Ndlala ndlala - kukuba emzimbeni? Umsebenzi thyroid izifo

Thyroid fanele ukuba udidi ngemizimba ukuba abe negalelo elibonakalayo yonke eziphilayo. Ngoko ke, nasiphi na isifo nemiphumela emibi, njengoko kwimeko nokungahoywa unyango nokuba ukukhubazeka okanye esibulalayo. Xa sijonge le nyaniso, kuyimfuneko ukuhlola ukuphazamiseka kunokwenzeka olusebenzayo kwidlala lengqula.

Yintoni ndlala

Oku ilungu ebalulekileyo kwamadlala yonyango. Njengokuba umsebenzi wayo ophambili ukujonga hormone ezivumela yesondlo ezinzileyo yenkqubo homeostasis. Ngaphandle lo msebenzi olupheleleyo yonke ephilayo akwenzeki.

Yeyona kwidlala lengqula unxantathu ngaphambili entanyeni lirhangqwe ngentla esisekweni mandible, ngezantsi - notch jugular kwentamo, kwaye emacaleni - kungqameko ngaphambili yasekhohlo kunye izihlunu ekunene sternocleidomastoid. Njengoko ekhula indawo yabantu umzimba zinokutshintsha thile. Ngokomzekelo, xa abantwana intsimbi busisigxina kwinqanaba intlala lengqula, eneminyaka abantu wayihlisa ngezantsi kakhulu (oko ngendlela eyenza ukuba umzimba yakha indawo ebizwa ngokuba yi-goiter sternal).

Iparameters komsindo

Ndlala ndlala - umzimba eyakhiwa isithinzi amabini kunye sezwe. Pereshek ngokwalo ngqo kwi kumphezulu ngaphambili noqhoqhoqho. Kodwa ke isabelo kwicala lasekhohlo nasekunene ezikufutshane. Kwezinye iimeko ukufumaneka umdla olongezelelweyo ngokumila pyramidal.

Kubalulekile ukuphawula ukuba ndlala lengqula - yeyona nto inkulu kwinkqubo yonyango. Ngelo xesha lakhe ilungelo nomhlehlo ezinkulu kuno ekhohlo, kwaye uphawu ebonakala ngalo vascularization luninzi. Ethetha ubunzima lengqula, sukube isusela ukusuka grams-20 ukuya kuma-60. Kwaye eli nani kwandisa xa ufikisa kwaye sehlise kunye nokuqalisa yokwaluphala.

Umdla kukuba le ndlala ndlala abasetyhini isengaphantsi kunaleyo yootata nangona ngexesha lokukhulelwa kuba ezinkulu. Kwakhona kulo mzimba, leyo yenye yezona perfused, luphawulwa anxibelelanisa philisi nomphandle wocango. Yeyona philisi sangaphandle umsebenzi osemqoka ekubunjweni kwemisipha, kufuneka ukulungisa esinobubovu kwi uqhoqhoqho kunye kwingqula.

Inkqubo yobonelelo kwegazi

Ndlala ndlala - kuba umzimba kuyo ukugqibezela umsebenzi isixa esikhulu igazi ezifunekayo. Kungenxa yesi sizathu ukuba i lwemithambo olubanzi kunye neenkqubo lwemithambo yaphuhliswa. Ukuba sithelekisa ngobunzulu ukuhamba kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zomzimba, ndlala ndlala iya kuba amaxesha 50 unamandla ngakumbi imicu kwezihlunu. Eli nani ukwandisa kakhulu xa kuthe zizifo zihamba ngokwanda ukukhululwa hormone.

igazi flow kulo kwidlala lengqula yenziwa ngokusebenzisa kwemithambo ezimbini ephezulu nesezantsi lengqula, leyo fomu phakathi kwabo anastomoses. Yayikukuphuphuma igazi nkovu kungenxa yomsebenzi ebonakalayo iinkqubo lwemithambo kunye emithanjeni. Kwimeko kweemeko zophendlo lwezifo ze ndlala kunye lengqula oluvuselela immunoglobulins output tireoblokiruyuschie kunye antibodies antithyroid.

Innervation le ingaba lengqula yenziwe Bulelani ukuba amasebe ye-luvo vagus kunye amasebe ganglia wesibeleko.

umsebenzi hormone

Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuba ndlala ndlala - kubekho le nkqubo yonyango. Ngoko ke, kusengqiqweni ukuthetha malunga imveliso hormone. Le umzimba likhipha iintlobo ezintathu kwezinto: calcitonin (a hormone peptide) elementi ezimbini ayodini aqulethe - thyroxine kunye triiodothyronine. Kuyanceda ukuba nokulungelelanisa udlule inxalenye apical ye epithelium lengqula kunye nesithuba intrafollikulyarnoe (ukuba nefuthe anga). Kuqulunqo calcitonin kungenxa esinobubovu thymus kunye parathyroid ngoncedo esebenzayo ye C-iiseli. Ngaphandle kwalo, kwakungayi kuba ummiselo kunokwenzeka potassium, iphosphate yokucolwa emzimbeni womntu.

Enyanisweni, lo ihomoni - into leyo luphawulwa umsebenzi ngokuzalana. Ngexesha lo msebenzi, ukuba usebenzisa iziphumo iiseli ezahlukeneyo umzimba ekude.

Tirioidnye hormone, umzekelo, kufuneka ukuba nokulungelelanisa ngempumelelo iiproteni ancedisana amalungu. A ubekelwe ngabo thyroglobulin. Kodwa njongo iphambili ihomoni - kukunikezelwa ekudibaneni kwemichiza ukuba badlale indima engundoqo ekuphuhlisweni amandla yi umzimba ngenxa eqhelekileyo yokusebenza, nokuba baphumle.

Ihomoni - yinto element ngaphandle apho kube nzima ukulungisa umsebenzi wentliziyo, peristalsis wamathumbu kunye nokugcinwa ezinzileyo lobushushu emzimbeni ofunekayo.

Izitenxo kule ndlala

Hormone abe neziphumo ezibalulekileyo kwi yonke kumzimba, ukugcina isantya carcinomas pathways kwinqanaba elifunekayo. Ngoko ke, xa kwimeko egqithileyo kulo exchange kwandiswa, kwaye intsilelo - kuyehla.

Zonke abanale kunokwenzeka lungohlulwa lube iintlobo ezisisiseko:

- izifo kunye nokuhla komgangatho hormone - hypothyroidism;

- ezimbi apho landa Yindibanisela emzimbeni (hyperthyroidism);

- izifo ezifumaneka ngaphandle utshintsho kumsebenzi yomsebenzi amadlala kodwa kwavusa morphological utshintsha isakhiwo sayo (hyperplasia, goiter ukubunjwa amaqhina njl njl).

Omnye unobangela ekhokelela ukuvela ithi zophendlo lwezifo - kukunqongophala iodine emzimbeni. Ngoko ke kubalulekile ukuba balandele nokutya, ekubeni kukho iimveliso ukuze sinandiphe iseli kunye into ebalulekileyo ngokunjalo ukuthintela umthondo lwayo ijwabu lengqula.

izifo eziqhelekileyo

Qala, mhlawumbi, kuba unesifo enjalo, njengoko lengqula node. Esi sifo nzima ubomi babantu abaninzi. Enyanisweni, lengqula node - yinxalenye encinane ubume, nto leyo lingqongwe capsule. Olu tshintsho sibangelwa imibala iodine, kubangele intsimbi uqalisa ukusebenza nzima, ukuze ifunde lwesi sakhi egazini. Emerging struma dilates imithambo yegazi, ngaloo ndlela Kuqukaniswa esikule. Isiphumo sale nkqubo siza ukwakhiwa. utshintsho yinqontsonqa yayo esinobubovu lengqula - lelinye igama kwesi sifo.

Oogqirha senze ngokugqithisileyo ngazo ukuvela amatywina ezininzi ngexesha elinye, ingozi leyo ukuba bakwazi ukuphuhlisa ukusuka ebubonisayo ukuya amabi. Ukuba olo tshintsho zenzeke, kuyimfuneko ukwenza lo msebenzi. akufunwa uqhaqho esiludumbo ingozi, kwaye iphathwa nge-ayodini ngumzimba.

Vascularization le ndlala ndlala - yenye ngxaki, nto leyo eduze ekumisweni amaqhina. kubume bayo amathumba phantsi yokuba ukongeza imithambo ezine ukuyilwa yentsimbi iimpahla ezintsha yegazi, nto leyo ebangelwe imbonakalo amatywina (nodes). Into yokuba ukwandisa vascularization bungabonakala ezi mpawu zilandelayo:

- imvakalelo ubuhlungu imisipha;

- ukubonakala rhoqo ukushukumisa goiter;

- wegazi ewelwa;

- utshintsho olukhawulezayo ubunzima;

- ukubila;

- ekumisweni nokudumba;

- izifo hormone;

- ukozela Ukwanda nokudinwa.

Ukongeza kwezi mpawu eyandileyo igazi flow kwi kwidlala lengqula naye ukunciphisa ingqalelo kunye inkumbulo, kwaye maxa wambi nkqu iintshukumo zesondo. Kuba unyango lwezifo ezifana kufuneka udibane nogqirha-endocrinologist.

imisebenzi yokuphatha elingalunganga

Kwindlela eqhelekileyo yokusebenza esinobubovu lengqula kuxhomekeke ukuthembeka kwenkqubo omzimba kunye nomsebenzi yonke eziphilayo. Ngoko ke, nakuphi na ukusilela nto naxa ingumbandela ozaliswe ziziphumo uvalo.

Ukuncipha umsebenzi lengqula - is ekunciphiseni umsebenzi kulo mzimba. Le ngxaki inomnye igama - hypofunction. Kukho izizathu ezininzi umsebenzi nakwimisebenzi kuncitshiswa:

- izifo ngenxa ukudumba nobubovu prostate okanye ukwenzakala;

- okungahambi bekhubazekile;

- ukungabikho iodine umzimba;

- imiba ezibi kakhulu kokusingqongileyo kungakhokelela kumonakalo lengqula.

Njengoko kuba hypofunction sesekondari, kule meko kuyimfuneko ukunikela ingqalelo umonakalo yebhinqa, elawula endlaleni.

Hypothyroidism - yenye ingxaki angena kubethwa ngoyaba. Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukuba izinga hormone oxhomekeke umsebenzi yinxalenye zonke iinkqubo zomzimba kunye nokukwazi kwabo ukumelana umthwalo rhoqo. Ukuba ndlala lengqula ukuba isantya, ngoko oko kuya kubangela ukusabela chain leyo ebangela zikwimeko embi kakhulu yonke loo mntu. Kwaye ukuba oku nezinye iingxaki zempilo, libeyise kuya kuba nzima kakhulu.

Indlela uqhelekileyo unyango unesifo onjalo - kwanonyango hormone. Ngamanye amaxesha ukuze ukubuyisela ukusebenza endlaleni zibuyele esiqhelweni, ngokwaneleyo ukuba iinyanga ezimbalwa yokuthatha hormone.

Omnye umba okufanele ingqalelo lo hyperthyroidism. Le syndrome ukuvela ngenxa ukwandisa imveliso iihomoni ezifana triiodothyronine kunye thyroxine.

Isifo zohlulwa ngokwendidi ezintathu: eziziiprayimari, hyperthyroidism lesibini nelesithathu. Kwiimeko ezininzi, imvelaphi uphuhliso le ngxaki a goiter ityhefu. Yile hlobo esiqwini itywina ndlala ekunokuthiwa izinto ezibangela imveliso ngokugqithiseleyo hormone.

Hyperthyroidism - is sisifo ukuphuhlisa ngenxa thyroiditis subacute, viral usulelo yesinye, goiter nodular okanye adenoma ityhefu. Imiphumo isifo embi ngolu hlobo Uvalo eyomeleleyo, memory ongaboniyo, ophthalmopathy (exophthalmia), sikhatshwe ekwandeni umhlaza lengqula, efuna ityhefu ngokugqithisileyo umzimba iihomoni.

Ngokubanzi, kukho udla ngokuba kukuxabana ngokugqithisileyo zonke iinkqubo kunye namaziko, okukhokelela utshintsho vuhlayiseki. Ngenxa yoko, umntu uyakhubazeka okanye afe. Hyperthyroidism iphathwa ziziyobisi ezinciphisa hormone, ngenxa kutyando ngoncedo iodine.

Okunye pathology ezifanayo

Townsfolk esoloko ijongana unesifo esinzulu ezinjengezo hyperplasia le ingaba lengqula. Le nto, njengoko ukwanda kwiiseli olusebenzayo omzimba. Ngenxa yoko, ubukhulu lengqula ndlala kwandisa kakhulu. Yaziwa ebizwa ngokuba yi-goiter abaninzi.

Unobangela wale sifo kunokuba zombini imveliso ngokugqithiseleyo elabalabayo hormone. Kodwa ngokubanzi, onjalo syndrome iyakwazi ukuphuhlisa ngokusekelwe lwezifo ezahlukeneyo ngokupheleleyo. Kwaye kuxhomekeke izizathu utshintsho kunye nesicwangciso unyango. It has iindidi eziliqela ekukhuleni self kweeseli nabasebenzayo:

- esiludumbo (ukwanda ubukhulu yesinye ngenxa inkangeleko cysts kunye nodes);

- kwentamo (ukunyuka uniform ngaphandle ukwakha amatywina);

- ixubene.

Ukumisela ukuvela ukwanda lengqula iseli syndrome nga kuzinza ngezizathu ezifana utshintsho ngokukhawuleza ubunzima, imbonakalo lunamahlwili amhlophe entanyeni, ukuba nochuku ngokugqithiseleyo rhoqo, ulale ziyagungqa ze luvalo. Ezi iimpawu kunceda ukuchonga ekuqaleni hyperplasia aze athathe amanyathelo afanelekileyo ngokukhawuleza.

Enye ngezifo oko kudla kuyimfuneko ukunyanga endocrinologists - hypoplasia le ingaba lengqula. lo malformation azalwa, nto leyo ebonakaliswa ukungabikho yophuhliso umcu womzimba. Isizathu sokuba abantu kufuneka ukujongana unesifo onjalo, ukunqongophala iodine emzimbeni ngexesha lokukhulelwa. Indima embi ukudlala kunye neentlobo ngeentlobo iziphene Palsy kwi umsebenzi lengqula osezantsi ngexesha yokuzala. Esi sifo sivakala ebuntwaneni, ngenxa yokuba unobangela hypothyroidism kunye cretinism.

Indlela ephambili ekoyiseni hypoplasia - kukusetyenziswa hormone. Ngaphezu koko, akukho mfuneko balibazise unyango. nabo kuya kufuneka ukuba liqinisekise ukuba zokuthambisa umntwana kunye neeseshoni ukuyifundisa. Oku kubalulekile ngenxa yokuba kwiimeko ezininzi, abantwana kunye nesifo efanayo uvela olwaphula kwezihlunu kunye nentshukumo.

Kukho iimeko xa izigulane ukuba oogqirha-endocrinologists ingxaki efana owahlukeneyo lengqula ndlala. Oko kukuthi, ukuba asichazele isigama unyango ultrasound, ngokoko athe ngxaki kuthiwa utshintsho kwentamo. Sithetha malunga notshintsho isicwili ndlala apho umzimba uphela ibonakalisa engalunganga ephilileyo.

Izizathu zolu tshintsho kunokuba bayinto, engundoqo - ukunqongophala rhoqo iodine emzimbeni. Ezimagqagala thyroid inyama ukuvela ngokwesiseko zifo zilandelayo: thyroiditis subacute, goiter, thyroiditis ezondeleyo samathambo, kuyenye goiter ziyityhefu kwaye exutyiweyo. Ngokuqhelekileyo, le ukudumba ancedisana kungenxa ugonyamelo zophendlo lwezifo kwamajoni omzimba.

Ukuthetha malunga unyango, kubalulekile ukuphawula ukuba nayiphi improvisation nto naxa ingumbandela ozaliswe ziziphumo ezimbi, ngoko kuyimfuneko ekuqaleni ukuya kugqirha abafanelekayo. Kwiimeko ezininzi, iingcali elawulwa kwiimveliso zifundo eziqulathe iodine okanye potassium iodide. Kodwa kwimeko ukunyhashwa kwidlala lengqula isiqinisekiso analogu zokwenziwa of ihomoni. Kwimeko apho zomzimba banabileyo kuqala ukubeka uxinzelelo phezu amalungu ezikufutshane, kufuneka nzulu cinga uqhaqho.

Kubalulekile ukwazi okungakumbi ngale ngxaki njengoko echogenicity eyandisiweyo le ndlala lengqula. Ukuba kuqondwe kuphela xa ukusetyenziswa ultrasound. Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukuba eli gama lisetyenziswa kuphela ukuchaza umfanekiso ultrasound. Eli gama lichaza nokubanako laphu ukubonisa okujoliswe isandi yakhe aqhelelkileyo.

Isibakala sokuba ukutshintsha ubungqina umfanekiso ultrasound inkangeleko nayiphi ngezifo. Kuyo nayiphi na imeko, ultrasound ubuchule kunceda ukufumanisa nokuhluthwa kwi imeko, okanye umsebenzi lengqula ngokuchane ngakumbi.

thyroiditis Hashimoto kaThixo

Le Mboniselo kufuna ingqalelo ekhethekileyo. Kubalulekile ukuqonda xa ujamelene unesifo njenge "lengqula Ait", oko kakhulu sisifo esibi efuna obucokisekileyo inkqubo impiliso. Umongo wale ngxaki kukuba emzimbeni kukho ukudumba ezingapheliyo ye Yinyama ine imvelaphi sokuhlasela. Unobangela woku karhulumente ifuthe elibi amajoni omzimba ukuba iiseli ndlala.

Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba loo uphethwe ukuya kwi-30% azo zonke izifo ezinxulumene endlaleni. Ngapha koko, le ngxaki kwenzeka kwabasetyhini rhoqo amaxesha 15-20 ngakumbi kunamadoda. Olusemngciphekweni abantu abaneminyaka eyi-40 ukuya ku-50.

thyroiditis komzimba lungahlulwa-hlulwa zibe iintlobo:

- elula. Yenzeka ukuhla okubonakalayo sifo yaye ngoko idiopathic ngokwendalo.

- Cytokine ngabom. Olu hlobo esi sifo ibonakalisiwe emva kokuba isicelo of interferon asetyenziselwa ukunyanga isibindi negazi ukuphazamiseka.

- ezondeleyo. Unobangela wale Uhlobo thyroiditis ukunyusa ubungakanani izilwa-buhlungu kunye T-lymphocyte kwi ijwabu yesinye.

- Kwasemva. Esi sifo senzeka ngenxa lokukhulelwa.

Kakade ke, yokulungisa umba "lengqula Ait - ukuba" kuyimfuneko ukuba anikele ingqalelo unyango. Bakukuva oku sifo, simele siqale ukuya kwagqirha. Kwiimeko ezininzi, emva kokuba uxilongo izigulane emiselweyo unyango hormone. Ukusebenzisa amayeza kagqirha ufuna usuku ngalunye amathamo lusanda ngokwanda.

Ukuba sifo ngendlela eliphambili, kunye SCA lifikelele ngomli-, kuya kufuneka ukuba ufune uncedo oogqirha njengokuba akunakwenzeka ukuba kuphumelela ngaphandle ungenelelo ngotyando ukuphumeza inkqubela eziphathekayo unyango.

Kubalulekile ngexesha uphuhliso ukudumba Akazange asebenzise ukusetyenziswa antibiotics. Akuncedi nto ukuba Nokwethisa isiphumo kwentsholongwane, yaye kwegazi liya kuqhubeka inkqubela. Kuyimfuneko ukuba sigxile unyango anobuchule kwangexesha phantsi kweliso yincutshe. Le ndlela ukunika isiphumo oyifunayo.

Ukubaluleka yothintelo

kunokwenziwa isigqibo sokuba wabetha ezinye izifo lengqula ngokwesiseko le ngcaciso ilapha ngasentla - kuyingozi. Ngoko ke, ukuba naziphi na iimpawu ekrokrisayo uye uphando yaye kwimeko kagunyaziwe zophendlo lwezifo karhulumente ngaphandle kokulibazisa ukuba ukuqala unyango. Ukwenzela ukunciphisa ingozi yesifo lengqula ukuba ubuncinane, kufuneka ulandele imigaqo ezimbalwa ezilula: ityetyiswe ukudla kwakho ukudla iodine, gqolo ukuqhuba nokuvuselelwa kwisisu zomlomo (kaninzi ngenxa amazinyo abachatshazelwa ukubola kwamazinyo, usuleleko lingena singene esinobubovu) kunye nendlela obucokisekileyo unyango nawuphi na unomkhuhlane.

Ngokulungiswa kakuhle kwaye ngokucokisekileyo lokunqanda ukuwenza ezininzi iingxaki ezinxulumene nesifo ndlala.