Yintoni uyilo mveliso?

Ukufana komthetho lomenzi kuBukhosi Russian kwavela ngenkulungwane ye-18 emva kwexesha. Ngelo xesha, ukuba wanikwa "ilungelo 'kuqala ukuba njengeyabo. Umthetho wokuqala, elawula ubudlelwane Wabonakala 1812, apho iminyaka emininzi ngaphambi China, apho umthetho welungelo elilodwa lomenzi wabonakala kuphela ngo-1984.

Modern umthetho welungelo elilodwa lomenzi we-Russian Federation isekelwe phezu kwisahluko 72th kweKhowudi Civil. Apha uyakwazi ukufumana inkcazo amalungelo awodwa, njengako abathe abo ndadala imodeli eluncedo, wayila okanye uyilo industrial, uphethe amalungelo wombhali, amalungelo awodwa, kwaye unelungelo lokuba afumane ilungelo lomenzi, okanye imbuyekezo ukuba ukusetyenziswa.

design Industrial uye umahluko othile kwezinye izinto yomthetho welungelo lomenzi - okuvelisiweyo okanye into eluncedo imodeli. Zezi zilandelayo:

- qambo - isigqibo kwesicwangciso yobugcisa kuyo nayiphi na indawo, elibhekisela kuyo nayiphi na imveliso okanye inkqubo;

- imodeli luncedo - naye hlengiso lobuchule isisombululo, kodwa enxulumene kuphela izixhobo (kwaye fyabo inokuba, umzekelo, izityalo);

- uyilo mveliso, umzekelo apho i original "Sprite" ibhotile, umele zombini uyilo kunye nesisombululo yokuluka. Wayeqonda original kwaye ikhuselwe ukuba iphatheni, umbala indibaniselwano, imilo, okanye uqwalaselo into zaye ayaziwa ehlabathini phambi komhla priority na isampuli ibango.

Ngokuhambelana kunye nemithetho yelizwe zoyilo mveliso kunokuba ukubunjwa ezingazinzanga (ezintweni ulwelo kunye al.), Solutions leyo zibangelwa yi kuphela licandelo zobugcisa yenjongosenzi, ngokunjalo izinto zokwakha (ngaphandle amancinci), ufakelo kwimizi zokubhala kunye nezinye sicwangciso.

Ukuba into yokuba lomenzi lungelo liye waqaphela, kuyimfuneko ukuba uyilo yoshishino, wayila okanye ezingumzekelo sibhaliswe. Ukuze ezi njongo, ungafaka isicelo kwi-Institute of Property Industrial (Federal) okanye uqhagamshelane negqwetha patent lowo bawaziyo awohluke kukho mthetho ixesha elide kakhulu yaye ezintsonkothileyo. Ngokukodwa, edibana ngayo ukulungiselela kwimpawu isambuku into.

Design lomenzi kuthetha ukuba, ukongeza kwisicelo iya amaxwebhu angeniswe ezifana inkcazo uyilo olupheleleyo industrial, ukuhlela iimpawu ezibalulekileyo kunye iseti eqingqiweyo into. Ukongeza, kufuneka ahlawule umrhumo uviwo Eli ziko ecetywayo isampulu iya phantsi iimviwo ezimbini (akukho ngaphantsi kwe 2100 engange.) - esesikweni kunye ingongoma. Ngenxa yoko, into yokuqala ekufuneka zibonakaliswa okanye azikhange zikhunjulwe iimpawu ezifanelekileyo olusesikweni. Emva koko, loo nto uzimisele ukuba okanye hayi isampuli efunekayo kanye entsha.

Nezinto ezintle imodeli woshishino patents sivunyiwe kwaye umnini lifumana gego ilungelo elikhethekileyo ukuya kumhla wokupapashwa ulwazi umba xwebhu. Nakho ukugcina lomenzi kuyimfuneko ukuze uhlawule imali, nto leyo ukwanda okuncinane ukusuka komnye unyaka ukuya komnye. Umzekelo, ilungelo, lomenzi ephethe kunyaka wayo wesithathu, kufuneka ahlawule isixa engange 300 ngonyaka, yaye emva kweminyaka eli-12, esi sixa siya kwandisa ku 1200 engange.