Nebhasi

Inkqubo ibhasi yenzelwe ukuphunyezwa umqhubekekisi onxibelelwano izixhobo lwangaphandle kwi computer esebenzisa izixhobo zolawulo ezizodwa - amaqhoshana okanye izilawuli. Zonke ezintsha aqhagamshelwe kwindlela ibhasi esebenzisa izihlanganisi eqhelekileyo. Amavili zingahlulwa ngokweendidi ezintathu ngokuvumelana nemisebenzi yabo: idilesi, iinkcukacha kunye nolawulo, ezo ubude igama ezahlukeneyo, okt inani data abapasa ngabo. Uhlobo ifowuni luqinisekiswa kakhulu nesantya-PC.

Inkqubo ibhasi unako ukusebenza kule migangatho isisiseko ilandelayo: MCA, ISA, VESA, EISA, PCI. Kangangethuba elide ibhasi ISA ithathwa umgangatho ethile kwinkalo ye computer. Iveliswe ngokusekelwe bit ezisibhozo inkqubo ibhasi i-IBM PC XT kunye IBM PC. It Kwabonelelwa imigca angaluphazamisa ezisibhozo neza kunye izixhobo zangaphandle, kwakunye imigca emine ukufikelela memory ngqo.

Umsebenzi inkqubo ibhasi kunye isilawuli kuphunyezwa phezu rhoqo 4,77 MHz. A Isantya ukudluliselwa data ingaba malunga 4.5 MB ngomzuzu. In kwisizukulwana esilandelayo iikhompyutha iye yasetyenziswa ibhasi njengokom, apho kungenxa imigca 24 idilesi bavunyelwe ukwenza isibheno ngqo kwi RAM, lo gama ubukhulu yalo 16 MB.

Kule elishumi elinamithandathu yentsimbi bhasi yeny 'ukuba izakusetyenziswa endaweni ezisibhozo, ngelixa inani lamajelo ukuba ufikelelo ngqo kulwazi esele yakhiwe ezisibhozo kunokuba ezine. Ngoku ibhasi isebenza asynchronously ukuya isilawuli kumaza-6 MHz kwi, kwaye oku kuye kwakhokelela ukunyusa isantya ukudluliselwa ukuya ku 16MB ngomzuzwana. Ngoku wanikwa ithuba ukusebenza izixhobo nesezantsi isantya, kodwa akaba nako ukunika ukusebenza ngokufanelekileyo izixhobo zale mihla. Kube nempembelelo kuba kukuyilwa lweentlobo ezintsha kweebhasi nkqubo.

Ngowe-1987 ukuba iphuhlise ISA inkqubo ibhasi, ezaba yokuqala-yokusebenza. Oku hlukile ukuba ngesantya yalo 10 MHz kwaye ibhasi iye yaba bit 32-, nelenyuse izinga transfer 20 MB ngomzuzu. Nangona kunjalo, ngenxa ukungavumelani phakathi ivili ukuba akukwazeki ukusebenzisa umlawuli ngenxa ISA ibhasi, ngenxa apho izakhiwo alafunyanwa isicelo olubanzi.

Le nkqubo ibhasi EISA yasungulwa ngo-1989, yaba uhlobo ende ISA. It ikuvumela ufake i izihlanganisi nje nabaqondisi zabo, kodwa abo ISA. It ndandishumayela rhoqo 8-10 MHz, xa umthamo wayo ngu 32, evumela ngqo kwi-4 GB, ukufikelela iqondo lonaniso ngolwazi Mbytes 33 ngomzuzwana. A engxakini le bhasi na izinga eliphantsi ngokutshintshiselana ngolwazi ekusetyenzweni imizobo, imifanekiso, kunye nexabiso ophezulu izilawuli.

Le PCI ibhasi lwenzelwe le Pentium iprosesa entsha, kodwa kwakhona azinakusetyenziswa kwezinye amaqonga. It ikuvumela ukuba ukwazi ukuqhagamshela ngokwakho ukuba izixhobo ezilishumi ezahlukileyo. Le ibhasi lisetyenziswa idatha idlulisele 32 okanye 64, kwaye isantya transmission waba 132 264 MB ngomzuzu.

Ngoku nkqubo iibhodi anxulumene ngayo kwezinye izixhobo nge ibhasi AGP, evumela ukuba ikhadi yemizobo ukuba usebenzise RAM PC. Lakwazi ukumelana imizobo mihla, ekufuneka ukuhambisa imonitha ngesantya esiphezulu, yintoni na kunzima ukusingatha PCI. Xa usebenzisa PCI wazibhokoxa engafanelekanga ukwandisa imemori kwi yevidiyo ngenxa elinganiselwe isantya kunye nebhasi bandwidth. inkqubo AGP Uphindaphindo ibhasi ivumela utshintshiselwano ngolwazi phakathi memory system kunye nememori ividiyo ngqo, zibe kuphunyezwa xa usebenzisa ezinye imigangatho kwezi zixhobo.