayo zamandulo, iminyaka yabo kuqikelelwa kwi minyaka izizigidi 25-30 ubudala. Hayi kude Aktau na Katutau kunye neentaba.

ntaba Katutau

Iintaba I elula ukusuka emazantsi-ntshona ukuya emntla-mpuma ngohlobo xitsunga esentabeni kunye iincopho eluhlobo liyinkangala. Kumathambeka bayakube linani elikhulu imiwonyo ongenamanzi. imivumbo Bright blue pestreyut yelitye lentlabathi calcareous nodongwe ebomvu. Igama elithi "Katutau" lithetha "kwimixawuka yeentaba."

Kukholelwa ukuba kwixesha Permian kanye le ndawo yaba mlilo ezimbini. Eneneni, ezintabeni iqanjwa ngokupheleleyo, udaka kunye nezinye mlilo. Kwakhona, kukho sibange emhlabeni, nto leyo zizaliswe daka. Kwaye kwasekwa ngexesha inyikima ngoxa uqhuba layers ehamba. Ubude ezinye kuzo iikhilomitha ukuya kwezisibhozo. Kumantla zeengxondorha Aktau kunye Katutau walondoloza njengangaphambili yamandulo Tethys Ocean, abawabelwayo uhlobo iimilo ezintsonkothileyo.

Kalkany

Kalkany ezincinane nezinkulu - a massif Palaeozoic, nto leyo luphawulwa intshabalalo kakhulu zeengxondorha. Ngaphandle - ke iintaba kakhulu elimfiliba ephantsi ukuba umxokise emazantsi park Altyn-Emel. Ayikho into ethandekayo, ingakumbi nje, kodwa ibekwe phakathi Kukuculwa Dune edumileyo.

Besshatyr

Besshatyr nto ke iziza ezizodwa zakudala. Zibizwa amangcwaba royal - ukungangcwatywa iinkokeli kaSara VII-III kwiinkulungwane BC. Zokungqinga yayibiyelwe uhlobo isangqa menhirs, ezo ngandlel ezifanayo ngamatye edume Stonehenge. Kule ntlambo 31 ukungcwaba zokungqinga, ezona zinabantu ufikelela ubude 17 ubudeki balo - 108 eemitha. Le oosonzululwazi bafumanisa ukuba amanxiwa kwiinkokeli kaSara kuzo. Zokungqinga ezi kumangcwaba ookumkani. Xa intaba anamandla bafumana yonke igalari imizobo iliwa ndawo wokuzingela kunye nezilwanyana.

Ili

Park Altyn-Emel lo mfula iphambili, nto leyo nayo umda ebekelwe bucala - i River Ili. Iqala ezweni China. Lo mfula ukutya exutyiweyo.

spring ngomkhukula Easy iqala, ngokuqhelekileyo ngo-Epreli. Ngu meltwater ntaba ikhephu ngoMeyi, kukho izikhukula, engaquki liwele ngoJulayi nango-Agasti. Ke iqala ukuhla kancinane amanzi, kunye nexabiso eqhelekileyo bunikwa ngoSeptemba. Ebusika, umlambo ngumkhenkce iinyanga ezimbalwa.

sezulu

Imozulu yi kabukhali entlango lizwekazi, yingqele ngokwaneleyo, ubusika ezomileyo kunye nehlobo ezishushu. Isixa omkhulu imvula iwela ngo-Apreli nangoMeyi. lobushushu Umyinge degrees 4-5.

Park Altyn-Emel: lwemvelo

flora yokugcwala siquka izityalo elinesihlanu lamakhulu, ezinye zazo enqabileyo yaye adweliswe kwiNcwadi oluBomvu. ebezisoloko wabalasela kunye nezinto ezingcwele: Silene Muslim, Alberta amahle, astragalus Kopal, kahris umalusi, amanzi equkuqela Vitali.

Uninzi izityalo epakini kufuneka iipropati luncedo. Kwaye abaninzi ukutya zasendle. Fruits and imbewu zidliwa beempuku kunye neentaka, kunye Pagon - ayabulala izilwanyana. Gqitha lo iintsiba lasempuma, Atraphaxis tshitshilili, umhlonyane belozemelnaya kunye nabanye. Kukho izityalo amayeza, izityalo nobusi, neoli kubalulekile.

kulona

Izinambuzane yedwa kwi reserve kukho iintlobo ezingaphezu kwama-5000. Kwezi, iintlobo-25 zidweliswe ezisengozini. Oku iintethe, ethandaza mantises, oohlabamanzi, amabhungane njalo njalo. D.

Ekuyo yale paka nalo kakhulu ezahlukahlukeneyo. I Kapchagai ichibi uhlala iintlobo zeentlanzi amabini, ezintathu kuzo izezo zifumaneka apha kuphela. Izirhubuluzi reserve emelwe iintlobo 25: copperhead, Alai ablepharus, inyoka bafaniswe, emathafeni agama, utolo-inyoka kunye nabanye.

Of kwiintaka ezimakhulu mabini abahlala apha, indlu ngaphakathi kummandla okhuselweyo 174, kunye ne-18 zidweliswe zisemngciphekweni: idada ferruginous, nengwamza omnyama, Indwe ezingwevu, eagle yegolide, inyoka njengexhalanga, elineentshebe, ihobe elimdaka, isikhova, nguPallas intlabathi icula, bustard, ihobe emdaka.

Ngomhla kummandla Altyn-Emel, kukho ngaphezu asixhenxe ezanyisayo, phakathi kwawo kukho iintlobo ezisixhenxe ezisemngciphekweni: tubal, marten ebomvu, otter, ikhephu ingwe, Tien shan emfutshane entabeni, -esile lasendle. I-Reserve buzinze inabantu abaninzi kwamagogo asemaweni, namabhadi, nehlosi ikhephu. Nalapha kukho ungulates bade-Umbala - deer, yiSAIGA, iihagu zasendle, neenkunzi zezimvu zibe zasendle.

Ngaphakathi reserve bahlala nasezimfanteni partridges rocks nesakhwatsha. Oku neentaka ezintle eziphambili aphilisayo lo mhlaba awuniki zeentaba. La zehla inokusityeda kakhulu kwaye msinya phakathi kwamatye, ukulubaleka progalinki kwi progalinku ngeli phezulu kunkqangaza, amalungiselelo ingxolo eninzi-yaveza. Partridges, njengokuba umthetho, kunqabile ukundiza, ezimbalini nje ukusuka engxondorheni ebalelelwe lilanga, ukutsiba imiqobo. Ukuba soyikiso, bona kakhulu enomoya uze ucwangcise phezu zicandeke izihlambo, ngaloo ndlela ukuzama balekela kotshutshiso.

abemi ebalulekileyo entabeni yasekhaya Swallows. Kwaye phezu kweendonga enkulu yamatye zifumaneka ngamaxesha stenolaz, le ntaka intle, likhona njenge ibhabhathane. UAlesandire kwamaphiko akhe ezimfusa-omnyama, bakhangeleka ngathi amabhabhathane ezingaqhelekanga.

phezulu kakhulu ezintabeni omiweyo yi njengexhalanga zeHimalaya A. Kunjalo oko ku Kazakhstan ekuthiwa Kuma. Ndimele ndithi ukuba le ntaka yenye ezintathu ezidla inkulu ehlabathini. World of intaka reserve esisityebi kunene, ngenxa yokuba iindawo ezahlukeneyo kakhulu zendalo nommandla wayo, ukususela yasethafeni eliyinkqantosi kunye neentaba nesiphelo.

Iinzame paki yesizwe abaqeshwa balo wasindisa iyantlukwano ziyaphila kunye nohlobo ezingaphiliyo.

ukhenketho

Okwangoku, i-National Park kuthatha i amaqela uhambo esebenzayo endaweni yayo. Kwaye ixesha lokuhamba yahluke kakhulu. Uhambo imfutshane - ngosuku. Noko ke, ukuze ubone zonke izinto, kufuneka uchithe elininzi ixesha elininzi.

Ixabiso egciniweyo for Kazakhstan liphezulu kakhulu, ngokuba benza ukugcinwa ezanyisayo ezisengozini. Ukongeza, indawo yale paka ibe yovavanyo umsebenzi esebenzayo kwi ekulondolozweni izilwanyana kwezi ndawo elide. Ngenxa amanyathelo olondolozo esebenzayo kunye ekulweni ngokungemthetho ngebhadikazi reserve zeso ngaphandle koloyiko. Nokuba phakathi kwenkulungwane XX, kwakukho elinesibini sibini, kwaye ngoku myezo likhaya loMmandla inabantu abaninzi.

Ngowe-2003, ukuqala umsebenzi esisebenzayo ngokubuyiselwa nature ihashe zasendle Przewalski, owanyamalala e Kazakhstan ngenkulungwane XVIII. Noko ke, le projekthi kwaba nzima gqitha, kuba ilizwe namantshontsho okuqhelekileyo zizula reserve ukuba amahashe ezininzi ethintela ukususwa uhlobo ecocekileyo.