Ncomo indlu Isakhelo-iphaneli abanini, nobuchwepheshe zokwakha

Indlu kufuneka ibe kakuhle intsapho, kunye noyilo wayo kufuneka athathe ingqalelo iminqweno onke amalungu ayo. Emva ekwenzeni mzobo kufuneka iprojekthi eneenkcukacha. Oko odolwa wezakhiwo okanye ukusetyenziswa software ezizodwa.

Isiseko kunye nomthwalo-ethwele izinto yezindlu isakhelo-panel zenziwa kwisiza, kwaye wenza ibandla layo, njengoko engaxhaswanga sabantwana - eyenziwe imveliso iimodyuli. Mazingabhidaniswa kunye nezinye izakhiwo ngokukhawuleza sakhiwe indlu Isakhelo-panel. Izimvo yabanini zibonisa ukuba ulwakhiwo ubuchwepheshe apha yahluke kakhulu kwaye ifuna nenqanaba eliphezulu lobungcali emsebenzini. modules Kugqityiwe inokuba ngohlobo panels amancinci okanye izigaba zendibano izityalo. Oku kwenza ngokukhawuleza kwaye kungcono ukuba akhe izindlu isakhelo-panel. Le ifoto ingezantsi ibonisa ukumisa indlela udonga ogqityiweyo.

Yintoni ukufuna xa ukwakha indlu

Kuqala kwinto zonke, phambi kokuba ukwakhiwa indlu kuyimfuneko ukuchaza injongo yayo. Izakhiwo zokuhlala zamaxesha isigxina zahluke kakhulu. Zonke iinkcukacha zifakwe kuyilo yalungisa kwixesha elizayo kuya kuba nzima yaye zibiza imali eninzi.

Ngaphambi kokuba kwakhiwe indlu isakhelo-panel, kufuneka ufunde iimpawu zayo. OyiNtloko phakathi kwabo ilibandla isakhiwo igqityiwe ngaphandle podpilok kunye naphaya.

panels

Izimvo zezindlu skeleton-isihlangu ne iiphaneli iqebengwana kubonisa ithuba yokufumana ezisezingeni ngexabiso elifanelekileyo. Kunokuba nzima ukuvelisa izinto i ubuncinane umaleko ezintathu-element kunye iqokobhe ngqongqo kwaye ubushushu engaphakathi kwandiswa istro, fiberglass okanye uboya bezimbiwa. Inxalenye engaphandle wenziwe fiberboard, isinyithi, Polymer kunye drywall. iimveliso Ukukhanya asetyenziswa Ukufakelwa kophahla, kwaye ukusuka iindonga zokwazisa nzima nakwiisilingi.

Kuxhomekeka neempawu zolwakhiwo iiphaneli isangweji ziyaxhonywa ngeendlela ezimbini ezahlukeneyo. Kwimeko yokuqala, ukuba zibekwe phakathi kwezibonda yesakhelo ogqityiweyo.

Ukuba nedawo iqukiwe umzimba lenjongo, kubhaliwe shelwe series afaka kumgangatho asebumelwaneni. Kwiziza aloo mzi, ungenza ngokukhawuleza sidibanise izindlu isakhelo-panel (ifoto ngezantsi).

Abakhi nangoko iseti ulungele, isakhiwo yonke idaliwe ukusuka apho, ukusukela iiphaneli udonga yokufeza nophahla. Le phakeji yokufunda kungabandakanya izixhobo zokufudumeza, imibhobho, ukukhanyisa kunye nezinto pops up.

Yintoni kungcono ukukhetha indlu isakhelo-panel? abanini Ukubuyekezwa zibonisa bonke iingenelo zabo nezingalunganga. Kuba isakhiwo nganye Isalathisi ebalulekileyo sisoloko isiseko.

Kukhethwa isiseko

Ukwakhiwa kwezindlu isakhelo-panel oluqhutywa imigangatho 1-2. Amaxesha amaninzi phantsi eliphezulu ukwenza mansard. Akudingi ithoyilethi isiseko esinamandla indlu enjalo. Kusenokuba yimfuneko ukuba uceba ukubeka ezantsi ongaphantsi okanye egaraji komhlaba. Eyona ezahlukeneyo uqhelekileyo iziseko yezindlu ukukhanya: ibhanti melkozaglublenny, columnar okanye ezazivela iibhloko eziphathekayo. Izimvo zezindlu ibhodi isakhelo-panel abonisa ukuthembeka isiseko esijijwayo yingqumba. Oko kuhlanganisana iiyure ezimbalwa kunye ngoncedo lobugcisa kwaye ngoko nangoko ukwakha.

Kuzo zonke iimeko, kufuneka udale njenge isiseko njengesakhelo engqongqo. Ukuze wenze oku, ngumcu iziseko zithe ngakumbi, xa columnar kusetyenziswa grillage monolithic kunye neebhloko ngokuqinileyo kukhuselwe kwefestile wendlu. Ngokutsho iikhowudi isakhiwo uqhagamshelwano kufuneka kuzo zonke iimeko.

Inqwaba iqhosha lemenyu fixed nangoko ipleyiti emazantsi amaplanga.

device isakhelo

Kazimele eyenziwe ngomthi (njenge esebenzayo nefikelelekayo) lusetyenziswa kakhulu.

ukwakhiwa metal lula, kodwa iyabiza nangakumbi 35-45%. Ukuze ifreyimi into engcono emterebhintini. Ezinye iintlobo zemithi ezifanelekileyo kwakhona ukuba umgangatho ulungile. Uyilo ezikwaziyo ubuncinane inani zokubopha yesinyithi. Kuba oku ukusetyenziswa ezimbombeni uchwetheze compound "vpoldereva" okanye "ulwimi kunye groove" nezikhonkwane ngomthi. Zonke ukuxhumana ukupheyiva jute ukuba akukho kwo thermal.

Kuba ngqongqo lomhlaba endlwini ebekwe ezikhaphukhaphu ubuncinane ezithathu.

technology Construction: kwindlu isakhelo-panel

Ithekhnoloji iquka isakhiwo owandulelayo isiseko, nto leyo efunekayo ukuze wenze yonke imithetho, nakuba umthwalo encinane.

Ukwakhiwa isiseko

Kuqala kwinto zonke, ilungiswe emhlabeni tyaba kwaye nezikhonkwane ubungakanani kunye ukuthwala lwangaphakathi neendonga ukumakisha. Okulandelayo, kunokwembiwa ngezantsi umgca iqabaka le. Emazantsi uzaliswe kwaye zilinganisiwe ngomaleko isanti, apho inyanda wenza nokubethelela iintsika nokufakela nabo emingxunyeni. Emva koko imvelaphi inyuselwa isiseko formwork isihlenga, kwaye kwakha ebuhlanti wezifundo. Kufuneka ezinxulumene kweentonga amalungiselelo nasemaquleni. Ngaphesheya formwork kufuneka abeke umbhobho ezimfutshane mingxuma umoya uze usete namaqhosha tye ukufumana isithuba ngoncedo lwabo, imiqadi yokubopha. Uchitha ufumba eziphathekayo kunye imfumba cap kungcono kwenziwa ngaxeshanye, ukuba uqhagamshelwano monolithic. Kufuneka kwakhona ilungiselelwe isithuba kwangaphambili yenkxaso lag kwaye osetyenziselwa esenziwe ikhonkrithi yabo eseleyo.

Xa Kwathi isiseko yonxibelelwano melkozaglublennom phakathi emhlabeni phakathi ziimfumba. Kulo mzekelo, zokubambisa e grillage angafunekiyo. imibhobho yamanzi kufuneka ube ngaphantsi kwenqanaba qhwa. Ukuba ngaba peremerzali ebusika, xa nqanaba eliphezulu, kufuneka ifudumale.

Emva Ukuqinisa isiseko eziphathekayo isihlenga endaweni screed. Top wamenza amanzi bhitumene etyhidiweyo kwaye izaleko ezimbini engumxube ezifulelwe.

Le isakhelo yenziwe ngolandelelwano ilandelayo: umtya osezantsi, yemiqadi yokuhlanganisa, kwezibonda, komzila wenethiwekhi eliphezulu, yemiqadi yokuhlanganisa floor, inkqubo truss.

Ukufakelwa kwefestile

Kwisiseko elungelelaniswe zingangenwa enamathela lamanqanaba ezimbini engumxube nophahla, Bha eDibanisa okuninzi ye square icandelo cross (120 mm okanye 150 mm). Le ukubola iinkuni isale. Xa ukungabikho kwalo ukuya 10% yobhedu okanye sulfate yentsimbi. Yamluma ukuzenza isiseko senziwe 2 m yangaphakathi engaphambili okulungiswe eziphathekayo. Kufuneka ukumelana ubunzima yonke indlu kwaye ube namandla ngakumbi njengoko ukubala imithwalo. Xa iimbombo compound kusetyenziswa vpoldereva okanye ulwimi kunye isisele. Horizontality le esibophelelayo kuvavanywa kwinqanaba. Ukongeza, le uzimisele ubukhulu oxwesileyo.

Ukubeka lag

Ibeka zenziwa iibhodi ukuba zixhonywe emphethweni nge 0,6 m. Ezi ntsika ke uphoswe kwangaphambili. Ukuba akunjalo, kuyimfuneko ukuba sizakugrumba umngxuma kubunzulu-1 m, nto leyo lifakwa elifutshane ityhubhu ubukhulu mkhulu kwe-100 mm kwaye uzaliswe ebambekayo baza baphakamisa ulawula ukuphakama ngentambo nangengalo. Umgama phakathi exhasa ezikufuphi nayo 1.2 m. Logs zifunjwe phezu komcu iziseko. Emva koko umgangatho lugubungela ngokupheleleyo yonke ezantsi iqokobhe. Xa yemiqadi yokuhlanganisa pier isiseko kufuneka zibekwe phezu awayezinxibile. Kwakhona kuyenzeka vpoldereva lwabo uqhagamshelwano lokufumana isikhundla kwinqanaba elifanayo. Inxalenye nakumphezulu lag kufuneka zibekwe kwi-moya tyaba efanayo njengoko kwinqanaba kolawulo. izakhiwo zomthi zenziwe umbandela lowo yaba inani elifanayo lokwanda.

Ukufakelwa ntsimbi zilapha phezulu kunye cantrail

Yokubeka ibekwe phezu 0.6 m, ukuze ukuba lula ukunyusa iindonga panel.

Xa iimbombo nesakhelo ukwenza isicwangciso bar enamandla ngaphezu 100x100 mm. Ukuze inqumle iinzipho zakhe ekufumaneni kwizibiyeli-120 mm. Phakathi, wabeka ngamaplanga okanye iintsika. Window kunye umnyango zivula akhiwa kwangaphambili kwi enqwelwaneni isangweji.

Ntsimbi zilapha phezulu ezidibene phezulu omnye komnye ezweni. zayo ezibonakalayo kunye nendlela sokuthimba iyafana emazantsi.

imiqadi Floor

ubude imiqadi kuphela 6 m. A kweminwe 3-4 m encinane kwakudibana iibhodi 50h150 mm. Bona zixhonywe kumda ongentla awayezinxibile. Xa imiqadi ngokwandisa kulingana nokulingana inyuswe ukuya 100 mm. Ngokufuthi ziyaxhonywa inkqubo truss kophahla.

ufakelo kweendonga

Iindonga zibekwa kwi panels ezikhethiweyo, kufakwa kwisakhelo, okanye babe kunye naye. Ukuphakama amagumbi kufuneka kwenziwe kungabi ngaphantsi kwe-2400 mm, ukuze uzive kabi ukusuka lwangaphakathi, kwaye kukho umoya ngakumbi. Ububanzi panels umalunga 1.2 m. Bona ingafakwa ngesandla kwi izikrufu kunye nebandla amagwebu. Le verticality zesigqeba nganye luqinisekisiwe inqanaba. Kufuneka zilawulwe imilinganiselo ngesakhiwo, ezisebenzisa ilothe kunye okuphumelela. Nale imposiso ufakelo ziya kuba ncinci. Emva ibandla olungaphambili efakiweyo zokwahlula. Kwisilingi eliphezulu othanda. uye wabeka Indlu kwi isityalo kunye nentando, ngokungqinelana ne-odolo. Ngoko ke, ukuba abonelele intuthuzelo kuyimfuneko amagumbi lonke usapho, kufuneka ukhethe indlu isakhelo-panel. Ukuphononongwa abanini ephikisanayo, kodwa umfanekiso jikelele kumgangatho imodeli ethile, ungabona.

nokuhlala Windows ukuya kwi-20% yommandla eludongeni apho ibekwe. Ekungeneni, ezo iiphaneli iqebengwana pre-eyenziwe, ibekwe kwibhokisi, bayimisa Injengokubengezela isakhelo. Phantsi umnyango njengoko kukho isithuba. nayiphi na ifestile efanelekileyo kokuhlala zasehlotyeni. indlu Isakhelo-panel ubusika kufuna ufakelo iifestile kabini-ogciniweyo ngokwemaleko eziliqela. kananjalo zingakhiwa kumathambeka eluphahleni. Windows

Ukwakhiwa kwenkqubo lophahla

imiqadi Truss zapilivajut kwaye zixhonywe iziphelo yophahla, neendonga ezenziwe. Okokuqala, ukuba ziqokelelwa zixhonywe iziphelo zendlu. Emva strings kume kunye kwaso ekhwele ngababini truss lwangaphakathi nge-0.6 m. Kuba izakhiwo ezenziwe ngamaplanga amaplanga okanye ufakelo kabini linyathelo ukunyuka ukuya-1 m. Yokukhulisa ethwele amandla isakhiwo iyazalisekiswa ngokusebenzisa kwezixhaso, kwezibonda kunye braces. Aa Incopho imiqadi bambethelela ebhokisini, nto leyo ibhetele yokwenza ukusuka ebhodini uphahla.

uphahla

Uphahla pre-ezikhethiweyo, ngokuxhomekeke imozulu, isakhiwo indlu, incasa, kunye nentaphane amathuba. Izinto zokwakha ukulungiselela ukwenziwa kwenkqubo uphahla, uphahla kunye emdaka ezinokubonelelwa. Ready indlu isakhelo-panel, livela-mveliso, sele iqulathe yonke into oyifunayo. weMahalati Solid ingenziwa njenge iiphaneli nekhaka, ibalekisa ufakelo.

Phantsi umbandela ejongene ibhuqiwe amanzi. Ubonelelo kufuneka zenziwe yokuphefumla yephayi lophahla.

yethemba

Ibheke indlu kwenziwa, xa ulwakhiwo lugqityiwe. Olungaphambili kufuneka umoya. Kwisakhelo-panel izindlu ezinye iinketho ayikwazi. Ngaphakathi, yena uyehla yi iindlela eqhelekileyo: ukupeyinta, balutyabeka, luzakutumela ukheto iphepha lodongo, iiphaneli yokutrima, iithayile.

isiphelo

Yakha indlu ngokukhawuleza kwaye ngexabiso elifanelekileyo ukungazivumeli izinto zale mihla kunye nezinto. Kuba nawuphi na ummandla yasekhaya indlu efanelekileyo isakhelo-panel. Ukuphonononga kwabamnini beepropati umgangatho le mveliso entsha athethe ngokwabo. Esi sakhiwo uhamba ixesha elifutshane uze uwuse nje uba shushu kakuhle.

Ezi zindlu phantse ngokupheleleyo mveliso, kwaye umnini ingxaki amanga neqiniso yokuba ukhetho ezikhethiweyo nazo zonke iimfuno zawo. Ngaphezu koko, kubalulekile ukufumana iingcali ezinamava ukwakha.